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GC-FID/MS, NMR and HPLC were used to study natural capsaicin (N.Cap) in pepper sprays in order to show the capsaicinoids in raw material as well as a solution in a spray canister. Natural capsaicin was used instead of Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) while maintaining the usual effect with the advantage of better chemical control. In addition, the non-flammability safety characteristics have been increased since N.Cap does not contain the flammable substances present in OC. GC-FID/MS, NMR and HPLC results showed 2:1 ratio of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, respectively, agreeing with a typical ratio expected. Other capsaicinoids were detected in lower concentrations. Substances such as oils and resins, which are normally found in OC, were not detected in significant concentrations. The HPLC alternative method was evaluated regarding resolution and capsaicinoids ratio measurement. The dilution of raw materials (N.Cap) in dichloromethane avoids the intermediary processes of extraction or concentration of an analyte. It was possible to carry out an analysis with a solution directly collected from a spray by only one dilution step. Contaminants such as PAVA and others could be observed in the same analysis by GC-MS/FID without changes in the methodology. A review of the literature was carried out comparing the usual aspects regarding capsaicinoids contents in OC spray solutions, where findings reported between 1 and 40% of capsaicinoids in the solutions showing a large range of active substance concentration in commercial products. The method allows controlling the production and safety evaluation of the product by the user.
Human Factors and Mechanical Engineering for Defense and Safety – Springer Journals
Published: Jul 31, 2019
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