Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
M. Jaffe (1976)
Thigmomorphogenesis: A Detailed Characterization of the Response of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Mechanical StimulationZeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie, 77
W. Flückiger, J. Oertli, H. Flückiger-Keller (2004)
The effect of wind gusts on leaf growth and foliar water relations of aspenOecologia, 34
A. Ennos (1993)
The Scaling of Root AnchorageJournal of Theoretical Biology, 161
J. Grace (1974)
The Effect of Wind on Grasses 1. CUTICULAR AND STOMATAL TRANSPIRATIONJournal of Experimental Botany, 25
A. Ennos (1991)
The Mechanics of Anchorage in Wheat Triticum aestivum L.: I. THE ANCHORAGE OF WHEAT SEEDLINGSJournal of Experimental Botany, 42
B. Legg, I. Long, P. Zemroch (1981)
Aerodynamic properties of field bean and potato cropsAgricultural Meteorology, 23
G. Russell, J. Grace (1979)
THE EFFECT OF SHELTER ON THE YIELD OF GRASSES IN SOUTHERN SCOTLANDJournal of Applied Ecology, 16
F. Whitehead (1963)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF WIND ON PLANT GROWTH AND ANATOMY. IV. GROWTH SUBSTANCES AND ADAPTATIVE ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGESNew Phytologist, 62
D. Easson, E. White, S. Pickles (1993)
The effects of weather, seed rate and cultivar on lodging and yield in winter wheatThe Journal of Agricultural Science, 121
D. Hall (1966)
A Study of the Surface Wax Deposits on Apple FruitAustralian Journal of Biological Sciences, 19
(1934)
The plan of shelterbelt planting in raising the agricultural yield
J. Kort (1988)
9. Benefits of windbreaks to field and forage cropsAgriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
(1975)
Momentum, mass and heat exchange of plant communities
M. Pinthus (1967)
Spread of the Root System as Indicator for Evaluating Lodging Resistance of Wheat 1Crop Science, 7
G. Snyder, D. Sammons, R. Sicher (1993)
Spike removal effects on dry matter production, assimilate distribution and grain yields of three soft red winter wheat genotypesField Crops Research, 33
D. Armbrust, G. Paulsen, R. Ellis (1974)
Physiological Responses to Wind‐ and Sandblast‐Damaged Winter Wheat Plants1Agronomy Journal, 66
(1957)
Wind as a factor in plant growth. In: Hudson JP (ed) Control of the Plant Environment, pp 84–95
(1972)
How to control wind erosion
(1981)
Plants and their atmospheric environment
G. Barker, J. Hatfield, D. Wanjura (1989)
Influence of Wind on Cotton Growth and YieldTransactions of the ASABE, 32
(1986)
Ridging reduces wind damage to cotton
C. Baker, A. Fullwood, J. Colls (1990)
Lodging of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in relation to its degree of exposure to sulphur dioxideNew Phytologist, 114
H. Finnell (1928)
Effect of Wind on Plant GrowthAgronomy Journal, 20
(1987)
Structural stability of the corn stalk
G. Milford, J. Day, J. Leach, H. Stevenson, C. Huyghe, J. Papineau (1993)
The effect of modifying plant structure on the yield and maturity of the white lupin Lupinus albusAnnals of Applied Biology, 122
M. Jaffe, S. Forbes (1993)
Thigmomorphogenesis: the effect of mechanical perturbation on plantsPlant Growth Regulation, 12
(1964)
Windbreaks and shelter
Marc Knight, Steven Smith, Anthony Trewavas (1992)
Wind-induced plant motion immediately increases cytosolic calcium.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 89 11
D. Parkhurst, G. Pearman, P. Neel, R. Harris (1972)
Tree seedling growth: effects of shaking.Science, 175 4024
D. Fryrear, J. Downes (1975)
Estimating Seedling Survival from Wind Erosion ParametersTransactions of the ASABE, 18
M. Asghar, B. Ingram (1993)
