Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
X. Roux, T. Bariac, A. Mariotti (1995)
Spatial partitioning of the soil water resource between grass and shrub components in a West African humid savannaOecologia, 104
S. Kandiah, D. Wettasinghe, G. Wadasinghe (1984)
Root influence on shoot development in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) following shoot pruningJournal of Horticultural Science, 59
J. Ewel (1986)
Designing Agricultural Ecosystems for the Humid TropicsAnnual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 17
(1996)
Role of root exudates in plant nutrient acquisition in low input agricultural systems
E. Newman (1978)
ROOT MICROORGANISMS: THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE ECOSYSTEMBiological Reviews, 53
C. Chou (1989)
Allelopathic research of subtropical vegetation in Taiwan. IVJournal of Chemical Ecology, 15
C. Atger, C. Edelin (1994)
Stratégies d’occupation du milieu souterrain par les systèmes racinaires des arbresRevue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie)
F. Adesina (1991)
Soil management with cultivated fallows in humid and subhumid AfricaCanadian Journal of Soil Science, 71
A. Smucker (1993)
Soil Environmental Modifications of Root Dynamics and MeasurementAnnual Review of Phytopathology, 31
D. Lim (1980)
New developments in shade for hybrid cocoa in Sabah.
F. Kwesiga, R. Coe (1994)
The effect of short rotation Sesbania sesban planted fallows on maize yieldForest Ecology and Management, 64
P. Krannitzi, M. Caldwell (1995)
Root growth responses of three Great Basin perennials to intra and interspecific contact with other rootsFlora, 190
A. Ikram, E. Jensen, I. Jakobsen (1994)
No significant transfer of N and P from Pueraria phaseoloides to Hevea brasiliensis via hyphal links of arbuscular mycorrhizaSoil Biology & Biochemistry, 26
G. Korwar, G. Radder (1994)
Influence of root pruning and cutting interval ofLeucaena hedgerows on performance of alley croppedrabi sorghumAgroforestry Systems, 25
Laurent Derouard, J. Tondoh, L. Vilcosqui, P. Lavelle (1997)
Effects of earthworm introduction on soil processes and plant growthSoil Biology & Biochemistry, 29
C. Ssekabembe (1985)
Perspectives on hedgerow intercroppingAgroforestry Systems, 3
(1963)
Observations on the effects of shade and irrigation on soilmoisture utilization under coffee in Nyasaland
J. Eastham, C. Rose, D. Cameron, S. Rance, T. Talsma, D. Charles-Edwards (1990)
Tree/pasture interactions at a range of tree densities in an agroforestry experiment. II. Water uptake in relation to rooting patternsCrop & Pasture Science, 41
G. Schroth, Ninkabou Poidy, Thomas Morshäuser, W. Zech (1995)
Effects of different methods of soil tillage and biomass application on crop yields and soil properties in agroforestry with high tree competition.Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 52
N. Hulugalle, R. Lal (1986)
Root growth of maize in a compacted gravelly tropical alfisol as affected by rotation with a woody perennialField Crops Research, 13
K. Macdicken (1991)
Impacts of Leucaena leucocephala as a fallow improvement crop in shifting cultivation on the Island of Mindoro, PhilippinesForest Ecology and Management, 45
P. Woods, E. Nambiar, P. Smethurst (1992)
Effect of annual weeds on water and nitrogen availability to Pinus radiata trees in a young plantationForest Ecology and Management, 48
G. Cuenca, J. Aranguren, R. Herrera (1983)
Root growth and litter decomposition in a coffee plantation under shade treesPlant and Soil, 71
E. Rivera, Servando Silva, J. Vicente-chandler (1969)
Distribution of Pigeon Peas, Cassava, Coffee and Grass Roots in an UltisolJournal of Agriculture of The University of Puerto Rico, 67
C. Dupraz, V. Simorte, M. Dauzat, G. Bertoni, A. Bernadac, P. Masson (1998)
Growth and nitrogen status of young walnuts as affected by intercropped legumes in a Mediterranean climateAgroforestry Systems, 43
(1992)
Mycorrhizae and crop productivity. In: Bethlenfalvay GJ and Linderman RG (eds) Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture, pp 1–27
D. Atkinson, Martin Johnson, David Mattam, E. Mercer (1979)
The effect of orchard soil management on the uptake of nitrogen by established apple treesJournal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 30
M. Goss, M. Miller, L. Bailey, C. Grant (1993)
Root growth and distribution in relation to nutrient availability and uptakeEuropean Journal of Agronomy, 2
(1995)
Root extension of young widespaced Prunus avium trees in an agroforest as deduced from the water budget. In: Ehrenreich JH, Ehrenreich DL and Lee HW (eds) Growing a Sustainable Future
(1963)
Some observations on soil moisture use under tea in Nyasaland
D. Veresoglou, A. Fitter (1984)
Spatial and temporal patterns of growth and nutrient uptake of five co-existing grassesJournal of Ecology, 72
(1988)
Cutting and fertilization effect on the root system in several grassland stands II. Vertical distribution of root biomass and changes in the carbohydrate
E. Kandeler, G. Eder, M. Sobotik (1994)
