Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
M. Ree (2006)
High performance polyimides for applications in microelectronics and flat panel displaysMacromolecular Research, 14
Jeonghoon Han, Jeoungyeon Hwang, Dae‐Shik Seo, Sang-Keuk Lee, Joon-Ung Lee (2004)
Washing effects on the anchoring energy and surface order parameter on rubbed polymer surfaces containing the trifluoromethyl moietyLiquid Crystals, 31
Katherine Vaughn, M. Sousa, D. Kang, C. Rosenblatt (2007)
Continuous control of liquid crystal pretilt angle from homeotropic to planarApplied Physics Letters, 90
Seungwoon Lee, B. Chae, Hak Kim, Byeongdu Lee, Woo-Young Choi, Seung Kim, T. Chang, M. Ree (2003)
New Clues to the Factors Governing the Perpendicular Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Rubbed Polystyrene Film SurfacesLangmuir, 19
M. Ghosh, K. Mittal (1996)
Polyimides: Fundamentals and Applications
Hyo Kang, Ki-Sun Kwon, D. Kang, Jong‐Chan Lee (2007)
Enhanced, Perpendicular Liquid-Crystal Alignment on Rubbed Films of a Coumarin-Containing PolystyreneMacromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 208
G. Odian (2004)
Radical Chain Polymerization
Hyo Kang, D. Kang, Jong‐Chan Lee (2009)
Liquid crystal alignment property of polystyrene derivatives containing dual photoreactive side groupsPolymer, 50
Jong-Hyun Kim, M. Yoneya, H. Yokoyama (2002)
Tristable nematic liquid-crystal device using micropatterned surface alignmentNature, 420
M. Gu, I. Smalyukh, O. Lavrentovich (2006)
Directed Vertical Alignment Liquid Crystal Display with Fast SwitchingApplied Physics Letters, 88
D. Owens, R. Wendt (1969)
Estimation of the surface free energy of polymersJournal of Applied Polymer Science, 13
Jeoungyeon Hwang, S. Lee, S. Paek, Dae‐Shik Seo (2003)
Tilt Angle Generation for Nematic Liquid Crystal on Blended Homeotropic Polyimide Layer Containing Trifluoromethyl MoietiesJapanese Journal of Applied Physics, 42
H. Ahn, S. Rho, K. Kim, Jong Kim, B. Hwang, Chang Park, H. Baik (2005)
Ion-Beam Induced Liquid Crystal Alignment on Diamond-like Carbon and Fluorinated Diamond-like Carbon Thin FilmsJapanese Journal of Applied Physics, 44
Jae-Hoon Kim, B. Acharya, Satyendra Kumar, K. Ha (1998)
A Method for Liquid Crystal Alignment Using In Situ Ultraviolet Exposure During Imidization of PolyimideApplied Physics Letters, 73
S. Hahm, Taek Lee, T. Chang, J. Jung, W. Zin, M. Ree (2006)
Unusual Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Rubbed Films of Polyimides with Fluorenyl Side GroupsMacromolecules, 39
B. Chae, Seung Kim, Seungwoon Lee, Sang Kim, Woo-Young Choi, Byeongdu Lee, M. Ree, K. Lee, J. Jung (2002)
Surface Morphology, Molecular Reorientation, and Liquid Crystal Alignment Properties of Rubbed Nanofilms of a Well-Defined Brush Polyimide with a Fully Rodlike BackboneMacromolecules, 35
J. Ge, C. Li, G. Xue, I. Mann, D. Zhang, S. Wang, F. Harris, S. Cheng, S. Hong, X. Zhuang, Y. Shen (2001)
Rubbing-induced molecular reorientation on an alignment surface of an aromatic polyimide containing cyanobiphenyl side chains.Journal of the American Chemical Society, 123 24
N. Aerle, A. Tol (1994)
Molecular orientation in rubbed polyimide alignment layers used for liquid-crystal displaysMacromolecules, 27
Y. Yi, M. Nakata, Alexander Martin, N. Clark (2007)