Effects of defoliation on dryland wheat production in central QueenslandAustralian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 33
John Finnigan, P. Mulhearn (1978)
Modelling waving crops in a wind tunnelBoundary-Layer Meteorology, 14
D. Hall, R. Jones (1961)
Physiological Significance of Surface Wax on LeavesNature, 191
C. Pitcairn, C. Jeffree, J. Grace (1986)
Influence of polishing and abrasion on the diffusive conductance of leaf surface of Festuca arundinacea SchrebPlant Cell and Environment, 9
D. Fryrear, J. Stubbendieck, W. Mccully (1973)
Grass Seedling Response to Wind and Windblown Sand1Crop Science, 13
T. Speck, H. Spatz, D. Vogellehner (1990)
Contributions to the biomechanics of plants. I. Stabilities of plant stems with strengthening elements of different cross-sections against weight and wind forces., 103
J. Brandle, B. Johnson, D. Dearmont (1984)
Windbreak economics: The case of winter wheat production in eastern NebraskaJournal of Soil and Water Conservation, 39
R. Wheeler, F. Salisbury (1979)
Water Spray as a Convenient Means of Imparting Mechanical Stimulation to Plants1HortScience
D. Armbrust (1980)
Physiological Responses to Wind and Sandblast Damage by Grain Sorghum Plants 1Agronomy Journal, 74
(1975)
Seismomorphogenic regulation of plant growth
C. Pitcairn, J. Grace (1982)
The Effect of Wind and a Reduced Supply of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on the Growth and Water Relations of Festuca arundinacea SchrebAnnals of Botany, 49
A. Ennos, A. Fitter (1992)
Comparative Functional Morphology of the Anchorage Systems of Annual DicotsFunctional Ecology, 6
D. Armbrust (1984)
Wind and Sandblast Injury to Field Crops: Effect of Plant Age1Agronomy Journal, 76
H. Spatz, C. Boomgaarden, T. Speck (1993)
Contribution to the biomechanics of plants. III: Experimental and theoretical studies of local buckling, 106
G. Barker, J. Hatfield, D. Wanjura (1985)
Cotton phenology parameters affected by windField Crops Research, 12
(1954)
Forest shelterbelts and the yield of field crops under the conditions of the Omsk region
J. Martin, B. Juniper (1971)
The cuticles of plants
M. Pinthus (1974)
Lodging in Wheat, Barley, and Oats: The Phenomenon, its Causes, and Preventive MeasuresAdvances in Agronomy, 25
C. Bates (1937)
The windbreak as a farm asset.
H. Spatz, T. Speck, D. Vogellehner (1990)
Contributions to the Biomechanics of Plants.; II. Stability Against Local Buckling in Hollow Plant Stems*, 103
A. Ennos, M. Crook, C. Grimshaw (1993)
The Anchorage Mechanics of Maize, Zea maysJournal of Experimental Botany, 44
A. Ennos (1997)
Wind as an ecological factor.Trends in ecology & evolution, 12 3
N. Woodruff (1956)
Wind‐Blown Soil Abrasive Injuries to Winter Wheat Plants1Agronomy Journal, 48
F. Putz, G. Parker, R. Archibald (1984)
Mechanical abrasion and intercrown spacingAmerican Midland Naturalist, 112
T. Flesch, R. Grant (1992)
Corn Motion in the Wind During Senescence: I. Motion CharacteristicsAgronomy Journal, 84
(1982)
Geographic variation in the protein content of grain crops on fields protected by shelterbelts
J. Braam, Ronald Davis (1990)
Rain-, wind-, and touch-induced expression of calmodulin and calmodulin-related genes in ArabidopsisCell, 60
E. Skidmore (1966)
Wind and Sandblast Injury to Seedling Green Beans 1Agronomy Journal, 58
(1954)
Transmission of wheat streak-mosaic virus by abrasive leaf contacts during strong winds
J. Monteith, J. Grace (1979)
Plant Response to Wind.Journal of Ecology, 67
J. Grace (1988)
3. Plant response to windAgriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
D. Rees, J. Grace (1980)
The effects of wind on the extension growth of Pinus contorta Douglas.
