Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Full-length characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 virus isolated from broilers in Iran during 1998–2007

Full-length characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 virus... H9N2 avian influenza A viruses (AIV) have become panzootic in Eurasia over the last decade and are endemic in Iran since 1998, and inactivated vaccine has been used in chickens to control the disease. The hemagglutinin (HA), one of eight protein-coding genes, plays an important role during the early stage of infection. To study their evolution and zoonotic potential, we conducted an in silico analysis of H9N2 viruses that have infected broiler in Tehran Province, Iran between 1998 and 2007. The complete coding region of HA genes from nine H9N2 subtypes isolated from chicken flocks in Tehran Province during 1998–2007 was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies of H9N2 subtype viruses on the basis of data of 9 viruses in this study and 30 selected strains are available in the GenBank. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed a large number of similar substitution mutations and close evolutionary relation among sequences of HA. The isolates possessed two types of amino acid motif –R–S-S-R/G-L- and -R-S-N-R/G-L- at the cleavage site of HA. The results showed that all nine representative H9N2 isolates belong to low pathogenic AIVs since none of the amino acid sequences at the cleavage site of the HA of the isolates possessed the basic motif required for highly pathogenic viruses (R-X-R/K-R). Six out of these nine isolates possessed leucine at position 226, which prevails in the sequences found in human strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all our isolates belonged to the G1-like sublineage. Also, these isolates showed some degree of homology with other H9N2 isolates, e.g., 89.46–93.93.39% with qu/HK/G1/97 and 93.39–98.39% with pa/Narita/92A/98. The available evidence indicates that HA genes of H9 influenza virus circulating in Iran during the past years were not well conserved. Our finding emphasizes the importance of reinforcing AIV surveillance, especially after the emergence of high pathogenicity in poultry in Iran. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Comparative Clinical Pathology Springer Journals

Full-length characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 virus isolated from broilers in Iran during 1998–2007

Download PDF
10 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/springer-journals/full-length-characterization-and-phylogenetic-analysis-of-b1zvpTvyHG
Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by Springer-Verlag London Limited
Subject
Medicine & Public Health; Pathology; Hematology; Oncology
eISSN
1618-565X
DOI
10.1007/s00580-012-1405-x
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

H9N2 avian influenza A viruses (AIV) have become panzootic in Eurasia over the last decade and are endemic in Iran since 1998, and inactivated vaccine has been used in chickens to control the disease. The hemagglutinin (HA), one of eight protein-coding genes, plays an important role during the early stage of infection. To study their evolution and zoonotic potential, we conducted an in silico analysis of H9N2 viruses that have infected broiler in Tehran Province, Iran between 1998 and 2007. The complete coding region of HA genes from nine H9N2 subtypes isolated from chicken flocks in Tehran Province during 1998–2007 was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies of H9N2 subtype viruses on the basis of data of 9 viruses in this study and 30 selected strains are available in the GenBank. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed a large number of similar substitution mutations and close evolutionary relation among sequences of HA. The isolates possessed two types of amino acid motif –R–S-S-R/G-L- and -R-S-N-R/G-L- at the cleavage site of HA. The results showed that all nine representative H9N2 isolates belong to low pathogenic AIVs since none of the amino acid sequences at the cleavage site of the HA of the isolates possessed the basic motif required for highly pathogenic viruses (R-X-R/K-R). Six out of these nine isolates possessed leucine at position 226, which prevails in the sequences found in human strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all our isolates belonged to the G1-like sublineage. Also, these isolates showed some degree of homology with other H9N2 isolates, e.g., 89.46–93.93.39% with qu/HK/G1/97 and 93.39–98.39% with pa/Narita/92A/98. The available evidence indicates that HA genes of H9 influenza virus circulating in Iran during the past years were not well conserved. Our finding emphasizes the importance of reinforcing AIV surveillance, especially after the emergence of high pathogenicity in poultry in Iran.

