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Genome Analysis of Two Lichen Bacteriobionts, Lichenibacterium ramalinae and Lichenibacterium minor: Toxin‒Antitoxin Systems and Secretion Proteins

Genome Analysis of Two Lichen Bacteriobionts, Lichenibacterium ramalinae and Lichenibacterium... The genomes of two bacteriobionts of the fruticose lichen Ramalina pollinaria, Lichenibacterium ramalinae and L. minor, were analyzed. Genetic determinants potentially determining the integration and adaptation of these bacteria in the lichen thallus were identified. This is the first report on assessment of genetic determinants of the stress reaction factors and secretion systems of lichen bacteriobionts. The genes encoding the proteins of the VapCB toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems exhibited >60% homology with the genes of the known plant symbionts Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Agrobacterium, Mesorhizobium, and Ralstonia, as well as with those of a human pathogen Bartonella. The genes encoding the proteins of type II secretion system were found in the genomes of both species. The genes encoding type IV secretion proteins were found only in the genome of L. ramalinae; they were homologous to those of epiphytic Methylobacterium, plant pathogens Agrobacterium, and plant root symbionts Rhizobium and Neorhizobium. Homology between the genes encoding TA system and secretion system proteins and the genes of plant-associated bacteria was over 60%. This may indicate that green algae are the main target for invasion. Detection of the urease synthesis genes in the genomes of lichen bacteriobionts suggested the hypothesis that urea decomposition results in an additional supply of ammonium and bicarbonate to the symbiosis. The latter may potentially be utilized by phototrophic eukaryotes and prokaryotes as an additional carbon source. Analysis of the genomes of lichen bacteriobionts L. ramalinae and L. minor revealed the possible differences in their survival strategies, with L. ramalinae more integrated into the symbiosis, while L. minor is characterized by more autonomous features. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Microbiology Springer Journals

Genome Analysis of Two Lichen Bacteriobionts, Lichenibacterium ramalinae and Lichenibacterium minor: Toxin‒Antitoxin Systems and Secretion Proteins

Pankratov, T. A.; Nikitin, P. A.; Patutina, E. O.
Microbiology , Volume 91 (2) – Apr 1, 2022
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References (41)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2022. ISSN 0026-2617, Microbiology, 2022, Vol. 91, No. 2, pp. 160–172. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2022. Russian Text © The Author(s), 2022, published in Mikrobiologiya, 2022, Vol. 91, No. 2, pp. 191–203.
ISSN
0026-2617
eISSN
1608-3237
DOI
10.1134/s0026261722020096
Publisher site
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Abstract

The genomes of two bacteriobionts of the fruticose lichen Ramalina pollinaria, Lichenibacterium ramalinae and L. minor, were analyzed. Genetic determinants potentially determining the integration and adaptation of these bacteria in the lichen thallus were identified. This is the first report on assessment of genetic determinants of the stress reaction factors and secretion systems of lichen bacteriobionts. The genes encoding the proteins of the VapCB toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems exhibited >60% homology with the genes of the known plant symbionts Bradyrhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Agrobacterium, Mesorhizobium, and Ralstonia, as well as with those of a human pathogen Bartonella. The genes encoding the proteins of type II secretion system were found in the genomes of both species. The genes encoding type IV secretion proteins were found only in the genome of L. ramalinae; they were homologous to those of epiphytic Methylobacterium, plant pathogens Agrobacterium, and plant root symbionts Rhizobium and Neorhizobium. Homology between the genes encoding TA system and secretion system proteins and the genes of plant-associated bacteria was over 60%. This may indicate that green algae are the main target for invasion. Detection of the urease synthesis genes in the genomes of lichen bacteriobionts suggested the hypothesis that urea decomposition results in an additional supply of ammonium and bicarbonate to the symbiosis. The latter may potentially be utilized by phototrophic eukaryotes and prokaryotes as an additional carbon source. Analysis of the genomes of lichen bacteriobionts L. ramalinae and L. minor revealed the possible differences in their survival strategies, with L. ramalinae more integrated into the symbiosis, while L. minor is characterized by more autonomous features.

Journal

Microbiology – Springer Journals

Published: Apr 1, 2022

Keywords: Lichenibacterium; genome analysis; virulence; adaptation; lichens

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