M. Crook, A. Ennos (1993)
The Mechanics of Root Lodging in Winter Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Journal of Experimental Botany, 44
(1981)
Some effects of wind on plants. In: Grace J, Ford ED and Jarvis PG (eds) Plants and their atmospheric environment, pp 31–56
A. Ennos (1991)
The Mechanics of Anchorage in Wheat Triticum aestivum L.: II. ANCHORAGE OF MATURE WHEAT AGAINST LODGINGJournal of Experimental Botany, 42
(1965)
The design of shelterbelts in relation to crop yield improvement
G. Barker, J. Hatfield, D. Wanjura (1985)
Cotton Plant Response to Wind and Water StressTransactions of the ASABE, 28
(1963)
The wind over the cultivated field
T. Flesch, R. Grant (1992)
Corn Motion in the Wind during Senescence: 11- Effect of Dynamic Plant CharacteristicsAgronomy Journal, 84
J. Grace, G. Russell (1982)
The Effect of Wind and a Reduced Supply of Water on the Growth and Water Relations of Festuca arundinacea SchrebAnnals of Botany, 49
(1941)
The influence of forest shelterbelts of different design on microclimate and snow accumulation
F. Whitehead, R. Luti (1962)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF WIND ON PLANT GROWTH AND ANATOMY. I. ZEA MAYSNew Phytologist, 61
J. Casada, L. Walton, L. Swetnam (1980)
Wind Resistance of Burley Tobacco as Influenced by Depth of Plants in SoilTransactions of the ASABE, 23
M. Jaffe (1973)
Thigmomorphogenesis: The response of plant growth and development to mechanical stimulationPlanta, 114
D. Fryreat (1971)
Survival and Growth of Cotton Plants Damaged by Windblown Sand1Agronomy Journal, 63
(1981)
report of the PFRA Tree Nursery. Agriculture Canada-PFRA, 79 pp Pinthus MJ (1967) Spread of the root system as an indicator for evaluating lodging resistance of wheat
(1993)
When leaves save the tree
G. Russell, J. Grace (1978)
The Effect of Wind on Grasses V. LEAF EXTENSION DIFFUSIVE CONDUCTANCE PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN THE WIND TUNNELJournal of Experimental Botany, 29
H. Hayes, C. Mcclelland (1928)
Lodging in Selfed Lines of Maize and in F1 Crosses 1Agronomy Journal, 20
T. Udagawa, K. Oda (1967)
Influences of Environmental Factors on Lodging of Wheat and Barley Plants : 1. Varietal difference of lodging in mobile wind tunnel testJapanese Journal of Crop Science, 36
F. Whitehead (1963)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF WIND ON PLANT GROWTH AND ANATOMY. III. SOIL MOISTURE RELATIONSNew Phytologist, 62
R. Turgeon, J. Webb (1971)
Growth inhibition by mechanical stress.Science, 174 4012
J. Landsberg, D. Powell (1973)
Surface exchange characteristics of leaves subject to mutual interferenceAgricultural Meteorology, 12
J. Grace, G. Russell (1977)
The Effect of Wind on Grasses III. INFLUENCE OF CONTINUOUS DROUGHT OR WIND ON ANATOMY AND WATER RELATIONS IN FESTUCA ARUNDINACEA SCHREBJournal of Experimental Botany, 28
D. Rees, J. Grace (1980)
The Effects of Shaking on Extension Growth of Pinus contorta Douglas
(1981)
Thigmomorphogenesis and thigmonasty. In: McGraw Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology, pp 394–395
(1960)
Field-protective afforestation and the increase in financial yield of agriculture
P. Stamp, C. Kiel (1992)
Seedling traits of maize as indicators of root lodgingAgronomie, 12
J. Grace, C. Pitcairn, G. Russell, M. Dixon (1982)
The Effects of Shaking on the Growth and Water Relations of Festuca arundinacea Schreb.Annals of Botany, 49
L. Lyles, N. Woodruff (1960)
Abrasive action of windblown soil on plant seedlings.Agronomy Journal, 52
S. Vogel (1989)
Drag and Reconfiguration of Broad Leaves in High WindsJournal of Experimental Botany, 40
(1981)
Shelter boosts crop yield by 35 percent: also prevents lodging
F. Whitehead (1962)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF WIND ON PLANT GROWTH AND ANATOMYNew Phytologist, 61
J. Hadley, W. Smith (1989)
Wind Erosion of Leaf Surface Wax in Alpine Timberline ConifersArctic and alpine research, 21
M. Neenan, J. Spencer-Smith (1975)
An analysis of the problem of lodging with particular reference to wheat and barleyThe Journal of Agricultural Science, 85
