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New record of Spotstripe snapper, Lutjanus ophuysenii (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Korea

New record of Spotstripe snapper, Lutjanus ophuysenii (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Korea Three specimens of Lutjanus ophuysenii (217.8–226.7 mm in standard length) were collected by a gill net at Korea between August 2015 and July 2016. This species has not previously been recorded from Korea. L. ophuysenii is very similar to Lutjanus vitta. But several morphological characteristics distinguish the two species, including the number of lateral line scales (46–49 scales in L. ophuysenii;49–52 scales in L. vitta), a black spot in the middle part of the longitudinal stripe (present in L. ophuysenii; absent in L. vitta), and the absence of a scale on posterior end of the preopercle in L. ophuysenii (present in L. vitta). The Korean name proposed for L. ophuysenii is “Jeom-jul-tung-dom.” Keywords: Lutjanus ophuysenii, Lutjanidae, Korean fauna, New record Background 2015 and July 2016. On the basis of morphological and The family Lutjanidae in the order Perciformes comprises molecular characteristics, the specimens were identified 17 genera and 185 species worldwide (Nelson 2006), of as Lutjanus ophuysenii, which has not been reported in these, 51 species representing 11 genera occur in Japan Korea. L. ophuysenii is morphologically similar to L. (Nakabo 2013) and 14 species representing 6 genera occur vitta, and this has led to taxonomic confusion. The in Korea (Kim et al. 2015, 2011, 2007, 2005). Members of morphological and molecular characteristics conform the family occur in tropical and subtropical regions of the that the three specimens are L. ophuysenii,and we Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans. And they inhabit the propose a Korean name “Jeom-jul-tung-dom” for the shallow waters around coral reefs to depths of ca. 550 m. species in the Korean fish fauna. The genus Lutjanus occur in the Yellow Sea, the southern East Sea, and the Pacific and Indian oceans. Chyung Methods (1977) and Kim et al. (2005) made morphological descrip- Three specimens collected in Korea between August tion of four species of the genus Lutjanus in Korea: 2015 and July 2016 were identified as L. ophuysenii Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier 1828), Lutjanus vitta (Quoy (Fig. 1). The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and and Gaimard 1824), Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier 1828), then in 70% ethanol. Methods for making counts and and Lutjanus russelli (Bleeker 1849). Recently, Kim et al. measurements followed Allen and Talbot (1985) and (2007) and Kim et al. (2012) reported the occurrence of Hubbs and Lagler (2004), with measurements performed five species previously unrecorded in Korea: Lutjanus to the nearest 0.1 mm by a Vernier caliper. Vertebrae argentimaculatus (Forsskål 1775), Lutjanus fulviflamma were counted from radiographs (Softex HA-100, Japan). (Forsskål 1775), Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch 1790), The specimens were stored at Pukyong National University Lutjanus malabaricus (Schneider 1801), and Lutjanus (PKU 13174 and PKU 58149) and Marine Biodiversity of stellatus (Akazaki 1983). Korea (MABIK PI-00045859). Three specimens representing the genus Lutjanus Genomic DNA was extracted from muscle tissue using were collected in a gill net from Korea between August Chelex 100 resin (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was made by the * Correspondence: taengko@hanmail.net universal primer VF2 (5-TCAACCAACCACAAAGACA Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea TTGGCAC-3) and FishR2 (5-ACTTCAGGGTGACCGA © The Author(s). 