Microbial biomass, N mineralization, and the activities of various enzymes in relation to nitrate leaching and root distribution in a slurry-amended grasslandBiology and Fertility of Soils, 18
R. Robinson (1972)
The Production by Roots of Calluna Vulgaris of a Factor Inhibitory to Growth of some Mycorrhizal FungiJournal of Ecology, 60
S. Page, J. Bridge (1993)
Plant Nematodes and Sustainability in Tropical AgricultureExperimental Agriculture, 29
J. Buwalda (1993)
The carbon costs of root systems of perennial fruit cropsEnvironmental and Experimental Botany, 33
D. Nepstad, C. Carvalho, E. Davidson, P. Jipp, P. Lefebvre, G. Negreiros, Elson Silva, T. Stone, S. Trumbore, S. Vieira (1994)
The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pasturesNature, 372
Rafael Herrera, T. Mérida, N. Stark, Carl Jordan (1978)
Direct phosphorus transfer from leaf litter to rootsNaturwissenschaften, 65
S. Wilson, D. Tilman (1991)
Component of Plant Competition Along an Experimental Gradient of Nitrogen AvailabilityEcology, 72
(1964)
Development of the root system of Acer rubrum L
(1996)
Differences in root system responses of two semi-arid tree species to crown pruning
A. Ghent (1978)
Book Review:Statistics: A Biomedical Introduction. Byron Wm. Brown, Jr., Myles HollanderThe Quarterly Review of Biology
R. Linderman (1992)
Mycorrhizae in Sustainable Agriculture
P. Alvim, R. Alvin (1980)
Environmental requirements of cocoa with emphasis on responses to shade and moisture stress.
(1988)
Shoot competition and root competition
W. Yocum (1937)
Root Development of Young Delicious Apple Trees as Affected by Soils and by Cultural Treatments
H. Skipper, A. Ogg, A. Kennedy (1996)
Root Biology of Grasses and Ecology of Rhizobacteria for Biological ControlWeed Technology, 10
M. Noordwijk, Widianto, M. Heinen, K. Hairiah (1991)
Old tree root channels in acid soils in the humid tropics: Important for crop root penetration, water infiltration and nitrogen managementPlant and Soil, 134
E. Nambiar, K. Nethercott (1987)
Nutrient and water availability to and growth of young radiata pine plantations intercropped with lupinsNew Forests, 1
Joseph Hendricks, K. Nadelhoffer, J. Aber (1993)
Assessing the role of fine roots in carbon and nutrient cycling.Trends in ecology & evolution, 8 5
H. Marschner (1988)
Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants
S. Nair, N. Rao (1977)
Microbiology of the root region of coconut and cacao under mixed croppingPlant and Soil, 46
M. Caldwell, J. Manwaring, Susan Durham (1996)
Species interactions at the level of fine roots in the field: influence of soil nutrient heterogeneity and plant sizeOecologia, 106
(1976)
The effect of tree spacing on the apple root system
M. Ramamoorthy, K. Paliwal (1993)
Allelopathic compounds in leaves ofGliricidia sepium (Jacq.) kunth ex walp. and its effect onSorghum vulgare L.Journal of Chemical Ecology, 19
G. Schroth, Dorothee Kolbe, B. Pity, W. Zech (1996)
Root system characteristics with agroforestry relevance of nine leguminous tree species and a spontaneous fallow in a semi-deciduous rainforest area of West AfricaForest Ecology and Management, 84
P. Mcdonald (1986)
Grasses in Young Conifer Plantations - Hindrance and Help
N. Lisanework, A. Michelsen (2004)
Allelopathy in agroforestry systems: the effects of leaf extracts ofCupressus lusitanica and threeEucalyptus spp. on four Ethiopian cropsAgroforestry Systems, 21
(1987)
The performance of some tropical forage grasses interplanted with young Hevea trees and their effect on growth of the rubber
R. Lifshitz, H. Guilmette, M. Kozlowski (1988)
Tn5-Mediated Cloning of a Genetic Region from Pseudomonas putida Involved in the Stimulation of Plant Root ElongationApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 54
F. Sinclair, I. Verinumbe, J. Hall (1994)
The role of tree domestication in agroforestry
D. Eissenstat, M. Caldwell (1989)
Invasive root growth into disturbed soil of two tussock grasses that differ in competitive effectivenessFunctional Ecology, 3
C. D’Antonio, B. Mahall (1991)
Root profiles and competition between the invasive, exotic perennial, Carpobrotus edulis, and two native shrub species in California coastal scrubAmerican Journal of Botany, 78
S. Emerman, T. Dawson (1996)
Hydraulic lift and its influence on the water content of the rhizosphere: an example from sugar maple, Acer saccharumOecologia, 108
M. Cannell, J. Jackson (1985)
Attributes of trees as crop plants
(1982)
Fine roots in mixed plantations of Hevea (Hevea brasiliensis
C. Chou, Y.-l. Kuo (1986)
Allelopathic research of subtropical vegetation in TaiwanJournal of Chemical Ecology, 12
D. Miller (1986)
Root Systems in Relation to Stress ToleranceHortScience
S. Grayston, D. Vaughan, D. Jones (1997)
Rhizosphere carbon flow in trees, in comparison with annual plants: the importance of root exudation and its impact on microbial activity and nutrient availabilityApplied Soil Ecology, 5
H. Taylor (1980)
Modifying root systems of cotton and soybean to increase water absorption.