Alignment of liquid crystals by topographically patterned polymer films prepared by nanoimprint lithographyApplied Physics Letters, 90
M. O'Neill, S. Kelly (2000)
Photoinduced surface alignment for liquid crystal displaysJournal of Physics D, 33
Dae‐Shik Seo, S. Kobayashi, M. Nishikawa (1992)
Study of the pretilt angle for 5CB on rubbed polyimide films containing trifluoromethyl moiety and analysis of the surface atomic concentration of F/C(%) with an electron spectroscope for chemical analysisApplied Physics Letters, 61
Hyo Kang, Jin Park, D. Kang, Jong‐Chan Lee (2009)
Liquid crystal alignment property of n‐alkylthiomethyl‐ or n‐alkylsulfonylmethyl‐substituted polystyrenesPolymers for Advanced Technologies, 20
Hyo Kang, D. Kang, Jong‐Chan Lee (2008)
Liquid crystal alignment properties of polystyrene derivatives containing coumarin side groupsLiquid Crystals, 35
Kang-Wook Lee, S. Paek, A. Lien, C. Durning, H. Fukuro (1996)
Microscopic Molecular Reorientation of Alignment Layer Polymer Surfaces Induced by Rubbing and Its Effects on LC Pretilt AnglesMacromolecules, 29
D. Krevelen (1990)
Properties of Polymers
E. A. Grulke (1999)
Polymer Handbook
S. Hahm, Taek Lee, Seung-Woo Lee, Jinhwan Yoon, M. Ree (2006)
Detailed investigation on factors governing liquid crystal alignment on rubbed polystyrene filmsMaterials Science and Engineering B-advanced Functional Solid-state Materials, 132
Seungwoon Lee, Jinhwan Yoon, Hak Kim, Byeongdu Lee, T. Chang, M. Ree (2003)
Effect of Molecular Weight on the Surface Morphology, Molecular Reorientation, and Liquid Crystal Alignment Properties of Rubbed Polystyrene FilmsMacromolecules, 36
O. Yaroshchuk, Y. Zakrevskyy, Satyendra Kumar, J. Kelly, L. Chien, J. Lindau (2004)
Three-dimensional orientational order in the bulk and on the surface of polymer films and its effect on liquid-crystal alignment.Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 69 1 Pt 1
G. Sprokel (1980)
The Physics and Chemistry of Liquid Crystal Devices
A. Schwab, D. Agra, Jae-Hoon Kim, Satyendra Kumar, A. Dhinojwala (2000)
Surface Dynamics in Rubbed Polymer Thin Films Probed with Optical Birefringence MeasurementsMacromolecules, 33
Doseok Kim, M. Oh-e, Yaochun Shen (2001)
Rubbed Polyimide Surface Studied by Sum-Frequency Vibrational SpectroscopyMacromolecules, 34
H. Ahn, Jong Kim, K. Kim, B. Hwang, Jong Kim, H. Baik, Jin Park, D. Kang (2007)
Liquid crystal pretilt angle control using adjustable wetting properties of alignment layersApplied Physics Letters, 90
C. Knill, J. Kennedy (2001)
Polymer handbook (4th Edition)Carbohydrate Polymers, 46
Xiangdan Li, Zhenxin Zhong, S. Lee, G. Ghang, Myong-Hoon Lee (2006)
Liquid Crystal Photoalignment Using Soluble Photosensitive PolyimideJapanese Journal of Applied Physics, 45
Dae‐Shik Seo (2000)
Liquid crystal alignment capabilities on rubbed organic solvent soluble polyimide surfaces with trifluoromethyl moietiesLiquid Crystals, 27
G. Socrates (2001)
Infrared and Raman characteristic group frequencies : tables and charts
Dae‐Shik Seo, S. Kobayashi (1995)
Effect of high pretilt angle for anchoring strength in nematic liquid crystal on rubbed polyimide surface containing trifluoromethyl moietiesApplied Physics Letters, 66
Xiangdan Li, Zhenxin Zhong, S. Lee, G. Ghang, Myong-Hoon Lee (2005)
Liquid-crystal photoalignment by photosensitive fluorinated poly(arylene ether)Applied Physics Letters, 86
