Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
CB Denney, MD Rapport, K Chung (2005)
Interactions of task and subject variables among continuous performance testsJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46
MD Rapport, MJ Kofler, RM Alderson, J Raiker (2008)
Handbook of psychological assessment, case conceptualization and treatment, volume 2: Children and adolescents
TE Wilens, J Biederman, S Brown, S Tanguay, MC Monuteaux, C Blake (2002)
Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in clinically referred preschool children and schoolage youths with ADHDJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41
C Avila, I Cuenca, V Félix, M Parcet, A Miranda (2004)
Measuring impulsivity in school-aged boys and examining its relationship with ADHD and ODD ratingsJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32
JA Sergeant, H Geurts, J Oosterlaan (2002)
How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderBehavioural Brain Research, 130
MA Nikolas, SA Burt (2010)
Genetic and environmental influences on ADHD symptom dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity: a meta-analysisJournal of Abnormal Psychology, 119
TW Frazier, HA Demaree, EA Youngstrom (2004)
Meta-analysis of intellectual and neuropsychological test performance in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderNeuropsychology, 18
LM Babinski, CS Hartsough, NM Lambert (1999)
Childhood conduct problems, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattention as predictors of adult criminal activityJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40
JM Halperin, LE Wolf, DM Pascualvaca, JH Newcorn, JM Healey, JD O’Brien (1988)
Differential assessment of attention and impulsivity in childrenJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27
S Diamantopoulou, AM Rydell, LB Thorell, G Bohlin (2007)
Impact of executive functioning and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children’s peer relations and school performanceDevelopmental Neuropsychology, 32
R Martinussen, J Hayden, S Hogg-Johnson, R Tannock (2005)
A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44
PL Ackerman, ME Beier, MO Boyle (2005)
Working memory and intelligence: the same or different constructs?Psychological Bulletin, 131
MD Rapport, S Loo, P Isaacs, S Goya, CB Denney, S Scanlan (1996)
Methylphenidate and attentional training: comparative effects on behavior and neurocognitive performance in twin girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderBehavior Modification, 20
C Tillman, L Eninger, L Forssman, G Bohlin (2011)
The relation between working memory components and ADHD symptoms from a developmental perspectiveDevelopmental Neuropsychology, 36
A Baddeley (2007)
Working memory, thought, and action
SL Nichols, DA Waschbusch (2004)
A review of the validity of laboratory cognitive tasks used to assess symptoms of ADHDChild Psychiatry and Human Development, 34
T Klingberg, E Fernell, PJ Olesen, M Johnson, P Gustafsson, K Dahlström (2005)
Computerized training of working memory in children with ADHD–A randomized, controlled trialJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44
RA Barkley (1991)
The ecological validity of laboratory and analogue assessment methods of ADHD symptomsJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19
B Efron, R Tibshirani (1993)
An introduction to the bootstrap
Z Shipstead, TS Redick, RW Engle (2010)
Does working memory training generalize?Psychologica Belgica, 50
RM Baron, DA Kenny (1986)
The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerationsJournal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51
RA Barkley (2006)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Handbook for diagnosis and treatment
DM Eagle, A Bari, TW Robbins (2008)
The neuropsychopharmacology of action inhibition: cross-species translation of the stop-signal and go/no-go tasksPsychopharmacology, 199
BSG Molina, BH Smith, WE Pelham (1999)
Interactive effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on early adolescent substance usePsychology of Addictive Behaviors, 13
CJ Aman, RJ Roberts, BF Pennington (1998)
A neuropsychological examination of the underlying deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: frontal lobe versus right parietal lobe theoriesDevelopmental Psychology, 34
SJ Pickering (2001)
The development of visuo-spatial working memoryMemory, 9
TM Achenbach, LA Rescorla (2001)
Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles
BG Tabachnick, LS Fidell (2007)
Using multivariate statistics
LB Thorell (2007)
Do delay aversion and executive function deficits make distinct contributions to the functional impact of ADHD symptoms? A study of early academic skill deficitsJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48
KC Brocki, L Eninger, LB Thorell, G Bohlin (2010)
Interrelations between executive function and symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention in preschoolers: a two year longitudinal studyJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38
J Holmes, SE Gathercole, DL Dunning (2009)
Adaptive training leads to sustained enhancement of poor working memory in childrenDevelopmental Science, 12
J Holmes, SE Gathercole, M Place, TP Alloway, JG Elliott, KA Hilton (2010)
The diagnostic utility of executive function assessments in the identification of ADHD in childrenChild and Adolescent Mental Health, 15
MD Rapport, RM Alderson, MJ Kofler, DE Sarver, J Bolden, V Sims (2008)
Working memory deficits in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the contribution of central executive and subsystem processesJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36
R Schachar, V Mota, G Logan, R Tannock, P Klim (2000)