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Kim and Kim Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2016) 19:43 Page 2 of 5 Material examined PKU 13174, 1 specimen, 217.8 mm SL, Gadeock-do, Busan, Korea, 3 August 2015, collected by Jin-Koo Kim and Woojun Lee; PKU 58149, 1 specimen, 218.5 mm SL, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 19 July 2016, col- lected by Seoknam Kwak; MABIK PI-00045859 (formerly PKU 55757), 1 specimen, 226.7 mm SL, Gadeock-do, Busan, Korea, 7 September 2015, collected by Jin-Koo Kim and Woojun Lee. Description Dorsal fin rays X, 13; anal fin rays III, 8; pectoral fin rays 15–16; lateral line scales 47–48; horizontal scale rows above and below lateral line scales 8 and 15–17, respect- ively; scale rows on cheek 6; total gill rakers on first gill arch 7 + 13–14; body depth 2.76–2.9; head length 2.67– 2.95, both in SL; snout length 2.81–3.07; eye diameter 4.5–4.72; interorbital distance 3.47–3.74; maxillary length 2.22–2.4; preorbital depth 3.69–3.95, all in head length (Table 1). Body slightly oval; head and tail moderately com- pressed; line connecting mouth and dorsal pin origin gradual; eyes large (21.1–21.9% of head length) and Fig. 1 Photo and illustration of Lutjanus ophuysenii. a Lutjanus ophuysenii, PKU 13174, 217.8 mm SL, Gadeok-do, Busan, Korea. b Head of Lutjanus rounded, located above posterior margin of upper jaw; ophuysenii (PKU 13174) showing the cheek scale distribution upper jaw similar in length to lower jaw; mouth pointed; single row of conical and curved teeth in each jaw; upper teeth larger than lower teeth; vomerine teeth arrow- AGAATCAGAA-3) to amplify the mitochondrial DNA shaped; two pairs of nostrils, located in front of the eye; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (Ivanova et al. anterior nostril slightly long and oval; posterior nostril 2007; Ward et al. 2005). The condition of PCR, purifica- round; notch on posterior margin of preopercle shallow; tion of PCR products, and sequencing were followed by small spine on posterior end of preopercle; preopercle the method of Ji et al. (2016). The sequences were covered with scales, except for posterior end; body cov- aligned using ClustalW (Thompson et al. 1994) in ered with ctenoid scales; base of dorsal and anal soft ray, BioEdit version 7 (Hall 1999). Comparisons were pectoral, and caudal fin covered with scales; caudal fin conducted using the sequences of six species of the slightly emarginated. genus Lutjanus in the National Center for Biological Information database: L. vitta (KP194726, KC970486, Coloration JN208424), L. ophuysenii (LC085448), L. monostigma When fresh, generally light reddish; all fins yellowish; a (JQ350098, JQ350096, JQ350095), L. fulviflamma number of oblique brown stripes above lateral line; (KP194911, KP194573, KP194190), L. quinquelineatus anterior margin of stripe parallel with lateral line; longi- (KP009621, KF714960, KF009620), and L. argentimaculatus tudinal band extending from the eye to caudal peduncle; (KP194776, KF714960, KF714959). Genetic distances were posterior margin of longitudinal band faint; black spot calculated by the Kimura-2-parameter model (Kimura on middle part of longitudinal band; a number of 1980) in MEGA 5 (Tamura et al. 2011). straight lines below longitudinal band. Generally yellowish (including all fins) following fix- Results and discussion ation in formalin; brown oblique stripe above lateral line; Lutjanus ophuysenii (Bleeker 1860) longitudinal band on center of body; black spot on mid- (Korean name: Jeom-jul-tung-dom) (Fig. 1) dle part of longitudinal band; a number of straight lines Mesoprion ophuysenii: Bleeker, 1860: 74 (type locality: below longitudinal band; ventral margin of straight line Benkulen, Sumatra, Indonesia; Nagasaki, Japan) not clear. L. ophuysenii: Iwatsuki et al. 1993: 48 (Japan); Lee and Cheng 1996: 340 (Taiwan); Sadovy and Cornish 2000: Distribution 121 (Hong Kong); Shimizu 2001: 30 (Japan); Nakabo Korea Strait, southern Korea (the present study); southern and Shimada 2013: 918 (Japan) Japan (Iwatsuki et al. 1993); western part of Taiwan (Lee Kim and Kim Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2016) 19:43 Page 3 of 5 Table 1 Comparison of morphological characters of Lutjanus ophuysenii Morphological Lutjanus ophuysenii characters Present study Bleeker (1860) Iwatsuki et al. (1993) Lee and Cheng (1996) Shimada (2013) Number of specimens 3 – 42 25 – Standard length (mm) 217.8–226.7 – 56.5–337.5 182–256 – Counts Dorsal fin rays X, 13 X, 13 X, 12–13 X, 12–13 X, 