Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
R. Whittaker, G. Woodwell (1969)
Structure, Production and Diversity of the Oak-Pine Forest at Brookhaven, New YorkJournal of Ecology, 57
R. Sharma, E. Sharma, A. Purohit (1996)
Cardamom, mandarin and nitrogen-fixing trees in agroforestry systems in India's Himalayan region. II. Soil nutrient dynamicsAgroforestry Systems, 35
E. Sharma (1993)
Nutrient Dynamics in Himalayan Alder PlantationsAnnals of Botany, 72
H. Odum (1976)
Energy basis for man and nature
A. Akkermans, C. Dijk, P. Nutman (1975)
The formation and nitrogen fixing activity of the root nodules of Alnus glutinos under field conditions
S. E., Ambasht R.S. (1991)
Biomass, Productivity and Energetics in Himalayan Alder PlantationsAnnals of Botany, 67
E. Sharma, R. Ambasht (1986)
Root nodule age-class transition, production and decomposition in an age sequence of Alnus nepalensis plantation stands in the Eastern HimalayasJournal of Applied Ecology, 23
Stephen Freedman (1982)
Human labor as an energy source for rice production in the developing worldAgro-ecosystems, 8
D. Binkley (1981)
Nodule biomass and acetylene reduction rates of red alder and Sitka alder on Vancouver Island, B.C.Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 11
K. Huss-Danell (1978)
Nitrogenase Activity Measurements in Intact Plants of Alnus incanaPhysiologia Plantarum, 43
Y. Rawat, J. Singh (1988)
Structure and Function of Oak Forests in Central Himalaya. I. Dry Matter DynamicsAnnals of Botany, 62
Y. Rawat, J. Singh (1988)
Structure and Function of Oak Forests in Central Himalaya. II. Nutrient DynamicsAnnals of Botany, 62
R. Sharma, E. Sharma, A. Purohit (1996)
Cardamom, mandarin and nitrogen-fixing trees in agroforestry systems in India's Himalayan region. I. Litterfall and decompositionAgroforestry Systems, 35
D. Binkley, P. Sollins, R. Bell, D. Sachs, D. Myrold (1992)
Biogeochemistry of adjacent conifer and alder-conifer standsEcology, 73
J. Silsbury (1977)
Energy requirement for symbiotic nitrogen fixationNature, 267
R. Sharma, E. Sharma, A. Purohit (1994)
Dry matter production and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems of cardamom grown underAlnus and natural forestAgroforestry Systems, 27
N. Smith (1977)
Estimates of above-ground biomass, net primary production and energy flows in 8 to 10 year old red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) ecosystems
E. Sharma, Rita Sharma, K. Singh, G. Sharma (2000)
A Boon for Mountain Populations, 20
E. Sharma, R. Ambasht (1988)
Nitrogen accretion and its energetics in the Himalayan alderFunctional Ecology, 2
H. Lieth (1975)
Measurement of Caloric Values
F. Johnson, P. Risser (1974)
BIOMASS, ANNUAL NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION, AND DYNAMICS OF SIX MINERAL ELEMENTS IN A POST OAK-BLACKJACK OAK FOREST'Ecology, 55
K. Schubert, Schubert Kr (1982)
The energetics of biological nitrogen fixation
Karel Schubert, Harold Evans (1976)
Hydrogen evolution: A major factor affecting the efficiency of nitrogen fixation in nodulated symbionts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 73 4
Energy efficiency of agroforestry systems of large cardamom grown under N 2 -fixing Himalayan alder (alder-cardamom) and natural forest (forest-cardamom) was studied in the Sikkim Himalaya. Large cardamom ( Amomum subulatum ), the most important perennial cash crop of the region, is widely cultivated with Himalayan alder ( Alnus nepalensis ) as shade tree. Energy fixation, storage, net allocation in agronomic yield, and heat release and exit from the system were respectively 1.57, 1.44, 2.24 and 2.22 times higher in the alder-cardamom compared to the forest-cardamom system. Energy conversion efficiency and net ecosystem energy increment were also higher in the alder-cardamom than the forest-cardamom system. Energy fixation efficiency and energy conversion efficiency of large cardamom increased under the influence of Himalayan alder. Energy efficiency in N 2 -fixation of Himalayan alder was also high (67.5 g N 2 fixed 10 4 kJ -1 energy). Quantum and flux of energy increased in the alder-cardamom compared to the forest-cardamom system that optimized the production potential of the cash crop under the influence of the Himalayan alder. Climatic sympatry of the large cardamom and Himalayan alder, and their synergetic energy efficiency makes this association ecologically and economically viable for the mountain regions.
Agroforestry Systems – Springer Journals
Published: Dec 1, 2002
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.