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Orbital Muscle Enlargement: What if It’s Not Graves’ Disease?

Orbital Muscle Enlargement: What if It’s Not Graves’ Disease? Purpose of ReviewTo provide the radiologist with tools to recognize findings atypical for Graves’ ophthalmopathy and differentiate between the most important and common alternative causes of extraocular muscle enlargement on CT and MR imaging.Recent findingsWe introduce five ‘red flags’ representing features that are atypical for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: unilateral disease, atypical pattern of muscle involvement, adjacent structure involvement, restricted diffusion, and absence of pain.SummaryAbout 95% of the cases with extraocular enlargement are due to Graves’ ophthalmopathy, other causes are less well known and recognized. The ‘red flags’ may aid in recognizing and suggesting alternative diagnoses. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Current Radiology Reports Springer Journals

Orbital Muscle Enlargement: What if It’s Not Graves’ Disease?

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References (65)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2022
eISSN
2167-4825
DOI
10.1007/s40134-022-00392-y
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Purpose of ReviewTo provide the radiologist with tools to recognize findings atypical for Graves’ ophthalmopathy and differentiate between the most important and common alternative causes of extraocular muscle enlargement on CT and MR imaging.Recent findingsWe introduce five ‘red flags’ representing features that are atypical for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: unilateral disease, atypical pattern of muscle involvement, adjacent structure involvement, restricted diffusion, and absence of pain.SummaryAbout 95% of the cases with extraocular enlargement are due to Graves’ ophthalmopathy, other causes are less well known and recognized. The ‘red flags’ may aid in recognizing and suggesting alternative diagnoses.

Journal

Current Radiology ReportsSpringer Journals

Published: Feb 1, 2022

Keywords: Extraocular muscle enlargement; Graves’ ophthalmopathy; Atypical causes; Overview

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