Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
C. Brophy, B. Ahmed, S. Bayston, A. Arnold, D. Mcgivern, M. Greenstone (1998)
How long should Atrovent be given in acute asthma?Thorax, 53
I. Amirav, M. Newhouse (1997)
Metered-dose inhaler accessory devices in acute asthma: efficacy and comparison with nebulizers: a literature review.Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 151 9
Eitan Kerem, Robert Tibshirani, G. Canny, Lea Bentur, Joe Reisman, Susanna Schuh, Renato Stein, Henry Levison (1990)
Predicting the need for hospitalization in children with acute asthma.Chest, 98 6
A. Coates, S. Ho (1998)
Drug administration by jet nebulizationPediatric Pulmonology, 26
F. Qureshi, J. Pestian, Paris Davis, Arno Zaritsky (1998)
Effect of nebulized ipratropium on the hospitalization rates of children with asthma.The New England journal of medicine, 339 15
D. Cockcroft, V. Swystun (1997)
Effect of single doses of S-salbutamol, R-salbutamol, racemic salbutamol, and placebo on the airway response to methacholine.Thorax, 52
D. Cockcroft, P. O'Byrne, V. Swystun, R. Bhagat (1995)
Regular use of inhaled albuterol and the allergen-induced late asthmatic response.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 96 1
G. Digiulio, Carolyn Kercsmar, S. Krug, S. Alpert, C. Marx (1993)
Hospital treatment of asthma: lack of benefit from theophylline given in addition to nebulized albuterol and intravenously administered corticosteroid.The Journal of pediatrics, 122 3
G Rodrigo, C Rodrigo, C Pollack, A Travers (2001)
Helium-oxygen mixture for nonintubated acute asthma patients [Cochrane Review]Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1
R. Schleimer (1990)
Effects of glucocorticosteroids on inflammatory cells relevant to their therapeutic applications in asthma.The American review of respiratory disease, 141 2 Pt 2
M. Yung, M. South (1998)
Randomised controlled trial of aminophylline for severe acute asthmaArchives of Disease in Childhood, 79
B. Spears (1989)
Should ipratropium bromide be added to beta-agonists in treatment of acute severe asthma?: Higgins RM, Stradling JR, Lane DJ Chest 94:718–722 Aug 1988Annals of Emergency Medicine, 18
P. Program., Third theDiagnosis (1997)
Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma
D. Cockcroft, V. Swystun (1996)
Functional antagonism: tolerance produced by inhaled beta 2 agonists.Thorax, 51
B. Rowe, C. Spooner, F. Ducharme, Jennifer Bretzlaff, G. Bota (2001)
Early emergency department treatment of acute asthma with systemic corticosteroids.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2
P. Adams, V. Benson (1995)
Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, 1994.Vital and health statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey, 193 Pt 1
Joe Reisman, Michele Galdes-Sebalt, Farouk Kazim, G. Canny, Henry Levison (1988)
Frequent administration by inhalation of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in the initial management of severe acute asthma in children.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 81 1
G. Joos, P. Germonpré, R. Pauwels (2000)
Neural mechanisms in asthma.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 30 Suppl 1
J. Garrett, S. Williams, C. Wong, D. Holdaway (1998)
Treatment of acute asthmatic exacerbations with an increased dose of inhaled steroidArchives of Disease in Childhood, 79
F. Qureshi, Arno Zaritsky, Michael Poirier (2001)
Comparative efficacy of oral dexamethasone versus oral prednisone in acute pediatric asthma.The Journal of pediatrics, 139 1
Douglas Beakes (1997)
The use of anticholinergics in asthma.The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, 34 5
L. Mazzoni, R. Naef, I. Chapman, J. Morley (1994)
