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Depuis Darwin, psychiatres et biologistes évolutionnistes se sont posé la question pourquoi certaines de nos capacités mentales et émotionnelles sont plutôt mal conçues, étant donné que la sélection naturelle a produit des solutions ingénieuses à tant d’autres traits. Au cours des 50 dernières années, les psychiatres évolutionnistes se sont employés à répondre à cette question par le biais d’un certain nombre de modèles explicatifs. Ainsi, ils ont avancé la thèse que les troubles mentaux doivent être considérés comme des dissonances, voire des adaptations, plutôt que des maladies. Ces modèles sont vraiment fascinants, mais la plupart d’entre eux reposent sur des hypothèses contestables. Par exemple, les psychiatres évolutionnistes prétendent fréquemment que la schizophrénie est vieille de plus de 100 000 ans, même si, en fait, il n’existe pas de bonnes raisons d’y croire. De plus, ce qui plaide en faveur de la psychiatrie évolutionniste, c’est qu’elle nous invite de toute manière à réfléchir sur les alternatives évolutives possibles quant au rôle actuel du patient psychiatrique.
PSN – Springer Journals
Published: Oct 21, 2009
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