J. César, Coulibaly Zoumana (1991)
Le rôle des jachères et des cultures fourragères dans le maintien de la fertilité des terres
J. Wilson, E. Newman (1987)
Competition between upland grasses: root and shoot competition between Deschampsia flexuosa and Festuca ovina, 8
X. Roux, T. Bariac (1998)
Seasonal variations in soil, grass and shrub water status in a West African humid savannaOecologia, 113
S. Hauser (1993)
Effect of Acioa barteri, Cassia siamea, Flemingia macrophylla and Gmelina arborea leaves on germination and early development of maize and cassavaAgriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 45
G. Schroth, Wolfgang Zech (1995)
Above- and below-ground biomass dynamics in a sole cropping and an alley cropping system withGliricidia sepium in the semi-deciduous rainforest zone of West AfricaAgroforestry Systems, 31
H. Perrson, B. Mcmichael (1992)
Plant Roots and Their EnvironmentSoil Science, 153
(1994)
Growth, form and function of roots and root systems
W. Hunter, L. Kuykendall (1994)
Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability of tropical agriculture: K. Mulongoy, M. Gueye and D.S.C. Spencer (Editors). Wiley, Chichester, UK 1992. 488 pp. Price unknown. ISBN 0-471-93560-3
A. Friend, Marvin Eide, T. Hinckley (1990)
Nitrogen stress alters root proliferation in Douglas-fir seedlingsCanadian Journal of Forest Research, 20
C. Theodorou, G. Bowen (1993)
Root morphology, growth and uptake of phosphorus and nitrogen of Pinus radiata families in different soilsForest Ecology and Management, 56
R. Jackson, M. Caldwell (1992)
Shading and the capture of localized soil nutrients: nutrient contents, carbohydrates, and root uptake kinetics of a perennial tussock grassOecologia, 91
R. Skeffington, G. Bowen, E. Nambiar (1984)
Nutrition of Plantation Forests.Journal of Applied Ecology, 23
(1994)
Exploiting nutrients in fertile soil microsites. In: Caldwell MM and Pearcy RW (eds) Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants, pp 325–347
G. Schroth, Dorothee Kolbe, B. Pity, W. Zech (1995)
Searching for criteria for the selection of efficient tree species for fallow improvement, with special reference to carbon and nitrogenFertilizer research, 42
M. Reeves (1992)
The role of VAM fungi in nitrogen dynamics in maize-bean intercropsPlant and Soil, 144
C. Marschner (1996)
Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 2nd edition, H. Marschner. Academic Press, London (1995), 889, (ISBN 0-12-473543-6). Price: 29.95 Pound SterlingJournal of Plant Physiology, 148
A. Chauvel, A. Vital, Yves Lucas, Thierry Desjardins, W. Franken, F. Luizão, L. Araguas, K. Rozanski, A. Bedmar (1992)
O papel das raizes no ciclo hidrologico da floresta amazonica
S. Wilson, D. Tilman (1993)
PLANT COMPETITION AND RESOURCE AVAILABILITY IN RESPONSE TO DISTURBANCE AND FERTILIZATIONEcology, 74
放射線影響研究所 (1989)
Technical report series
J. Springett, R. Gray (1997)
The interaction between plant roots and earthworm burrows in pastureSoil Biology & Biochemistry, 29
C. Campbell, L. Mackie-Dawson, E. Reid, S. Pratt, E. Duff, S. Buckland (1994)
Manual recording of minirhizotron data and its application to study the effect of herbicide and nitrogen fertiliser on tree and pasture root growth in a silvopastoral systemAgroforestry Systems, 26
W. Knoop, B. Walker (1985)
Interactions of woody and herbaceous vegetation in a southern African SavannaJournal of Ecology, 73
M. Noordwijk, G. Lawson, A. Soumare, J. Groot, K. Hairiah (1996)
Root distribution of trees and crops: competition and/or complementarity
(1984)
Tree roots and the use of soil nutrients. In: Bowen GD and Nambiar EKS (eds) Nutrition of plantation forests, pp 147–179
M. Caldwell (1994)
12 – Exploiting Nutrients in Fertile Soil Microsites
E. Fernandes, C. Davey, L. Nelson (1993)
Alley Cropping on an Acid Soil in the Upper Amazon: Mulch, Fertilizer, and Hedgerow Root Pruning Effects
(1985)
Roots as a component of tree productivity. In: Cannell MGR and Jackson JE (eds) Attributes of trees as crop plants, pp 303–315
F. Sinclair (1995)
Agroforestry: Science, Policy and Practice
J. Fownes, David Anderson (1991)