Dae‐Shik Seo, Kohta Muroi, T. Isogami, Hideaki Matsuda, Shunsuke Kobayashi (1992)
Polar Anchoring Strength and the Temperature Dependence of Nematic Liquid Crystal (5CB) Aligned on Rubbed Polystyrene FilmsJapanese Journal of Applied Physics, 31
Jianguo Wang, C. Ober (1997)
Self-Organizing Materials with Low Surface Energy: The Synthesis and Solid-State Properties of Semifluorinated Side-Chain IonenesMacromolecules, 30
M. Oh-e, S. Hong, Y. Shen (2002)
Orientations of phenyl sidegroups and liquid crystal molecules on a rubbed polystyrene surfaceApplied Physics Letters, 80
R. Meister, B. Jérôme (1999)
The Conformation of a Rubbed PolyimideMacromolecules, 32
M. Feller, W. Chen, Y. Shen (1991)
Investigation of surface-induced alignment of liquid-crystal molecules by optical second-harmonic generation.Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics, 43 12
G. Odian (2004)
Radical Chain Polymerization, in: Principles of Polymerization
Won Dong, S. Paek (2004)
Chemical structural effects of polyimides on the alignment and electro-optical properties of liquid crystal cellsMacromolecular Research, 12
Hyo Kang, Jin Park, D. Kang, Jong‐Chan Lee (2008)
2-Naphthoxymethyl-Substituted Polystyrenes for Homeotropic Liquid-Crystal Alignment LayersMacromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 209
Hiroto Sato, H. Fujikake, H. Kikuchi, Y. Iino, M. Kawakita, Y. Tsuchiya (2001)
Fluorinated Polymer Alignment Layers Formed at Low Temperature for Plastic-Substrate-Based Liquid Crystal DevicesJapanese Journal of Applied Physics, 40
J. Watts, J. Wolstenholme (1990)
An Introduction to Surface Analysis by XPS and AES
H. Ahn, Jong Kim, B. Hwang, H. Baik, Jin Park, D. Kang (2008)
Structural and chemical characterization of fluorinated amorphous carbon films (a-C:F) as a liquid crystal alignment layerDiamond and Related Materials, 17
P. Chaudhari, J. Lacey, J. Doyle, E. Galligan, S. Lien, A. Callegari, G. Hougham, N. Lang, P. Andry, R. John, Kei-Hsuing Yang, Minhua Lu, C. Cai, J. Speidell, S. Purushothaman, J. Ritsko, M. Samant, J. Stöhr, Y. Nakagawa, Yoshimi Katoh, Y. Saitoh, K. Sakai, Hiroyuki Satoh, S. Odahara, H. Nakano, Johji Nakagaki, Yasuhiko Shiota (2001)
Atomic-beam alignment of inorganic materials for liquid-crystal displaysNature, 411
J. Liu, Zhiwei Li, Ji-Qian Wu, Hongwei Zhou, Fuhui Wang, S. Yang (2002)
New liquid‐crystal alignment agents based on fluorinated polyimides with trifluoromethyl‐substituted benzene or diphenylether in the side chainJournal of Polymer Science Part A, 40
S. Sung, Jong-woo Lee, Hee‐Tak Kim, Jung-Ki Park (2002)
Photo-induced liquid crystal alignment on polyimide containing fluorinated groupsLiquid Crystals, 29
S. Ishihara, Hirofumi Wakemoto, Keizo Nakazima, Y. Matsuo (1989)
The effect of rubbed polymer films on the liquid crystal alignmentLiquid Crystals, 4
Hyo Kang, Tae-Ho Kim, D. Kang, Jong‐Chan Lee (2009)
4-Alkylphenoxymethyl-Substituted Polystyrenes for Liquid Crystal Alignment LayersMacromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 210
S. Ishibashi, Misako Hirayama, T. Matsuura (1993)
Polyimides with Fluorinated Side Chains for Liquid Crystal AlignmentMolecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 225
S. Sung, Hee‐Tak Kim, Jong-woo Lee, Jung-Ki Park (1999)
Photo-induced liquid crystal alignment on polyimide containing fluorine groupSynthetic Metals, 117