Journal

Comparative Clinical Pathology – Springer Journals

Published: Jan 21, 2012

References

  • Characterization of avian H9N2 influenza viruses from United Arab Emirates 2000 to 2003
    Aamir, UB; Wernery, U; Ilyushina, N; Webster, RG
  • A review of avian influenza in different bird species
    Alexander, DJ
  • Phylogenetic analysis of H7 haemagglutinin subtype influenza A viruses
    Banks, J; Speidel, E; McCauley, J; Alexander, D
  • Comparative sequence, antigenic and phylogenetic analysis of avian influenza (H9N2) surface proteins isolated in Pakistan between 1999 and 2008
    Butt, AM; Siddique, S; Tahir, S
  • Avian influenza and Newcastle disease: a field and laboratory manual
    Capua, I; Alexander, DJ
  • MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software—version 4.0
    Dudley, K; Nei, M; Kumar, S
  • Avian influenza virus monitoring in wintering waterbirds in Iran, 2003–2007
    Fereidouni, SR; Werner, O; Starick, E
  • Fields virology, vols 1 and 2
    Fields, BN; Knipe, DM; Howley, PM
  • Glycosylation requirements for intracellular transport and function of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus
    Gallagher, P; Henneberry, J
  • Genetic analysis of hemagglutinin protein of H9N2 isolated from live bird markets in Tehran Province in 2007–2008
    Ghadi, S; Bozorgmehri-Fard, M; Karimi, V
  • Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the “internal” genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong?
    Guan, Y; Shortridge, KF; Krauss, S; Webster, RG
  • Characterization of hemagglutinin gene of influenza A virus subtype H9N2
    Guo, Y; Dong, J; Wang, M
  • Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses
    Hoffmann, E; Stech, J; Guan, Y
  • Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin genes of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from commercial chickens in Iran
    Homayounimehr, AR; Dadras, H; Shoushtari, A; Pourbakhsh, SA
  • Avian influenza virus infections. I. Characteristics of influenza A/Turkey/Wisconsin/1966 virus
    Homme, P; Easterday, B
  • Novel genotypes of H9N2 influenza A viruses isolated from poultry in Pakistan containing NS genes similar to highly pathogenic H7N3 and H5N1 viruses
    Iqbal, M; Yaqub, T; Reddy, K; McCauley, JW
  • Poultry diseases
    Jordan, F
  • Amino acid sequence analysis of hemagglutinin protein of H9N2 isolated from broilers in Tehran in 2007
    Karimi, V; Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, A; Fard, MHB; Mahboudi, F; Barin, A; Kheiri, MT
  • Sequence analysis and phylogenetic study of hemagglutinin Gene of H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus isolated during 1998–2002 in Iran
    Karimi, V; Fard, MHB; Shahbazzadeh, D
  • Pathogencitiy and haemagglutinin gene sequence analysis of Iranian avian influenza H9N2 viruses isolated during 1998–2001
    Kianizadeh, M; Pourbakhch, SA; Toroghi, R; Momayez, R
  • Molecular epizootiology of recurrent low pathogenic avian influenza by H9N2 subtype virus in Korea
    Kwon, H-J; Cho, S-H; Kim, M-C
  • Molecular epizootiology of recurrent low pathogenic avian influenza by H9N2 subtype virus in Korea
    Kwon, HJ; Cho, SH; Kim, MC
  • Genetic conservation of hemagglutinin gene of H9 influenza virus in chicken population in Mainland China
    Liu, J-H; Okazaki, K; Mweene, A
  • Phylogenetic analysis of eight genes of H9N2 subtype influenza virus: a mainland China strain possessing early isolates’ genes that have been circulating
    Lu, J-H; Liu, X-F; Shao, W-X
  • H9N2 influenza A viruses from poultry in Asia have human virus-like receptor specificity
    Matrosovich, MN; Krauss, S; Webster, RG
  • Evaluation of H9N2 avian influenza virus dissemination in various organs of experimentally infected broiler chickens using RT-PCR
    Mosleh, N; Dadras, H; Mohammadi, A
  • Avian influenza (H9N2) outbreak in Iran
    Nili, H; Asasi, K
  • Natural cases and an experimental study of H9N2 avian influenza in commercial broiler chickens of Iran
    Nili, H; Asasi, K
  • Influenza A H9N2: aspects of laboratory diagnosis
    Peiris, M; Yam, W; Chan, K
  • Human infection with influenza H9N2
    Peiris, M; Yuen, K; Leung, C
  • Genetic characterization of the H9N2 influenza viruses circulated in the poultry population in Israel
    Perk, S; Banet-Noach, C; Shihmanter, E
  • Ecology and molecular epidemiology of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in Israel during 2000–2004 epizootic
    Perk, S; Panshin, A; Shihmanter, E
  • Molecular cloning
    Sambrook, J; Fritsch, EF; Maniatis, T
  • Mortality of wild swans associated with naturally infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in Iran
    Shoushtari, A; Hablolvarid, M; Vascellari, M; Hedayati, A
  • Glycosylation site alteration in the evolution of influenza A (H1N1) viruses
    Sun, S; Wang, Q; Zhao, F
  • Avian influenza
    Swayne, DE
  • A laboratory manual for the isolation and identification of avian pathogens
    Swayne, DE; Glisson, JR; Jackwood, MW
  • Biological and molecular characterization of avian influenza virus (H9N2) isolates from Iran
    Toroghi, R; Momayez, R
  • Genetic analysis of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from India
    Tosh, C; Nagarajan, S; Behera, P
  • A seroe-pidemiologic study of avian influenza (H9N2) in Iran
    Vasfi Marandi, M; Bozorg Mehrifard, MH; Tabatabaei, SM
  • Amino acid 226 in the hemagglutinin of H9N2 influenza viruses determines cell tropism and replication in human airway epithelial cells
    Wan, H; Perez, DR
  • Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses
    Webster, RG; Bean, WJ; Gorman, OT
  • Evolutionary characterization of influenza virus A/duck/Hubei/W1/2004 (H9N2) isolated from central China
    Xu, X-J; Xu, G-Y; Zhou, H-B
  • Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin genes of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in central China during 1998–2008
    Zhao, J; Chai, L; Wang, Z