Changes in nodule and root biomass of Sesbania sesban and Leucaena leucocephala following coppicingPlant and Soil, 138
E. Rice (1968)
Inhibition of Nodulation of Inoculated Legumes by Pioneer Plant Species from Abandoned FieldsBulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 95
G. Schroth, W. Zech (1995)
Root length dynamics in agroforestry with Gliricidia sepium as compared to sole cropping in the semi-deciduous rainforest zone of West AfricaPlant and Soil, 170
G. Schroth, J. Lehmann (1995)
Contrasting effects of roots and mulch from three agroforestry tree species on yields of alley cropped maizeAgriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 54
D. Nethsinghe, H. Broeshart (1975)
Root activity patterns of some tree crops. Technical reports series No. 170. Results of a five-year coordinated research program of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Atomic Energy in Food and Agriculture
J. Kays, C. Canham (1991)
Effects of Time and Frequency of Cutting on Hardwood Root Reserves and Sprout GrowthForest Science, 37
J. Mchowa, D. Ngugi (1994)
Pest complex in agroforestry systems: the Malawi experienceForest Ecology and Management, 64
M. Noordwijk, K. Hairiah, Syekhfani Ms, E. Flach (1991)
Peltophorum Pterocarpa (Dc.) Back (Caesalpiniaceae), a Tree with a Root Distribution Suitable for Alley Cropping on Acid Soils in the Humid TropicsDevelopments in agricultural and managed-forest ecology, 24
S. Mulkey, R. Chazdon, ALAN Smith (1996)
Tropical Forest Plant Ecophysiology
D. Eissenstat (1992)
Costs and benefits of constructing roots of small diameterJournal of Plant Nutrition, 15
R. Sanford, E. Cuevas (1996)
Root Growth and Rhizosphere Interactions in Tropical Forests
G. Schroth (1995)
Tree root characteristics as criteria for species selection and systems design in agroforestryAgroforestry Systems, 30
This review summarises current knowledge on root interactions in agroforestry systems, discussing cases from temperate and tropical ecosystems and drawing on experiences from natural plant communities where data from agroforestry systems are lacking. There is an inherent conflict in agroforestry between expected favourable effects of tree root systems, e.g. on soil fertility and nutrient cycling, and competition between tree and crop roots. Root management attempts to optimise root functions and to stimulate facilitative and complementary interactions. It makes use of the plasticity of root systems to respond to environmental factors, including other root systems, with altered growth and physiology. Root management tools include species selection, spacing, nutrient distribution, and shoot pruning, among others. Root distribution determines potential zones of root interactions in the soil, but are also a result of such interactions. Plants tend to avoid excessive root competition both at the root system level and at the single-root level by spatial segregation. As a consequence, associated plant species develop vertically stratified root systems under certain conditions, leading to complementarity in the use of soil resources. Parameters of root competitiveness, such as root length density, mycorrhization and flexibility in response to water and nutrient patches in the soil, have to be considered for predicting the outcome of interspecific root interactions. The patterns of root activity around individual plants differ between species; knowing these may help to avoid excessive competition and unproductive nutrient losses in agroforestry systems through suitable spacing and fertiliser placement. The possibility of alleviating root competition by supplying limiting growth factors is critically assessed. A wide range of physical, chemical and biological interactions occurs not only in spatial agroforestry, but also in rotational systems. In a final part, the reviewed information is applied to different types of agroforestry systems: associations of trees with annual crops; associations of trees with grasses or perennial fodder and cover crops; associations of different tree and shrub species; and improved fallows.
Agroforestry Systems – Springer Journals
Published: Oct 1, 1998
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.