Hyo Kang, Jong‐Chan Lee, D. Kang (2009)
The effect of phenoxymethyl side groups on the liquid crystal alignment behavior of polystyrene derivativesMacromolecular Research, 17
K. Takatoh, M. Hasegawa, M. Koden, N. Itoh, R. Hasegawa, M. Sakamoto (2005)
Alignment Technology and Applications of Liquid Crystal Devices
J. Stöhr, M. Samant, A. Cossy-Favre, J. Díaz, Y. Momoi, S. Odahara, T. Nagata (1998)
Microscopic Origin of Liquid Crystal Alignment on Rubbed Polymer SurfacesMacromolecules, 31
Dae‐Shik Seo, Shunsuke Kobayashi (1995)
Effects of High Polymer Concentration for Alignment of Liquid Crystal on Rubbed Polyimide Surfaces Containing Trifluoromethyl MoietiesJapanese Journal of Applied Physics, 34
Jong Kim, Chu Choi, Jinseol Park, S. Jo, B. Hwang, Min Jo, D. Kang, Se Lee, Youn Kim, H. Baik (2008)
Orientational Transition of Liquid Crystal Molecules by a Photoinduced Transformation Process into a Recovery‐free Silicon Oxide LayerAdvanced Materials, 20
Hyo Kang, Jin Park, D. Kang, Jong‐Chan Lee (2009)
Liquid crystal alignment properties of 2-naphthoxymethyl-substituted polystyrenesLiquid Crystals, 36
S. Varghese, S. Narayanankutty, C. Bastiaansen, Gregory Crawford, D. Broer (2004)
Patterned Alignment of Liquid Crystals by μ‐RubbingAdvanced Materials, 16
Y. Lee, Jung Choi, Inu Song, Jae-Min Oh, Minji Yi (2006)
Effect of side chain structure of polyimides on a pretilt angle of liquid crystal cellsPolymer, 47
K. Ichimura (2000)
Photoalignment of Liquid-Crystal Systems.Chemical reviews, 100 5
Yu Tao, Peng Zeng-hui, S. Ruan, Xuan Li (2004)
Effect of the fluorinated groups on nematic liquid crystal alignment on monomer crosslinked filmThin Solid Films, 466
J. Geary, J. Goodby, A. Kmetz, J. Patel (1987)
The mechanism of polymer alignment of liquid‐crystal materialsJournal of Applied Physics, 62
Dae‐Shik Seo, N. Yoshida, S. Kobayashi, M. Nishikawa, Y. Yabe (1995)
Anisotropic Dispersion Force Effects for Alignment of Liquid Crystals on Rubbed Polystyrene SurfacesJapanese Journal of Applied Physics, 34
Abstract The liquid crystal (LC) alignment properties of a series of polystyrene derivatives containing various fluorinated side chain terminal moieties, such as 4-fluorophenoxymethyl, 3,4,5-trifluorophenoxymethyl, pentafluorophenoxymethyl, and 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxymethyl groups, were investigated. These polymers could induce homeotropic and/or homogeneous planar LC alignment on their surfaces by changing the LC molecules and rubbing conditions. For example, when a positive (MJ001929 from Merck) and negative dielectric anisotropic LC mixture (MLC-7026-000 from Merck) were used, homeotropic LC alignment was observed in the LC cells made from unrubbed films of pentafluorophenoxymethyl- and 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxymethyl-substituted polystyrenes with a smaller surface energy, whereas random planar LC alignment was observed in those made from the other polymers with a larger surface energy. On the other hand, homeotropic LC alignment behavior was observed in all the LC cells made from unrubbed films of all the polystyrene derivatives when 5CB was used as the LC material.
"Macromolecular Research" – Springer Journals
Published: Jan 1, 2010
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.