12–13 Anal fin rays III, 8 III, 8 III, 8 III, 8 III, 8 Pectoral rays 15–16 16 16–17 – 16–17 Lateral line scales 47–48 – 46–49 47–49 46–49 Gill rakers 7 + 13–14 – 6–7+ 13–16 7–8+7–13 – Vertebrae 23 –– – – Standard length Body depth 2.76–2.95 – 2.12–3.17 –– Head length 2.67–2.81 – 2.15–3.31 –– Head length Eye diameter 4.5–5.11 – 3.38–5.74 –– Snout length 2.89–3.07 – 2.78–3.70 –– Interorbital width 3.48–3.74 – 3.57–5.72 –– Maxillary length 2.22–2.4 – 2.07–2.82 –– Preorbital depth 3.69–3.95 – 4.3–7.5 4.61–7.52 – Fig. 2 Neighbor joining tree showing the relationships among six species of the genus Lutjanus including Lutjanus ophuysenii (three Korean specimens and one Japanese specimen). Erythrocles schlegelii was included as an outgroup. Numbers at branches indicate bootstrap probabilities based on 10,000 bootstrap replications. The bar indicates a genetic distance of 0.02 Kim and Kim Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2016) 19:43 Page 4 of 5 Table 2 Comparison of morphological characters between Lutjanus ophuysenii and Lutjanus vitta Morphological L. ophuysenii L. vitta characters Present study Chyung (1977) Iwatsuki et al. (1993) Voucher number PKU 13174 PKU 55759 Standard length (mm) 217.8 226.7 70.0–230.0 Counts Dorsal fin rays X, 13 X, 13 X, 13 X, 12–13 Anal fin rays III, 8 III, 8 III, 7–8 III, 8 Pectoral fin rays 16 15 16–17 16–17 Lateral line scales 47 48 49–53 49–52 Gill rakers 7 + 13 7 + 14 17–22 6–8+10–15 Vertebrae 23 23 –– and Cheng 1996); Hong Kong (Sadovy and Cornish 2000); Chyung (1997) is L. vitta. However, detailed distribu- South China Sea (Wang et al. 2010). tion range of this species will be required for the further research. Remarks To identify the two specimens genetically in detail, we Three specimens collected from Busan, Korea, were analyzed 479 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA COI identified as L. ophuysenii, on the basis of the following gene. The DNA sequences corresponded to those of L. characteristics: dorsal fin rays X, 13; anal fin rays III, 8; ophuysenii from Japan (LC085448) and considerably vomerine teeth arrow-shaped; and black spot on the mid- differed from those of L. vitta (d = 0.066–0.071). Thus, dle part of longitudinal stripe (Table 1). Most measure- the three specimens in the present study were identified ments and morphological characteristics were consistent as L. ophuysenii using both morphological and molecular with the original description (Bleeker 1860) and other methods (Fig. 2). We propose the Korean name “Jeom-jul- studies (Shimada 2013; Lee and Cheng 1996; Iwatsuki tung-dom” for L. ophuysenii in having a distinct black spot et al. 1993), but different slightly from that of Iwatsuki at the middle part of the longitudinal stripe. et al. (1993) with respect to eye diameter and from those of Iwatsuki et al. (1993) and Lee and Cheng (1996) with Conclusion respect to the preorbital depth. These morphometric dif- Three specimens of the genus Lutjanus collected from ferences seem to represent intraspecific variation from the Korea between August 2015 and July 2016 were identi- viewpoint of their genetic correspondence (Fig. 2). fied as L. ophuysenii in having 46–49 lateral line scales, a Because L. ophuysenii is very similar to L. vitta, Allen distinct black spot at the middle part of the longitudinal and Talbot (1985) considered that they were the same stripe, and a scale at the posterior end of the preopercle. species. However, Iwatsuki et al. (1993) proposed taxo- An analysis of 479 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA nomic characteristics that can distinguish the two spe- COI gene showed that sequences corresponded to those cies. Our specimens were distinguished from L. vitta by of L. ophuysenii from Japan. the number of lateral line scales (46–49 in L. ophuysenii, Abbreviations 49–52 in L. vitta), the occurrence of a black spot at the COI: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; d: Genetic distance; PCR: Polymerase middle part of the longitudinal stripe (present in chain reaction L.ophuysenii, absent in L. vitta), and the occurrence of a scale at the posterior end of the preopercle (absent in L. