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Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
- Publisher
- Springer Journals
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. part of Springer Nature 2021
- ISSN
- 2509-8004
- eISSN
- 2367-2544
- DOI
- 10.1007/s41314-020-00037-y
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
The effects of a personal protective equipment vest (PPE) on spine loads of occupants in vehicles subjected to under-body blast (UBB) events are not well understood. This study investigated the inertial and structural effects of PPE on the lower spine in UBB loading conditions using numerical modeling. A seated finite element (FE) human body model (HBM) with a spine designed for vertical acceleration load analysis was subjected to a 45g UBB representative acceleration. The HBM was modeled with and without PPE, in both upright (0°) and reclined (15°) seated postures. The PPE added 30% to the mass of the upper torso; however, it only increased the peak dynamic net spine load by approximately 20%. The added mass of PPE promoted additional flexion that shifted the overall loads toward the anterior aspect of the spine, which may contribute to an increased propensity for wedge compression fractures. The 15° reclined posture generated higher net spine loads than the upright posture. The additional forward flexion observed in the upright posture generated reduced peak net spine loads but increased the anterior aspect spine loads. The model, with and without PPE, identified regions and modes of elevated loading that were consistent with injuries observed in theater, suggesting that FE HBM modeling has potential to become a tool for injury prediction. A novel lower spine injury criterion, Lij, which combines axial compression and bending, was proposed to recognize injurious elevated anterior vertebral loading, which is not accounted for with separate compressive and bending criteria.
Journal
Human Factors and Mechanical Engineering for Defense and Safety – Springer Journals
Published: Jan 6, 2021