Confirmation of an inhibitory control deficit in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28
KD Gadow, J Sprafkin, H Salisbury (2004)
Further validity evidence for the teacher version of the Child Symptom Inventory-4School Psychology Quarterly, 19
S Palmer (2000)
Development of phonological recoding and literacy acquisition: a four-year cross-sequential studyBritish Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18
R Colom, FJ Abad, I Rebollo, P Shih (2005)
Memory span and general intelligence: a latent-variable approachIntelligence, 33
BS Gibson, DM Gondoli, AC Files, BA Dobrzenski, N Unsworth (2010)
Application of the dual-component model of working memory to ADHDChild Neuropsychology, 16
LM Hsu (1989)
Random sampling, randomization, and equivalence of contrasted groups in psychotherapy outcome researchJournal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57
MD Rapport, KM Chung, G Shore, P Isaacs (2001)
A conceptual model of child psychopathology: Implications for understanding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and treatment efficacyJournal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30
D Wechsler (2003)
Wechsler intelligence scale for children—fourth edition
H Forman, T Mäntylä, MG Carelli (2011)
Time keeping and working memory development in early adolescence: a 4-year follow-upJournal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108
JT Nigg, SP Hinshaw, JM Halperin (1996)
Continuous performance test in boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Methylphenidate dose response and relations with observed behaviorsJournal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25
JN Epstein, A Erkanli, CK Conners, J Klaric, JE Costello, A Angold (2003)
Relations between continuous performance test performance measures and ADHD behaviorsJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31
PE Shrout, N Bolger (2002)
Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendationsPsychological Methods, 7
GL Burns, JA Walsh (2002)
The influence of ADHD-Hyperactivity/Impulsivity symptoms on the development of oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in a 2-year longitudinal studyJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30
CL Carlson, BB Lahey, R Neeper (1986)
Direct assessment of the cognitive correlates of attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivityJournal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 8
RM Alderson, MD Rapport, DE Sarver, MJ Kofler (2008)
ADHD and behavioral inhibition: a re-examination of the stop-signal taskJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36
SL Olson, EM Schilling, JE Bates (1999)
Measurement of impulsivity: construct coherence, longitudinal stability, and relationship with externalizing problems in middle childhood and adolescenceJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27
K Hooks, R Milich, E Lorch (1994)
Sustained and selective attention in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorderJournal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23
EG Willcutt, AE Doyle, JT Nigg, SV Faraone, BF Pennington (2005)
Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic reviewBiological Psychiatry, 57
SS Zentall (1993)
Research on the educational implications of attention deficit hyperactivity disorderExceptional Children, 60
R Martinussen, R Tannock (2006)
Working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid language learning disordersJournal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 28
VM Rosen, RW Engle (1997)
Forward and backward serial recallIntelligence, 25
ARA Conway, MJ Kane, MF Bunting, DZ Hambrick, O Wilhelm, RW Engle (2005)
Working memory span tasks: a methodological review and user’s guidePsychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12
TE Moffitt, L Arseneault, D Belsky, N Dickson, RJ Hancox, H Harrington (2011)
A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safetyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108
D Lee, CA Riccio, GW Hynd (2004)
The role of executive functions in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: testing predictions from two modelsCanadian Journal of School Psychology, 19
RM Alderson, MD Rapport, MJ Kofler (2007)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder and behavioral inhibition: a meta-analytic review of the stop-signal paradigmJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35
MD Rapport, J Bolden, MJ Kofler, DE Sarver, JS Raiker, RM Alderson (2009)
Hyperactivity in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a ubiquitous core symptom or manifestation of working memory deficits?Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37
JM Halperin, V Sharma, E Greenblatt, ST Schwartz (1991)
Assessment of the continuous performance test: reliability and validity in a nonreferred samplePsychological Assessment, 3
E Sonuga-Barke, P Bitsakou, M Thompson (2010)
Beyond the dual pathway model: evidence for the dissociation of timing, inhibitory, and delay-related impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49
NJ Salkind, JC Wright (1977)
The development of reflection–impulsivity and cognitive efficiency: an integrated modelHuman Development, 20
J Kaufman, B Birmaher, D Brent, U Rao, C Flynn, P Moreci (1997)
Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity dataJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36
RA Barkley (1997)
ADHD and the nature of self-control
RM Alderson, MD Rapport, KL Hudec, DE Sarver, MJ Kofler (2010)
Competing core processes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): do working memory deficiencies underlie behavioral inhibition deficits?Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38
RA Barkley, M Fischer, L Smallish, K Fletcher (2006)
