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Peculiarities of nitronate monooxygenases and perspectives for in vivo and in vitro applications

Peculiarities of nitronate monooxygenases and perspectives for in vivo and in vitro applications Nitroalkanes such as nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane (1NP), and 2-nitropropane (2NP), derived from anthropogenic activities, are hazardous environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and carcinogenic activity. In nature, 3-nitropropionate (3NPA) and its derivatives are produced as a defense mechanism by many groups of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, insects, and plants. 3NPA is highly toxic as its conjugate base, propionate-3-nitronate (P3N), is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, essential to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and can inhibit isocitrate lyase, a critical enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle. In response to these toxic compounds, several organisms on the phylogenetic scale express genes that code for enzymes involved in the catabolism of nitroalkanes: nitroalkane oxidases (NAOs) and nitronate monooxygenases (NMOs) (previously classified as nitropropane dioxygenases, NPDs). Two types of NMOs have been identified: class I and class II, which differ in structure, catalytic efficiency, and preferred substrates. This review focuses on the biochemical properties, structure, classification, and physiological functions of NMOs, and offers perspectives for their in vivo and in vitro applications.Key points• Nitronate monooxygenases (NMOs) are key enzymes in nitroalkane catabolism.• NMO enzymes are involved in defense mechanisms in different organisms.• NMO applications include organic synthesis, biocatalysts, and bioremediation. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Journals

Peculiarities of nitronate monooxygenases and perspectives for in vivo and in vitro applications

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Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
ISSN
0175-7598
eISSN
1432-0614
DOI
10.1007/s00253-021-11623-1
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Nitroalkanes such as nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane (1NP), and 2-nitropropane (2NP), derived from anthropogenic activities, are hazardous environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and carcinogenic activity. In nature, 3-nitropropionate (3NPA) and its derivatives are produced as a defense mechanism by many groups of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, insects, and plants. 3NPA is highly toxic as its conjugate base, propionate-3-nitronate (P3N), is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase, essential to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and can inhibit isocitrate lyase, a critical enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle. In response to these toxic compounds, several organisms on the phylogenetic scale express genes that code for enzymes involved in the catabolism of nitroalkanes: nitroalkane oxidases (NAOs) and nitronate monooxygenases (NMOs) (previously classified as nitropropane dioxygenases, NPDs). Two types of NMOs have been identified: class I and class II, which differ in structure, catalytic efficiency, and preferred substrates. This review focuses on the biochemical properties, structure, classification, and physiological functions of NMOs, and offers perspectives for their in vivo and in vitro applications.Key points• Nitronate monooxygenases (NMOs) are key enzymes in nitroalkane catabolism.• NMO enzymes are involved in defense mechanisms in different organisms.• NMO applications include organic synthesis, biocatalysts, and bioremediation.

Journal

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology – Springer Journals

Published: Nov 1, 2021

Keywords: Nitroalkanes; 3-Nitropropionate; Propionate-3-nitronate; Nitronate monooxygenase; Bioremediation

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