Hyperresponsiveness of the airways following exposure of guinea-pigs to racemic mixtures and distomers of beta 2-selective sympathomimetics.Pulmonary pharmacology, 7 6
M. Fischl, A. Pitchenik, Laurence Gardner (1981)
An index predicting relapse and need for hospitalization in patients with acute bronchial asthma.The New England journal of medicine, 305 14
Suzanne Schuh, Joseph Reisman, Mohammed Alshehri, Annie Dupuis, Mary Corey, Rita Arseneault, G. Alothman, O. Tennis, G. Canny (2000)
A comparison of inhaled fluticasone and oral prednisone for children with severe acute asthma.The New England journal of medicine, 343 10
S. Mitra, M. Uğur, O. Uğur, H. Goodman, J. Mccullough, H. Yamaguchi (1998)
(S)-Albuterol increases intracellular free calcium by muscarinic receptor activation and a phospholipase C-dependent mechanism in airway smooth muscle.Molecular pharmacology, 53 3
J. Karpel, E. Schacter, C. Fanta, D. Levey, P. Spiro, T. Aldrich, S. Menjoge, T. Witek (1996)
A comparison of ipratropium and albuterol vs albuterol alone for the treatment of acute asthma.Chest, 110 3
G. Rodrigo, C. Rodrigo, C. Pollack, A. Travers (2001)
Helium-oxygen mixture for nonintubated acute asthma patients.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 1
Karen McDowell, Robert Chatburn, Timothy Myers, Mary O'Riordan, Carolyn Kercsmar (1998)
A cost-saving algorithm for children hospitalized for status asthmaticus.Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 152 10
Helen Bloch, Robert Silverman, N. Mancherje, Steven Grant, Liudvikas Jagminas, Steven Scharf (1995)
Intravenous magnesium sulfate as an adjunct in the treatment of acute asthma.Chest, 107 6
D. Bohn, A. Kalloghlian, J. Jenkins, J. Edmonds, G. Barker (1984)
Intravenous salbutamol in the treatment of status asthmaticus in childrenCritical Care Medicine, 12
S. Newman, P. Pellow, M. Clay, S. Clarke (1985)
Evaluation of jet nebulisers for use with gentamicin solution.Thorax, 40
D. Uden, D. Goetz, D. Kohen, Gary Fifield (1985)
Comparison of nebulized terbutaline and subcutaneous epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma.Annals of emergency medicine, 14 3
(1996)
Asthma mortality and hospitalization among children and young adults—United States, 1990–1993MMWR, 45
K. Chou, S. Cunningham, E. Crain (1995)
Metered-dose inhalers with spacers vs nebulizers for pediatric asthma.Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 149 2
Suzanne Schuh, Michael Reider, G. Canny, Emily Pender, Thomas Forbes, Yok Tan, David Bailey, Henry Levison (1990)
Nebulized albuterol in acute childhood asthma: comparison of two doses.Pediatrics, 86 4
M. Everard (1994)
Studies using radiolabelled aerosols in children.Thorax, 49
JC Carl, TR Myers, CM Kercsmar (2001)
Comparison of levalbuterol and racemic albuterol for treatment of acute asthma in pediatric patientsChest, 120
Carlos Rodrigo, G. Rodrigo (1998)
Therapeutic response patterns to high and cumulative doses of salbutamol in acute severe asthma.Chest, 113 3
K. Chapman, P. Verbeek, J. White, A. Rebuck (1991)
Effect of a short course of prednisone in the prevention of early relapse after the emergency room treatment of acute asthma.The New England journal of medicine, 324 12
B. Simon (1982)
An index predicting relapse and need for hospitalization in patients with acute bronchial asthma: Fischl MA, Pitchenik A, Gardner LB N Engl J Med 305:783–789 Oct 1981Annals of Emergency Medicine, 11
Hans Bisgaard, Kim Nielsen (2000)
Bronchoprotection with a leukotriene receptor antagonist in asthmatic preschool children.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 162 1
R. Costello, D. Jacoby, A. Fryer (1998)