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Marine Fish Resources Bank of Korea ophuysenii, present in L. vitta) (Table 2). In addition, the (MFRBK) under the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea. two species have different distribution ranges (southern East Sea, East China Sea, and Yellow Sea for L. ophuysenii, Funding This work was supported by Marine Fish Resource Bank of Korea (MFRBK). but southern Ryukyu Island, Taiwan, and the Indo-West Pacific for L.vitta) (Iwatsuki et al. 1993). L. vitta was first Availability of data and materials reported in Korea by Chyung (1977), being inconsistent All datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the with the distribution of L. vitta already mentioned by corresponding author on reasonable request. Iwatsuki et al. (1993). The illustrations and descriptions of Authors’ contributions Chyung’s (1977) L. vitta, such as the absence of a spot on HNK performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. JKK suggested the longitudinal stripe and the number of lateral line all the aspects of the study design and commented on the earlier drafts of scales (49–53), confirm that the species reported by the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Kim and Kim Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2016) 19:43 Page 5 of 5 Competing interests Wang ZD, Guo YS, Tan W, Li L, Tang EP, Liu CW, Liu Y. DNA barcoding, The authors declare that they have no competing interests. phylogenetic relationships and speciation of snappers (genus Lutjanus). Sci China Life Sci. 2010;53:1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-010-4034-0. First Record of the Green Jobfish, Aprion virescens (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) Consent for publication from Korea. Not applicable. Ward RD, Zemlac TC, Innes BH, Last PR, Hebert PDN. DNA barcoding Australia’s fish species. Philos Trans Biol Sci. 2005;360:1847–57. Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Received: 12 August 2016 Accepted: 2 December 2016 References Allen GR, Talbot FH. Review of the snappers of the genus Lutjanus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) from the Indo-Pacific, with the description of a new species. Indo-Pac Fishes. 1985;11:76–7. Bleeker P. Achtste bijdrage tot de kennis der vischfauna van Sumatra (Visschen van Benkoelen, Priaman, Tandjong, Palembang en Djambi). Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae. 1860;8:1–88. Chyung MK. The fishes of Korea. Seoul: Ilchisa; 1977. p. 317–36. Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 1999;41:95–8. Hubbs CL, Lagler KF. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Revisedth ed. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; 2004. p. 332. Ivanova NV, Zemlak TS, Hanner RH, Hebert PDN. Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding. Mol Ecol Notes. 2007;7:544–8. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01748.x. Iwatsuki Y, Akazaki M, Yoshino T. Validity of a lutjanid fish, Lutjanus ophuysenii (Bleeker) with a related species, L. vitta (Quoy et Gaimard). Japan J Ichthyol. 1993;40:47–59. Ji HS, Kim JK, Kim BJ. Molecular phylogeny of the families Pleuronectidae and Poecilopsettidae (PISCES, Pleuronectiformes) from Korea, with a proposal for a new classification. Ocean Sci J. 2016;51:299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s12601-016-0026-8. Kim IS, Choi Y, Lee CL, Lee YJ, Kim BJ, Kim JH. Illustratied book of Korean fishes. Seoul: Kyohak Publishing Co; 2005. p. 320–2. Kim BJ, Nakaya K, Endo H. Three juvenile snappers of the genus Lutjanus (Perciformes Lutjanidae) collected from Jeju Island, Korea. J Fish Sci Technol. 2007;10:68–73. Kim JS, Kim BY, Song CB. First record of the green jobfish, Aprion virescens (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Korea. Korean J Ichthyol. 2011;23:310–3. Kim MJ, Kim BY, Kim JS, Song CB. Two unrecorded species of the snapper (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) collected from Jeju Island. Korea Fish Aquat Sci. 2012;15:313–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/FAS.2012.0313. Kim MJ, Mun TS, Lee JH, Choi YM, Song CB. New record of the chinamanfish, Symphorus nematophorus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Korea. Korean J Ichthyol. 