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H. Harman (1961)
Modern factor analysis
A. Spector (1961)
Basic Dimensions of the Corporate ImageJournal of Marketing, 25
Jie-Jih Chang (1967)
Relating Preference Data to Multidimensional Scaling Solutions via a Generalization of Coombs Unfolding Model
S. Mulaik (2009)
Foundations of Factor Analysis
J. Kruskal (1964)
Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: A numerical methodPsychometrika, 29
Roger N. Shepard (1962)
The Analysis of Proximities: Multidimensional Scaling with an Unknown Distance FunctionPsychometrika, 27
R. Shepard (1962)
The analysis of proximities: Multidimensional scaling with an unknown distance function. IIPsychometrika, 27
C. Osgood, G. Suci, P. Tannenbaum (1958)
The Measurement of Meaning
J. Kruskal (1964)
Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesisPsychometrika, 29
Victor E. McGee (1968)
EMD: A Fortran IV Program for Nonmetric (Elastic) Multidimensional Data ReductionJournal of Marketing Research, 5
F. Carmone, P. Green (1971)
Multidimensional scaling and related techniques in marketing analysis
Elizabeth Richards (1957)
A Commercial Application of Guttman Attitude Scaling TechniquesJournal of Marketing, 22
Measuring Bank Images: A Comparison of Two Approaches Lester A. Neidell, Ph.D. and Richard D. Teach, Ph.D. Georgia Institute of Technology Corporate interest in attitude research can be well documented (Richards, 1957; Spector, 1961). Spurts of this interest seem to coincide either with the discovery of "new" methodologies or with adoption of a "customer orientation" by industry sectors. A recent flurry of corporate image studies have been carried out by commercial banks, due to the existence of both of the above conditions. First, the development of nonmetric multidimensional scaling procedures provide an alternative to the "traditional" factor analytic approaches. Second, "retail banking" has become more profitable with the rise in home mortgage rates and the acceptance of bank credit cards by both consumers and merchants. This paper describes and contrasts two methodological approaches to corporate image research, principal components factor analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and their application to a bank image study. Bank image studies, like most previously reported corporate studies, principally rely on numeric rating scales or bipolar adjective and adjective phrase scales for data collection. Analysis usually involves some sort of summary statistical measure and a principal components analysis (often generically misnamed as "factor analysis") to
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science – Springer Journals
Published: Mar 1, 1974
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