Pulmonary neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function in asthma and animal models of hyperreactivity.Thorax, 53 7
Lucian DeNicola, G. Monem, M. Gayle, Niranjan Kissoon (1994)
Treatment of critical status asthmaticus in children.Pediatric clinics of North America, 41 6
E. Mcfadden, N. elSanadi, Lisa Dixon, Maria Takacs, E.Chandler Deal, Karen Boyd, Bette Idemoto, Linda Broseman, James Panuska, Terry Hammons, Brian Smith, Frank Caruso, Christopher McFadden, Laura Shoemaker, Edward Warren, Rana Hejal, Louise Strauss, Ileen Gilbert (1995)
Protocol therapy for acute asthma: therapeutic benefits and cost savings.The American journal of medicine, 99 6
D. Stephanopoulos, R. Monge, K. Schell, Pamela Wyckoff, B. Peterson (1998)
Continuous intravenous terbutaline for pediatric status asthmaticus.Critical care medicine, 26 10
Edward Carter, Craig Webb, D. Moffitt (1996)
Evaluation of heliox in children hospitalized with acute severe asthma. A randomized crossover trial.Chest, 109 5
NI Forge, PH Mountford, MJ O’Doherty (1993)
Quantification of technetium-99m lung radioactivity from planar imagesEur J Nucl Med, 20
L. Ciarallo, Andrew Sauer, Michael Shannon (1996)
Intravenous magnesium therapy for moderate to severe pediatric asthma: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.The Journal of pediatrics, 129 6
N. Lee, G. Rachelefsky, R. Kobayashi, A. Kobayashi, S. Siegel, R. Katz, S. Spector, A. Rohr (1991)
672 Comparison of efficacy and safety of albuterol administered by power-driven nebulizer (PDN) versus metered dose inhaler (MDI) with aerochamber and mask in young children with asthmaThe Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 87
ML Edmonds, CA Camargo, CV Pollack (2000)
Early use of inhaled corticosteroids in the emergency department treatment of acute asthma [Cochrane Review]Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4
Gustavo Rodrigo, Carlos Rodrigo (1998)
Inhaled flunisolide for acute severe asthma.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 157 3 Pt 1
H. Bisgaard (1997)
Delivery of inhaled medication to children.The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, 34 6
N Lee, G Rachelefsky, RH Kobayashi (1991)
Comparison of efficacy and safety of albuterol administered by power-driven nebulizer (PDN) versus metered dose inhaler (MDI) with Aerochamber and mask in young children with acute asthma [abstract]J Allergy Clin Immunol, 87
J. Curtis, M. Mahlmeister, J. Fink, G. Lampe, M. Matthay, M. Stulbarg (1986)
Helium-oxygen gas therapy. Use and availability for the emergency treatment of inoperable airway obstruction.Chest, 90 3
Lillian Sung, CM Osmond, Terry Klassen (1998)
Randomized, controlled trial of inhaled budesonide as an adjunct to oral prednisone in acute asthma.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 5 3
BH Rowe, C Spooner, FM Ducharme (2000)
Early emergency department treatment of acute asthma with systemic corticosteroids [Cochrane Review]Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2
L. Hendeles, M. Weinberger, S. Szefler, Elliot Ellis (1992)
Safety and efficacy of theophylline in children with asthma.The Journal of pediatrics, 120 2 Pt 1
M. Perrin-Fayolle, Paul Blum, J. Morley, M. Grosclaude, M. Chambe (1996)
Differential responses of asthmatic airways to enantiomers of albuterolClinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 14
K. Chapman (1991)
Anticholinergic bronchodilators for adult obstructive airways disease.The American journal of medicine, 91 4A
F. Gürkan, K. Haspolat, M. Boşnak, B. Dikici, O. Derman, A. Ece (1999)
Intravenous magnesium sulphate in the management of moderate to severe acute asthmatic children nonresponding to conventional therapy.European journal of emergency medicine : official journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine, 6 3