G. Russell, J. Grace (1978)
The Effect of Wind on Grasses
A. Ennos, M. Crook, C. Grimshaw (1993)
A Comparative Study of the Anchorage Systems of Himalayan Balsam Impatiens glandulifera and Mature Sunflower Helianthus annuusJournal of Experimental Botany, 44
S. Hoad, C. Jeffree, J. Grace (1992)
Effects of wind and abrasion on cuticular integrity in Fagus sylvatica L. and consequences for transfer of pollutants through leaf surfacesAgriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 42
D. Smika, R. Shawcroft (1980)
Preliminary study using a wind tunnel to determine the effect of hot wind on a wheat cropField Crops Research, 3
Madeline Wu (2004)
Principles of environmental physicsPlant Growth Regulation, 10
G. Russell, J. Grace (1979)
The Effect of Windspeed on the Growth of GrassesJournal of Applied Ecology, 16
T. Maitani (1979)
An Observational Study of Wind-Induced Waving of PlantsBoundary-Layer Meteorology, 16
S. Vogel (1984)
Drag and Flexibility in Sessile OrganismsIntegrative and Comparative Biology, 24
M. Holland, J. Grace, C. Hedley (1991)
Momentum absorption by dried-pea crops. I. Field measurements over and within varieties of differing leaf structureAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, 54
T. Flesch, R. Grant (1991)
The translation of turbulent wind energy to individual corn plant motion during senescenseBoundary-Layer Meteorology, 55
J. Landsberg, A. Thom (1971)
Aerodynamic properties of a plant of complex structureQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 97
(2004)
Windbreak Design for Optimum Wind Erosion Control 1
E. Martin, F. Clements (1935)
STUDIES OF THE EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL WIND ON GROWTH AND TRANSPIRATION IN HELIANTHUS ANNUUS.Plant physiology, 10 4
P. Neel, R. Harris (1971)
Motion-Induced Inhibition of Elongation and Induction of Dormancy in LiquidambarScience, 173
R. Hunt (1980)
Plant growth analysis
J. Thompson (1974)
The Effect of Wind on Grasses II. Mechanical Damage in Festuca arundinacea SchrebJournal of Experimental Botany, 25
P. Gardingen, J. Grace, C. Jeffree (1991)
ABRASIVE DAMAGE BY WIND TO THE NEEDLE SURFACES OF PICEA-SITCHENSIS (BONG) CARR AND PINUS-SYLVESTRIS LPlant Cell and Environment, 14
P. Gardingen, J. Grace (1991)
Plants and WindAdvances in Botanical Research, 18
This review describes those mechanisms by which wind directly affects crop growth rates and hence yields. Wind-induced plant movement is capable of altering growth rates and leaf morphology, although this is unlikely to be a major cause of growth differences between sheltered and unsheltered crops grown outdoors. The wind's force can tear leaves or strip them from the plant. Dense plant canopies may suffer abrasion through intermittent or constant rubbing. Soil particles lifted into suspension by the wind have the potential to abrade and damage plant tissue. The wind's force can physically knock plants over, making crops difficult to harvest. Each of these mechanisms operates at a particular time of the growing season. Recovery, and hence final yield, depends on the growth stage and soil/plant moisture status when the damage occurred, the particular species and variety as well as the preceding and subsequent weather. The fact that damage effects are so dependent on the crop and the past weather makes modelling and any simple synthesis of direct wind effects difficult. The most common forms of damage likely in Australia's agricultural regions are from sandblasting and lodging. These damage events will be intermittent – their frequency depending on the local climate. Leaf tearing is likely in broad-leafed horticultural crops, and growth effects are also likely in any windy location. It is not possible to predict what the impact of this damage, and other direct effects, will be on final yields, Based on the results in the literature, protection from damage offered by windbreaks may have as large an effect on yields as incremental microclimate benefits.
Agroforestry Systems – Springer Journals
Published: Apr 1, 1998
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.