2015;27:149–52. Kimura M. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol. 1980;16:111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581. Lee SC, Cheng HL. Genetic difference between two snappers, Lutjanus ophuysenii and L. vitta (Teleostei: Lutjanidae). Ichthyol Res. 1996;43:340–4. Nakabo T, Shimada K. Lutjanidae. In: Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. Thirdth ed. Tokyo: Tokai Univ Press; 2013. p. 819–32. Nelson JS. Fishes of the World. 4th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2006. p. 366. Sadovy Y, Cornish AS. Reef fishes of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Univ Press; Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central 2000. p. 1–321 and we will help you at every step: Shimizu T. An annotated list of the coastal fishes from Iyo city, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. Bull Tokushima Prefectural Mus. 2001;11:17–99. http://dx.doi.org/10. • We accept pre-submission inquiries 1007/BF02347607. � Our selector tool helps you to find the most relevant journal Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: molecular � We provide round the clock customer support evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28:2731–9. � Convenient online submission http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121. � Thorough peer review Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of � Inclusion in PubMed and all major indexing services progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. � Maximum visibility for your research 1994;22:4673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673. Submit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral.com/submit http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Springer Journals

New record of Spotstripe snapper, Lutjanus ophuysenii (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) from Korea

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , Volume 19 (1) – Dec 12, 2016

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Life Sciences; Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management; Marine & Freshwater Sciences; Zoology; Animal Ecology
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Abstract

Three specimens of Lutjanus ophuysenii (217.8–226.7 mm in standard length) were collected by a gill net at Korea between August 2015 and July 2016. This species has not previously been recorded from Korea. L. ophuysenii is very similar to Lutjanus vitta. But several morphological characteristics distinguish the two species, including the number of lateral line scales (46–49 scales in L. ophuysenii;49–52 scales in L. vitta), a black spot in the middle part of the longitudinal stripe (present in L. ophuysenii; absent in L. vitta), and the absence of a scale on posterior end of the preopercle in L. ophuysenii (present in L. vitta). The Korean name proposed for L. ophuysenii is “Jeom-jul-tung-dom.” Keywords: Lutjanus ophuysenii, Lutjanidae, Korean fauna, New record Background 2015 and July 2016. On the basis of morphological and The family Lutjanidae in the order Perciformes comprises molecular characteristics, the specimens were identified 17 genera and 185 species worldwide (Nelson 2006), of as Lutjanus ophuysenii, which has not been reported in these, 51 species representing 11 genera occur in Japan Korea. L. ophuysenii is morphologically similar to L. (Nakabo 2013) and 14 species representing 6 genera occur vitta, and this has led to taxonomic confusion. The in Korea (Kim et al. 2015, 2011, 2007, 2005). Members of morphological and molecular characteristics conform the family occur in tropical and subtropical regions of the that the three specimens are L. ophuysenii,and we Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic oceans. And they inhabit the propose a Korean name “Jeom-jul-tung-dom” for the shallow waters around coral reefs to depths of ca. 550 m. species in the Korean fish fauna. The genus Lutjanus occur in the Yellow Sea, the southern East Sea, and