Greg Prazar, J. Hyams, P. Hyman, Francine Ducharme, Jeffrey Wagener, Michael Rock, M. McCubbin, Scott Hamilton, Charles Johnson, Richard Ahrens, Eric Simoes, Henry Sondheimer, H. Meissner, R. Welliver, Andrew Kramer, Ross McKinney, George Johnson, Kenneth Stanley, Amy Keller, Karen O’Donnell, Pim Brouwers, Wendy Mitchell, Ram Yogev, Diane Wara, Andrew, Wiznia, L. Mofenson, James McNamara, Stephen Spector (1998)
Randomized controlled trial of ipratropium bromide and frequent low doses of salbutamol in the management of mild and moderate acute pediatric asthma.The Journal of pediatrics, 133 4
L. Strauss, R. Hejal, G. Galan, L. Dixon, E. Mcfadden (1997)
Observations on the effects of aerosolized albuterol in acute asthma.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 155 2
S. Schuh, David Johnson, S. Callahan, G. Canny, H. Levison (1995)
Efficacy of frequent nebulized ipratropium bromide added to frequent high-dose albuterol therapy in severe childhood asthma.The Journal of pediatrics, 126 4
R. Strauss, David Wertheim, Vincent Bonagura, D. Valacer (1994)
Aminophylline therapy does not improve outcome and increases adverse effects in children hospitalized with acute asthmatic exacerbations.Pediatrics, 93 2
C. Emerman, R. Cydulka, E. Mcfadden (1999)
Comparison of 2.5 vs 7.5 mg of inhaled albuterol in the treatment of acute asthma.Chest, 115 1
T. Kudukis, C. Manthous, G. Schmidt, Jesse Hall, M. Wylam (1997)
Inhaled helium-oxygen revisited: effect of inhaled helium-oxygen during the treatment of status asthmaticus in children.The Journal of pediatrics, 130 2
H Milgrom, CP Skoner, G Bensch (2001)
Low-dose levalbuterol in children with asthma: safety and efficacy in comparison with placebo and racemic albuterolJ Allergy Clin Immunol, 108
R. Dockhorn, R. Baumgartner, Jonathan Leff, M. Noonan, K. Vandormael, W. Stricker, D. Weinland, Theodore Reiss (2000)
Comparison of the effects of intravenous and oral montelukast on airway function: a double blind, placebo controlled, three period, crossover study in asthmatic patientsThorax, 55
M. Shrestha, K. Bidadi, S. Gourlay, J. Hayes (1996)
Continuous vs intermittent albuterol, at high and low doses, in the treatment of severe acute asthma in adults.Chest, 110 1
D. Baramki, Jeffrey Koester, Andrea Anderson, L. Borish (2002)
Modulation of T-cell function by (R)- and (S)-isomers of albuterol: anti-inflammatory influences of (R)-isomers are negated in the presence of the (S)-isomer.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 109 3
A. Becker, N. Nelson, F. Simons (1983)
Inhaled salbutamol (albuterol) vs injected epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma in childrenThe Journal of Pediatrics, 102
T. Pisarri, A. Jonzon, H. Coleridge, J. Coleridge (1992)
Vagal afferent and reflex responses to changes in surface osmolarity in lower airways of dogs.Journal of applied physiology, 73 6
Mark Everard, Andrew Clark, A. Milner (1992)
Drug delivery from jet nebulisers.Archives of Disease in Childhood, 67
Nicola Wilson, M. Silverman (1990)
Treatment of acute, episodic asthma in preschool children using intermittent high dose inhaled steroids at home.Archives of Disease in Childhood, 65
M. Hoffmann (1999)
Comparison of 2.5 vs 7.5 mg of inhaled albuterol in the treatment of acute asthma: Emerman CL, Cydulka RK, McFadden ER Chest 115:92–96 January 1999Annals of Emergency Medicine, 33
M. Papo, John Frank, A. Thompson (1993)
A prospective, randomized study of continuous versus intermittent nebulized albuterol for severe status asthmaticus in childrenCritical Care Medicine, 21