Young adult outcome of hyperactive children: adaptive functioning in major life activitiesJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45
A Brewis (2002)
Social and biological measures of hyperactivity and inattention: are they describing similar underlying constructs of child behavior?Biodemography and Social Biology, 49
MJ Kofler, MD Rapport, J Bolden, DE Sarver, JS Raiker (2010)
ADHD and working memory: the impact of central executive deficits and exceeding storage/rehearsal capacity on observed inattentive behaviorJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38
RA Barkley (2004)
Driving impairments in teens and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderPsychiatry Clinics of North America, 27
AF Hayes (2009)
Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millenniumCommunication Monographs, 76
AR Aron, RA Poldrack (2005)
The cognitive neuroscience of response inhibition: relevance for genetic research in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity DisorderBiological Psychiatry, 57
C Klein, K Wendling, P Huettner, H Ruder, M Peper (2006)
Intra-subject variability in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderBiological Psychiatry, 60
MJ Kofler, MD Rapport, J Bolden, DE Sarver, JS Raiker, R Alderson (2011)
Working memory deficits and social problems in children with ADHDJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39
GC Burgess, BE Depue, L Ruzic, EG Willcutt, YP Du, MT Banich (2010)
Attentional control activation relates to working memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderBiological Psychiatry, 67
N Garon, SE Bryson, IM Smith (2008)
Executive function in preschoolers: a review using an integrative frameworkPsychological Bulletin, 134
D Rodriguez, KP Tercyak, J Audrain-McGovern (2008)
Effects of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms on development of nicotine dependence from mid adolescence to young adulthoodJournal of Pediatric Psychology, 33
A Palili, G Kolaitis, I Vassi, A Veltsista, C Bakoula, A Gika (2011)
Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity – epidemiology and correlations: a nationwide Greek study from birth to 18 yearsJournal of Child Neurology, 26
HL Swanson, K Kim (2007)
Working memory, short-term memory, and naming speed as predictors of children’s mathematical performanceIntelligence, 35
KC Brocki, KD Randall, G Bohlin, KA Kerns (2008)
Working memory in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined type: are deficits modality specific and are they independent of impaired inhibitory control?Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 30
F Levy, DA Hay, M McStephen, C Wood (1997)
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a category or a continuum? Genetic analysis of a large-scale twin studyJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36
J Lipszyc, R Schachar (2010)
Inhibitory control and psychopathology: a meta-analysis of studies using the stop signal taskJournal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16
K Inoue, T Nadaoka, A Oiji, Y Morioka, S Totsuka, Y Kanbayashi (1998)
Clinical evaluation of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by objective quantitative measuresChild Psychiatry and Human Development, 28
BJ Losier, PJ McGrath, RM Klein (1996)
Error patterns of the continuous performance test in non-medicated and medicated samples of children with and without ADHD: a meta-analytic reviewJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37
SH Klee, BD Garfinkel (1983)
The computerized continuous performance task: a new measure of inattentionJournal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11
(2000)
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Impulsivity is a hallmark of two of the three DSM-IV ADHD subtypes and is associated with myriad adverse outcomes. Limited research, however, is available concerning the mechanisms and processes that contribute to impulsive responding by children with ADHD. The current study tested predictions from two competing models of ADHD—working memory (WM) and behavioral inhibition (BI)—to examine the extent to which ADHD-related impulsive responding was attributable to model-specific mechanisms and processes. Children with ADHD (n = 21) and typically developing children (n = 20) completed laboratory tasks that provided WM (domain-general central executive [CE], phonological/visuospatial storage/rehearsal) and BI indices (stop-signal reaction time [SSRT], stop-signal delay, mean reaction time). These indices were examined as potential mediators of ADHD-related impulsive responding on two objective and diverse laboratory tasks used commonly to assess impulsive responding (CPT: continuous performance test; VMTS: visual match-to-sample). Bias-corrected, bootstrapped mediation analyses revealed that CE processes significantly attenuated between-group impulsivity differences, such that the initial large-magnitude impulsivity differences were no longer significant on either task after accounting for ADHD-related CE deficits. In contrast, SSRT partially mediated ADHD-related impulsive responding on the CPT but not VMTS. This partial attenuation was no longer significant after accounting for shared variance between CE and SSRT; CE continued to attenuate the ADHD-impulsivity relationship after accounting for SSRT. These findings add to the growing literature implicating CE deficits in core ADHD behavioral and functional impairments, and suggest that cognitive interventions targeting CE rather than storage/rehearsal or BI processes may hold greater promise for alleviating ADHD-related impairments.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology – Springer Journals
Published: Jan 21, 2012
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.