Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Investigation of compaction, specific gravity, unconfined compressive strength and cbr of a composite having copper slag and rice husk ash mixed using an alkali activator

Investigation of compaction, specific gravity, unconfined compressive strength and cbr of a... This experimental study investigates the compaction and strength properties of a Composite having Copper Slag (CS) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) mixed using an alkali activator (AA). In total 48 different combinations were investigated for their compaction, specific gravity and strength properties of the respective materials with varying percentages of CS, RHA, and AA. The RHA and AA were mixed in different percentages in the range of (5–35%) and (3–9%), respectively, along with the remaining percentage of CS. The alkali activator (AA) is prepared using Sodium Hydroxide (SH) of 10 M (Molarity) and Sodium Silicate (SS) in the ratio of 1:2.5. The maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) are determined using Modified Proctor Compaction (MPC) test and the Pycnometer test was used to determine the specific gravity. The strength parameters have been determined by using the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. It is observed that at constant AA the increase in RHA content reduces the MDD and increases the OMC of all the mixes. An increase in AA content resulted in a decrease in OMC for all the mixes. The values of MDD increase initially up to 6% of AA content and further addition of AA resulted in a decrease in the MDD. Thus, 6% of AA proves to be optimum. The specific gravity values are inversely proportional to the RHA and AA content. Among all the mixes with varying AA content of 3%, 6% and 9% the mixes with a constant 5% of RHA exhibits maximum MDD of about 2.279 g/cc, 2.385 g/cc, and 2.313 g/cc, respectively. The minimum and maximum values for specific gravity were found to be 1.57 and 3.41, respectively. Keeping the AA content constant, an increase in the RHA content up to 25–30% increases the value of UCS. Further addition of RHA resulted in a decrease in the value of UCS. A maximum value of 13.32 MPa of UCS is observed after 28 days of curing at 30% RHA with a constant ratio of AA/base material (B) at 0.20. The strain at the maximum value of UCS is 3.16%. In the CBR tests, a decrease in the addition of AA increased the value of CBR, whereas an increase in the curing period decreased the CBR value. The results of CBR tests have been found in accordance with the MORT&H (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways) specifications. Thus, the developed composite material can be utilized for sub-grade and sub-base layers with different traffic loading conditions. Experimental results are validated using Multi-Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA). Results of the study show that the CS and RHA along with AA can be effectively used in the construction industry at the same time solving the problem of waste disposal and prove to be ecofriendly with low CO2 emission and lesser carbon footprint. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Innovative Infrastructure Solutions Springer Journals

Investigation of compaction, specific gravity, unconfined compressive strength and cbr of a composite having copper slag and rice husk ash mixed using an alkali activator

Download PDF
23 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/springer-journals/investigation-of-compaction-specific-gravity-unconfined-compressive-RkNZiOogOR
Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
ISSN
2364-4176
eISSN
2364-4184
DOI
10.1007/s41062-022-00783-2
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

This experimental study investigates the compaction and strength properties of a Composite having Copper Slag (CS) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) mixed using an alkali activator (AA). In total 48 different combinations were investigated for their compaction, specific gravity and strength properties of the respective materials with varying percentages of CS, RHA, and AA. The RHA and AA were mixed in different percentages in the range of (5–35%) and (3–9%), respectively, along with the remaining percentage of CS. The alkali activator (AA) is prepared using Sodium Hydroxide (SH) of 10 M (Molarity) and Sodium Silicate (SS) in the ratio of 1:2.5. The maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) are determined using Modified Proctor Compaction (MPC) test and the Pycnometer test was used to determine the specific gravity. The strength parameters have been determined by using the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. It is observed that at constant AA the increase in RHA content reduces the MDD and increases the OMC of all the mixes. An increase in AA content resulted in a decrease in OMC for all the mixes. The values of MDD increase initially up to 6% of AA content and further addition of AA resulted in a decrease in the MDD. Thus, 6% of AA proves to be optimum. The specific gravity values are inversely proportional to the RHA and AA content. Among all the mixes with varying AA content of 3%, 6% and 9% the mixes with a constant 5% of RHA exhibits maximum MDD of about 2.279 g/cc, 2.385 g/cc, and 2.313 g/cc, respectively. The minimum and maximum values for specific gravity were found to be 1.57 and 3.41, respectively. Keeping the AA content constant, an increase in the RHA content up to 25–30% increases the value of UCS. Further addition of RHA resulted in a decrease in the value of UCS. A maximum value of 13.32 MPa of UCS is observed after 28 days of curing at 30% RHA with a constant ratio of AA/base material (B) at 0.20. The strain at the maximum value of UCS is 3.16%. In the CBR tests, a decrease in the addition of AA increased the value of CBR, whereas an increase in the curing period decreased the CBR value. The results of CBR tests have been found in accordance with the MORT&H (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways) specifications. Thus, the developed composite material can be utilized for sub-grade and sub-base layers with different traffic loading conditions. Experimental results are validated using Multi-Linear Regression Analysis (MLRA). Results of the study show that the CS and RHA along with AA can be effectively used in the construction industry at the same time solving the problem of waste disposal and prove to be ecofriendly with low CO2 emission and lesser carbon footprint.