the Pacific and Indian oceans. Chyung Methods (1977) and Kim et al. (2005) made morphological descrip- Three specimens collected in Korea between August tion of four species of the genus Lutjanus in Korea: 2015 and July 2016 were identified as L. ophuysenii Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier 1828), Lutjanus vitta (Quoy (Fig. 1). The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and and Gaimard 1824), Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier 1828), then in 70% ethanol. Methods for making counts and and Lutjanus russelli (Bleeker 1849). Recently, Kim et al. measurements followed Allen and Talbot (1985) and (2007) and Kim et al. (2012) reported the occurrence of Hubbs and Lagler (2004), with measurements performed five species previously unrecorded in Korea: Lutjanus to the nearest 0.1 mm by a Vernier caliper. Vertebrae argentimaculatus (Forsskål 1775), Lutjanus fulviflamma were counted from radiographs (Softex HA-100, Japan). (Forsskål 1775), Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch 1790), The specimens were stored at Pukyong National University Lutjanus malabaricus (Schneider 1801), and Lutjanus (PKU 13174 and PKU 58149) and Marine Biodiversity of stellatus (Akazaki 1983). Korea (MABIK PI-00045859). Three specimens representing the genus Lutjanus Genomic DNA was extracted from muscle tissue using were collected in a gill net from Korea between August Chelex 100 resin (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was made by the * Correspondence: taengko@hanmail.net universal primer VF2 (5-TCAACCAACCACAAAGACA Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea TTGGCAC-3) and FishR2 (5-ACTTCAGGGTGACCGA © The Author(s). 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Kim and Kim Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2016) 19:43 Page 2 of 5 Material examined PKU 13174, 1 specimen, 217.8 mm SL, Gadeock-do, Busan, Korea, 3 August 2015, collected by Jin-Koo Kim and Woojun Lee; PKU 58149, 1 specimen, 218.5 mm SL, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 19 July 2016, col- lected by Seoknam Kwak; MABIK PI-00045859 (formerly PKU 55757), 1 specimen, 226.7 mm SL, Gadeock-do, Busan, Korea, 7 September 2015, collected by Jin-Koo Kim and Woojun Lee. Description Dorsal fin rays X, 13; anal fin rays III, 8; pectoral fin rays 15–16; lateral line scales 47–48; horizontal scale rows above and below lateral line scales 8 and 15–17, respect- ively; scale rows on cheek 6; total gill rakers on first gill arch 7 + 13–14; body depth 2.76–2.9; head length 2.67– 2.95, both in SL; snout length 2.81–3.07; eye diameter 4.5–4.72; interorbital distance 3.47–3.74; maxillary length 2.22–2.4; preorbital depth 3.69–3.95, all in head length (Table 1). Body slightly oval; head and tail moderately com- pressed; line connecting mouth and dorsal pin origin gradual; eyes large (21.1–21.9% of head length) and Fig. 1 Photo and illustration of Lutjanus ophuysenii. a Lutjanus ophuysenii, PKU 13174, 217.8 mm SL, Gadeok-do, Busan, Korea. b Head of Lutjanus rounded, located above posterior margin of upper jaw; ophuysenii (PKU 13174) showing the cheek scale distribution upper jaw similar in length to lower jaw; mouth pointed; single row of conical and curved teeth in each jaw; upper teeth larger than lower teeth; vomerine teeth arrow- AGAATCAGAA-3) to amplify the mitochondrial DNA shaped; two pairs of nostrils, located in front of the eye; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) (Ivanova et al. anterior nostril slightly long and oval; posterior nostril 2007; Ward et al. 2005). The condition of PCR, purifica- round; notch on posterior margin of preopercle shallow; tion of PCR products, and sequencing were followed by small spine on posterior end of preopercle; preopercle the method of Ji et al. (2016). The sequences were covered with scales, except for posterior end; body cov- aligned using ClustalW (Thompson et al. 1994) in ered with ctenoid scales; base of dorsal and anal soft ray, BioEdit version 7 (Hall 1999). Comparisons were pectoral, and caudal fin covered with scales; caudal fin conducted using the sequences of six species of the