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Les chercheurs contemporains tendent à présenter le mauvais fonctionnement psychosocial dans la schizophrénie comme le résultat de forces biologiques et sociales. Malgré la progression de notre base de connaissances, nous sommes encore dans l’attente de récits complets des dimensions en première personne de la maladie. Ainsi, le risque est de ne pas pouvoir saisir la schizophrénie comme un trouble interrompant la vie de personnes qui doivent continuer à lutter pour trouver et créer de la sécurité et du sens. Alors que la littérature a exploré l’expérience de soi dans la schizophrénie depuis de multiples sources, une limite à la production d’une synthèse plus large et à l’application de ce travail est qu’il reste encore difficile de savoir si, et dans quelle mesure, ces différents points de vue de l’expérience de soi sont compatibles. Pour exposer ce problème, cet article passe en revue six différents types de récit de l’expérience de soi, une dimension fondamentale en première personne de la schizophrénie. Ces six points de vue sont: la psychiatrie classique, la psychiatrie existentielle, la psychanalyse, la phénoménologie, la réhabilitation sociale et la psychologie dialogique. Après avoir comparé et contrasté ces six points de vue, nous concluons qu’il y a un large consensus, bien que partiel, qui suggère que de nombreuses personnes souffrant de schizophrénie s’éprouvent elles-mêmes comme diminuées comparativement à leur « soi » plus ancien, autrement dit, après le début de la maladie, ces personnes font l’expérience d’elles-mêmes comme moins capables de s’engager de façon efficace dans le monde, ce qui accroît leurs angoisses face aux interactions de la vie quotidienne. Cependant, un désaccord significatif existe en ce qui concerne l’émergence et le cours naturel de ces difficultés. Précèdent-elles la maladie ? Est-ce que la guérison est possible et si oui, sous quelles conditions ? En conclusion, nous proposons un programme de recherche pour créer une description plus riche de l’expérience en première personne de la schizophrénie.
PSN – Springer Journals
Published: Nov 24, 2010
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