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Maiduguri metropolis in Northern Nigeria is a typical Sahel region characterized by dry hot climate for a greater part of the year during which dust pollution is a major concern with regard to human and animal health. In order to understand some effects of prolonged dust exposure, this study investigated the effects of dust exposure on body weight and some haematological parameters of rats in Maiduguri metropolis. Sixty (60) rats of both sexes were used for the study. The rats were randomly divided into two groups of 30 rats each and designated groups I and II, being the experimental and control groups respectively. Rats in group I were exposed to dust concentration of 477 mg/m3 for 3 h per day for 10 weeks consecutively, while those in group II were confined to normal ambient air, dust concentration of 243 mg/m3 for the same period of time. The result of the investigation showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration from week 4 onwards. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased significantly (p < 0.05) from week 4 onwards. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and MCH concentration (MCHC) did not vary significantly (p < 0.05) throughout the study period. Total white blood cell (TWBC) counts increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. This increase was characterized by neutrophilia, eosinophilia and monocytosis. There were, however, no significant (p > 0.05) variations in lymphocyte counts. This study has shown that prolonged exposure of mammals (using rats as a model) to dust particles has adverse haematological consequences such as anemia and hypoxia, which predispose the animal to serious health challenges and even death.
Comparative Clinical Pathology – Springer Journals
Published: Jun 1, 2016
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