slightly emarginated. genus Lutjanus in the National Center for Biological Information database: L. vitta (KP194726, KC970486, Coloration JN208424), L. ophuysenii (LC085448), L. monostigma When fresh, generally light reddish; all fins yellowish; a (JQ350098, JQ350096, JQ350095), L. fulviflamma number of oblique brown stripes above lateral line; (KP194911, KP194573, KP194190), L. quinquelineatus anterior margin of stripe parallel with lateral line; longi- (KP009621, KF714960, KF009620), and L. argentimaculatus tudinal band extending from the eye to caudal peduncle; (KP194776, KF714960, KF714959). Genetic distances were posterior margin of longitudinal band faint; black spot calculated by the Kimura-2-parameter model (Kimura on middle part of longitudinal band; a number of 1980) in MEGA 5 (Tamura et al. 2011). straight lines below longitudinal band. Generally yellowish (including all fins) following fix- Results and discussion ation in formalin; brown oblique stripe above lateral line; Lutjanus ophuysenii (Bleeker 1860) longitudinal band on center of body; black spot on mid- (Korean name: Jeom-jul-tung-dom) (Fig. 1) dle part of longitudinal band; a number of straight lines Mesoprion ophuysenii: Bleeker, 1860: 74 (type locality: below longitudinal band; ventral margin of straight line Benkulen, Sumatra, Indonesia; Nagasaki, Japan) not clear. L. ophuysenii: Iwatsuki et al. 1993: 48 (Japan); Lee and Cheng 1996: 340 (Taiwan); Sadovy and Cornish 2000: Distribution 121 (Hong Kong); Shimizu 2001: 30 (Japan); Nakabo Korea Strait, southern Korea (the present study); southern and Shimada 2013: 918 (Japan) Japan (Iwatsuki et al. 1993); western part of Taiwan (Lee Kim and Kim Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2016) 19:43 Page 3 of 5 Table 1 Comparison of morphological characters of Lutjanus ophuysenii Morphological Lutjanus ophuysenii characters Present study Bleeker (1860) Iwatsuki et al. (1993) Lee and Cheng (1996) Shimada (2013) Number of specimens 3 – 42 25 – Standard length (mm) 217.8–226.7 – 56.5–337.5 182–256 – Counts Dorsal fin rays X, 13 X, 13 X, 12–13 X, 12–13 X, 12–13 Anal fin rays III, 8 III, 8 III, 8 III, 8 III, 8 Pectoral rays 15–16 16 16–17 – 16–17 Lateral line scales 47–48 – 46–49 47–49 46–49 Gill rakers 7 + 13–14 – 6–7+ 13–16 7–8+7–13 – Vertebrae 23 –– – – Standard length Body depth 2.76–2.95 – 2.12–3.17 –– Head length 2.67–2.81 – 2.15–3.31 –– Head length Eye diameter 4.5–5.11 – 3.38–5.74 –– Snout length 2.89–3.07 – 2.78–3.70 –– Interorbital width 3.48–3.74 – 3.57–5.72 –– Maxillary length 2.22–2.4 – 2.07–2.82 –– Preorbital depth 3.69–3.95 – 4.3–7.5 4.61–7.52 – Fig. 2 Neighbor joining tree showing the relationships among six species of the genus Lutjanus including Lutjanus ophuysenii (three Korean specimens and one Japanese specimen). Erythrocles schlegelii was included as an outgroup. Numbers at branches indicate bootstrap probabilities based on 10,000 bootstrap replications. The bar indicates a genetic distance of 0.02 Kim and Kim Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2016) 19:43 Page 4 of 5 Table 2 Comparison of morphological characters between Lutjanus ophuysenii and Lutjanus vitta Morphological L. ophuysenii L. vitta characters Present study Chyung (1977) Iwatsuki et al. (1993) Voucher number PKU 13174 PKU 55759 Standard length (mm) 217.8 226.7 70.0–230.0 Counts Dorsal fin rays X, 13 X, 13 X, 13 X, 12–13 Anal fin rays III, 8 III, 8 III, 7–8 III, 8 Pectoral fin rays 16 15 16–17 16–17 Lateral line scales 47 48 49–53 49–52 Gill rakers 7 + 13 7 + 14 17–22 6–8+10–15 Vertebrae 23 23 –– and Cheng 1996); Hong Kong (Sadovy and Cornish 2000); Chyung (1997) is L. vitta. However, detailed distribu- South China Sea (Wang et al. 2010). tion range of this species will be required for the further research. Remarks To identify the two specimens genetically in detail, we Three specimens collected from Busan, Korea, were analyzed 479 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA COI identified as L. ophuysenii, on the basis of the following gene. The DNA sequences corresponded to those of L. characteristics: dorsal fin rays X, 13; anal fin rays III, 8; ophuysenii from Japan (LC085448) and considerably vomerine teeth arrow-shaped; and black spot on the mid- differed from those of L. vitta (d = 0.066–0.071). Thus, dle part of longitudinal stripe (Table 1). Most measure- the three specimens in the present study were identified ments and morphological characteristics were consistent as L. ophuysenii using both morphological and molecular with the original description (Bleeker 1860) and other methods (Fig. 2). We propose the Korean name “Jeom-jul- studies (Shimada 2013; Lee and Cheng 1996; Iwatsuki tung-dom” for L. ophuysenii in having a distinct black spot et al. 1993), but different slightly from that of Iwatsuki at the middle part of the longitudinal stripe. et al. (1993) with respect to eye diameter and from those of Iwatsuki et al. (1993) and Lee and Cheng (1996) with Conclusion respect to the preorbital depth. These morphometric dif- Three specimens of the genus Lutjanus collected from ferences seem to represent intraspecific variation from the Korea between August 2015 and July 2016 were identi- viewpoint of their genetic correspondence (Fig. 2). fied as L. ophuysenii in having 46–49 lateral line scales, a Because L. ophuysenii is very similar to L. vitta, Allen distinct black spot at the middle part of the longitudinal and Talbot (1985) considered that they were the same stripe, and a scale at the posterior end of the preopercle. species. However, Iwatsuki et al. (1993) proposed taxo- An analysis of 479 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA nomic characteristics that can distinguish the two spe- COI gene showed that sequences corresponded to those cies. Our specimens were distinguished from L. vitta by of L. ophuysenii from Japan. the number of lateral line scales (46–49 in L. ophuysenii, Abbreviations 49–52 in L. vitta), the occurrence of a black spot at the COI: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; d: Genetic distance; PCR: Polymerase middle part of the longitudinal stripe (present in chain reaction L.ophuysenii, absent in L. vitta), and the occurrence of a scale at the posterior end of the preopercle (absent in L. Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Marine Fish Resources Bank of Korea ophuysenii, present in L. vitta) (Table 2). In addition, the (MFRBK) under the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea. two species have different distribution ranges (southern East Sea, East China Sea, and Yellow Sea for L. ophuysenii, Funding This work was supported by Marine Fish Resource Bank of Korea (MFRBK). but southern Ryukyu Island, Taiwan, and the Indo-West Pacific for L.vitta) (Iwatsuki et al. 1993). L. vitta was first Availability of data and materials reported in Korea by Chyung (1977), being inconsistent All datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the with the distribution of L. vitta already mentioned by corresponding author on reasonable request. Iwatsuki et al. (1993). The illustrations and descriptions of Authors’ contributions Chyung’s (1977) L. vitta, such as the absence of a spot on HNK performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. JKK suggested the longitudinal stripe and the number of lateral line all the aspects of the study design and commented on the earlier drafts of scales (49–53), confirm that the species reported by the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Kim and Kim Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (2016) 19:43 Page 5 of 5 Competing interests Wang ZD, Guo YS, Tan W, Li L, Tang EP, Liu CW, Liu Y. DNA barcoding, The authors declare that they have no competing interests. phylogenetic relationships and speciation of snappers (genus Lutjanus). Sci China Life Sci. 2010;53:1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-010-4034-0. First Record of the Green Jobfish, Aprion virescens (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) Consent for publication from Korea. Not applicable. Ward RD, Zemlac TC, Innes BH, Last PR, Hebert PDN. DNA barcoding Australia’s fish species. Philos Trans Biol Sci. 2005;360:1847–57. Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. 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