Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
E. Aveling, C. Héron (1999)
Chewing tar in the early Holocene: an archaeological and ethnographic evaluationAntiquity, 73
D Bosquet, M Regert, N Dubois, I Jadin (2001)
Identification de brai de bouleau sur quatre vases du site rubané de Fexhe-le-Haut-Locher “Podrî l Cortri”. Premiers résultatsNotae Praehistoricae, 21
S. Charters, R. Evershed, L. Goad, C. Heron, P. Blinkhorn (1993)
Identification of an adhesive used to repair a Roman jarArchaeometry, 35
Eckhard Czarnowski, D. Neubauer (1991)
Aspekte zur Produktion und Verarbeitung von Birkenpech, 23
D. Pomstra, R. Meijer (2010)
The production of birch pitch with hunter-gatherer technology: a possibilityBulletin of Primitive Technology, 2010
W. Piotrowski (1999)
Wood-tar and pitch experiments at Biskupin Museum
EM Aveling, C Heron (1999)
Chewing tar in the Early HoloceneAntiquity, 73
J. Koller, U. Baumer, D. Mania (2001)
High-tech in the middle Palaeolithic: Neandertal-manufactured pitch identifiedEuropean Journal of Archaeology, 4
W Piotrowski (1999)
Experiment and design
J. Grünberg (2002)
Middle Palaeolithic birch-bark pitchAntiquity, 76
O Farbregd (1989)
Tjørebrenning—ein enkel, men spennande kunstSPOR, 1
M. Regert, S. Vacher, C. Moulhérat, O. Decavallas (2003)
Adhesive Production and Pottery Function During the Iron Age at the Site of Grand Aunay (Sarthe, France)*Archaeometry, 45
F. Sauter, A. Graf, C. Hametner, J. Fröhlich, J. Neugebauer, F. Preinfalk (2002)
Studies in organic archaeometry IV: analysis of an organic agglutinant used to fix iron-age clay figurines to their baseArkivoc, 2002
T. Schenck (2011)
Experimenting with the Unknown, 62
P. Mazza, F. Martini, B. Sala, M. Magi, M. Colombini, G. Giachi, F. Landucci, C. Lemorini, F. Modugno, E. Ribechini (2006)
A new Palaeolithic discovery: tar-hafted stone tools in a European Mid-Pleistocene bone-bearing bedJournal of Archaeological Science, 33
Miriam Hiltemann (2012)
The glue that binds us together
T Schenck (2011)
Experimental archaeology. Between enlightenment and experience
D. Bosquet, N. Dubois, I. Jadin, M. Regert (2001)
Identification de brai de bouleau sur quatre vases du site rubané de Fexhe-le-Haut-Clocher "podrî l'Cortri", 21
B. Ottaway (1992)
The Fischergasse: a wetland site in Lower BavariaAntiquity, 66
F Sauter, A Graf, C Hametner, J Fröhlich, JW Neugebauer, F Preinfalk (2002)
Analysis of an organic agglutinant used to fix Iron-Age clay figurines to their baseARKIVOC, 2002
Dushka Urem-Kotsou, B. Stern, C. Heron, K. Kotsakis (2002)
Birch-bark tar at Neolithic Makriyalos, GreeceAntiquity, 76
G. Allen, L. Black, K. Hallam, J. Berry, S. Staniforth (1999)
12th Triennial Meeting, Lyon, 29 August - 3 September 1999
L. Wadley (2010)
Compound‐Adhesive Manufacture as a Behavioral Proxy for Complex Cognition in the Middle Stone AgeCurrent Anthropology, 51
A range of experiments were conducted in an attempt to create tar from the bark of Betula pubescens (downy birch) using an aceramic dry distillation process. Fire structures based on small pits and small kiln-like mounds were explored with a focus on fire intensities and differing burn times under field-based conditions. Heat penetration presented itself as an all-important factor, and the depth of the construction of the structures and features was considered to directly correlate to the impact of the heat. Single variable experiments confirmed that the necessary reducing atmosphere was achievable despite friable soil, but that heat would not penetrate a 50- to 80-mm-deep layer of grass turf. The evolution of structures from pits towards a raised type resulted in kiln-like structures which proved more successful. Though the experiments did not successfully produce tar as a finished product, they did lead to a better understanding of the dry distillation process of the established technology of birch bark tar extraction in aceramic societies.
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences – Springer Journals
Published: Jun 21, 2013
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.