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Curr Radiol Rep (2016) 4:62 DOI 10.1007/s40134-016-0188-2 CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (A BIERHALS, SECTION EDITOR) Emerging Clinical Applications of 4D Flow MR in the Heart and Aorta 1 2 Joseph W. Owen Constantine A. Raptis Published online: 12 October 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 Abstract Introduction Purpose of Review Review the current literature, focusing on potential clinical applications of time-resolved 3-di- Phase contrast MR is most commonly implemented as an mensional phase contrast imaging (4D flow) in the thorax. ECG-gated 2-dimensional technique for quantifying blood Recent Findings Magnetic resonance imaging has become an flow, velocity, and pressure gradients in the setting of important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the heart and great congenital heart disease [1, 2] and valvular heart disease vessels, complimenting echocardiography in routine clinical [3]. 2D phase contrast MR requires selection of a single practice. Advances in 4D flow now allow for comprehensive slice, typically orthogonal to the flow of blood, and allows modeling of blood flow in the thorax in a single ECG-gated and for quantification of blood flow within the selected slice in respiratory-gated volumetric acquisition. 4D Flow modeling a single direction (in-plane or through plane). If multiple of preferential flow through shunts,
Current Radiology Reports – Springer Journals
Published: Oct 12, 2016
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