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The gut microbiota has important roles in maintaining the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins in intestinal epithelium. The microbiota extracellular vesicles (EVs) unlike the bacteria, can penetrate into the cells simply, alter the expression of various proteins, and also trigger specific signaling pathways. AhR activation can improve tight junction proteins expression and distribution during the impairment of the intestinal barrier function. The aim of the current study was to evaluate B. bifidum, and also its derived EVs effects on AhR and Notch-1 pathways activation and the gene expression of some intestinal epithelium TJ proteins (Occludin and ZO-1) in Caco-2 cells. B. bifidum was cultured in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth, and its EVs isolated by the ultra-centrifugation method. The Caco-2 cells were treated with B. bifidum (MOI = 50) and its derived EVs in the concentration of 50 μg/uL. By passing 24 h from incubation, the expressions of CYP1A1, Notch-1, Hes-1, ZO-1, AhR, and Occludin genes were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR method. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with B. bifidum increased AhR, Notch-1, and Hes-1 genes expressions. However, the bacterium had no significant effects on CYP1A1, ZO-1, and Occludin genes expressions. On the other hand, treatment of Caco-2 cells with the bacterium derived EVs resulted in the increment of CYP1A1, ZO-1, and Occludin genes expressions; however, it had no significant effects on AhR, Notch-1, and Hes-1 genes expressions. The results of the current study showed that, B. bifidum and its derived EVs may affect intestinal cells integrity through different pathways. The results also showed that, B. bifidum may activate the Notch-1/Hes-1 signaling pathway by interacting with the cells surface receptors. While, the bacterium derived EVs may increase the integrity of the intestinal barrier by activating AhR signaling pathway, and through increasing CYP1A1, ZO-1, and Occludin genes expressions.
"Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology" – Springer Journals
Published: Dec 1, 2021
Keywords: Bifidobacterium bifidum; tight junction proteins; extracellular vesicles; Notch-1/Hes-1 pathway; Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor
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