G. Monem, N. Kissoon, L. Denicola (1996)
Use of magnesium sulfate in asthma in childhood.Pediatric annals, 25 3
Vincent Chiang, Vincent Chiang, Jeffrey Burns, Jeffrey Burns, Nader Rifai, Nader Rifai, S. Lipshultz, M. Adams, M. Adams, Debra Weiner, Debra Weiner (2000)
Cardiac toxicity of intravenous terbutaline for the treatment of severe asthma in children: a prospective assessment.The Journal of pediatrics, 137 1
Danie Craven, C. Kercsmar, T. Myers, M. O'riordan, Gregory Golonka, Scott Moore (2001)
Ipratropium bromide plus nebulized albuterol for the treatment of hospitalized children with acute asthma.The Journal of pediatrics, 138 1
C. Hung, Der‐Ming Chu, Chih‐Lu Wang, Kuender Yang (1999)
Hypokalemia and salbutamol therapy in asthmaPediatric Pulmonology, 27
H. Milgrom, David Skoner, G. Bensch, K. Kim, R. Claus, R. Baumgartner
Banks ALBUTEROL AND EFFICACY IN COMPARISON WITH PLACEBO AND RACEMIC LOW-DOSE LEVALBUTEROL IN CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA : SAFETY Services
G. Browne, Antonio Penna, X. Phung, M. Soo (1997)
Randomised trial of intravenous salbutamol in early management of acute severe asthma in childrenThe Lancet, 349
G. Geelhoed, Louis Landau, P. Souëf (1994)
Evaluation of SaO2 as a predictor of outcome in 280 children presenting with acute asthma.Annals of emergency medicine, 23 6
Michael Newhouse (1993)
Emergency department management of life-threatening asthma. Are nebulizers obsolete?Chest, 103 3
C. Page, J. Morley (1999)
Contrasting properties of albuterol stereoisomers.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 104 2 Pt 2
Johannes Wildhaber, N. Dore, Joyce Wilson, S. Devadason, Peter LeSouëf (1999)
Inhalation therapy in asthma: nebulizer or pressurized metered-dose inhaler with holding chamber? In vivo comparison of lung deposition in children.The Journal of pediatrics, 135 1
M. Belvisi, C. Stretton, M. Miura, Geert Verleden, S. Tadjkarimi, Magdi Yacoub, P. Barnes (1992)
Inhibitory NANC nerves in human tracheal smooth muscle: a quest for the neurotransmitter.Journal of applied physiology, 73 6
Suzanne Schuh, David Johnson, Derek Stephens, S. Callahan, P. Winders, G. Canny (1999)
Comparison of albuterol delivered by a metered dose inhaler with spacer versus a nebulizer in children with mild acute asthma.The Journal of pediatrics, 135 1
K. Kemper, R. Ritz, M. Benson, Michael Bishop (1991)
Helium‐oxygen mixture in the treatment of postextubation stridor in pediatric trauma patientsCritical Care Medicine, 19
Martin Anderson, M. Svartengren, G. Bylin, K. Philipson, P. Camner (1993)
Deposition in asthmatics of particles inhaled in air or in helium-oxygen.The American review of respiratory disease, 147 3
R. Higgins, J. Stradling, D. Lane (1988)
Should ipratropium bromide be added to beta-agonists in treatment of acute severe asthma?Chest, 94 4
Rose Cc, Murphy Jg, Schwartz Js (1984)
Performance of an Index Predicting the Response of Patients with Acute Bronchial Asthma to Intensive Emergency Department TreatmentThe New England Journal of Medicine, 310
Pediatric asthma prevalence, morbidity, and severity are increasing. Direct costs associated with providing emergency department and inpatient care account for more than 40% of overall dollars spent for this disease in the United States. Physicians in many health care settings may be required to treat a child in severe respiratory distress caused by acute asthma. This article reviews the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of severe asthma exacerbations, or status asthmaticus.
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports – Springer Journals
Published: May 27, 2002
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.