Journal

Innovative Infrastructure Solutions – Springer Journals

Published: Apr 1, 2022

Keywords: Compaction; Specific gravity; UCS; Copper slag; Rice husk ash; Alkali activator

References

  • Progress and challenges to the global waste management system
    Singh, J; Laurenti, R; Sinha, R; Frostell, B
  • Characteristics and utilisation of copper slag-a review
    Bipra Gorai, RK; Jana, P
  • Fly ash and kaolinite-based geopolymers: processing and assessment of some geotechnical properties
    Ghosh, P; Kumar, H; Biswas, K
  • Development of alkali-activated cementitious material using copper slag
    Singh, J; Singh, SP
  • Performance of copper slag contained mortars after exposure to elevated temperatures
    Ma, Q; Du, H; Zhou, X
  • Effects of fine content, binder type and porosity on mechanical properties of cemented paste backfill with co-deposition of tailings sand and smelter slag
    Jia, Q; Yang, Q; Guo, L
  • Copper slag waste as a supplementary cementing material to concrete
    Moura, WA; Gonçalves, JP; Lima, MBL
  • An investigation of rheological properties of cement-based grout mixed with rice husk ash (RHA)
    Celik, F; Canakci, H
  • Effect of cement replacement by rice husk ash on soft soil stabilization
    Yoobanpot, N; Jamsawang, P
  • Potential application of heat cured eggshell powder and flyash-based geopolymer in pavement construction
    Shekhawat, P; Sharma, G; Singh, RM
  • Properties of NaOH activated geopolymer with marble, travertine and volcanic tuff wastes
    Tekin, I
  • Strength and microstructure of palm oil fuel ash-fly ash–soft soil geopolymer masonry units
    Sukmak, P; Kunchariyakun, K; Sukmak, G
  • Geopolymerisation kinetics. 1. In situ energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometry
    Provis, JL; van Deventer, JSJ
  • Geopolymerisation kinetics: reaction kinetic modelling
  • Experimental study of the feasibility of using anhydrous sodium metasilicate as a geopolymer activator for soil stabilization
    Yu, J; Chen, Y; Chen, G; Wang, L
  • Polymers for Stabilization of Soft Clay Soils
    Mirzababaei, M; Arulrajah, A; Ouston, M
  • The Effect of polymer-cement stabilization on the unconfined compressive strength of liquefiable soils
    Ateş, A
  • Use of Fly-Ash Geopolymer Incorporating Ground Granulated Slag for Stabilisation of Kaolin Clay Cured at Ambient Temperature
    Abdullah, HH; Shahin, MA; Sarker, P
  • Development of expansive soil geopolymer binders for use in waste containment facility
    Agunwamba, JC; Onyia, ME; Nwonu, DC
  • Influence of rice husk ash, lime and cement on compaction and strength properties of copper slag
    Sharma, K; Kumar, A
  • Engineering properties of copper slag-fly ash–dolime mix and its utilization in the base course of flexible pavements
    Shahu, JT; Patel, S; Senapati, A
  • Utilization of soil stabilization with cement and copper slag as subgrade materials in road embankment construction
    Shahiri, J; Ghasemi, M
  • Strength and microstructure properties of spent coffee grounds stabilized with rice husk ash and slag geopolymers
    Suksiripattanapong, C; Kua, TA; Arulrajah, A
  • Soil stabilization of clay with lignin, rice husk powder and ash
    Canakci, H; Aziz, A; Celik, F
  • Performance evaluation of cement-stabilized pond ash-rice husk ash-clay mixture as a highway construction material
    Gupta, D; Kumar, A
  • Utilization of industrial waste—based geopolymers as a soil stabilizer—a review
    Sharma, K; Kumar, A
  • The influence of geopolymer for laterite soil with different compaction effort as a soil liner
    Mukri, M; Ab Aziz, NNSN
  • Effects of cement-rice husk ash mixtures on geotechnical properties of lateritic soils
    Rahman, MA
  • Geotechnical properties of a chemically stabilized soil from Malaysia with rice husk ash as an additive
    Ali, FH; Adnan, A; Choy, CK
  • Regression model for prediction of optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight of fine grained soil
    Bera, AK; Ghosh, A
  • Behavior of cement-stabilized fiber-reinforced pond ash, rice husk ash-soil mixtures
    Kumar, A; Gupta, D