Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
M. Balls, Walter Klerck, F. Baker, Michel Beek, C. Bouillon, L. Bruner, J. Carstensen, M. Chamberlain, M. Cottin, R. Curren, J. Dupuis, F. Fairweather, U. Faure, J. Fentem, Christopher Fisher, C. Galli, Fritz Kemper, A. Knaap, G. Langley, G. Loprieno, N. Loprieno, W. Pape, G. Pechovitch, H. Spielmann, K. Ungar, I. White, V. Zuang (1995)
Development and Validation of Non-animal Tests and Testing Strategies: The Identification of a Coordinated Response to the Challenge and the Opportunity Presented by the Sixth Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive (76/768/EEC)Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 23
C. Hollands (1986)
THE ANIMALS (SCIENTIFIC PROCEDURES) ACT 1986The Lancet, 328
M. Dickens, O. Flint, S. Gettings, R. Hill, R. Lipnick, K. Renskers, J. Bradlaw, R. Scala, B. Veronesi (1993)
Framework for Validation and Implementation of In Vitro Toxicity Tests: Report of the Validation and Technology Transfer Committee of the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal TestingInternational Journal of Toxicology, 12
(2002)
OECD GUIDELINE FOR THE TESTING OF CHEMICALS
G. Gerberick, Cintfy Ryan, I. Kimber, R. Dearman, L. Lea, D. Basketter (2000)
Local lymph node assay: validation assessment for regulatory purposes.American journal of contact dermatitis : official journal of the American Contact Dermatitis Society, 11 1
(2004)
ECVAM News & ViewsAlternatives to Laboratory Animals, 32
S. Fletcher, V. Baker, J. Fentem, D. Basketter, D. Kelsell (2001)
Gene expression analysis of EpiDerm following exposure to SLS using cDNA microarrays.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 15 4-5
H. Harries, S. Fletcher, C. Duggan, V. Baker (2001)
The use of genomics technology to investigate gene expression changes in cultured human liver cells.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 15 4-5
C. Westmoreland, J. Fentem (2004)
Animal testing in the frame of new legislation
W. Russell, R. Burch (1960)
The Principles of Humane Experimental TechniqueMedical Journal of Australia, 1
T. Ideker, T. Galitski, Leroy Hood (2001)
A new approach to decoding life: systems biology.Annual review of genomics and human genetics, 2
P. Botham, L. Earl, J. Fentem, R. Roguet, J. Sandt (1998)
Alternative Methods for Skin Irritation Testing: The Current StatusAlternatives to Laboratory Animals, 26
Paul Shannon, Andrew Markiel, Owen Ozier, N. Baliga, Jonathan Wang, Daniel Ramage, Nada Amin, Benno Schwikowski, T. Ideker (2003)
Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks.Genome research, 13 11
S. Jie (2007)
The New EU Chemicals Legislation: REACH
D. Basketter, E. Whittle, M. Chamberlain (1994)
Identification of irritation and corrosion hazards to skin: an alternative strategy to animal testing.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 32 6
H. Spielmann, M. Balls, M. Balls, J. Dupuis, J. Dupuis, W. Pape, W. Pape, W. Pape, G. Pechovitch, G. Pechovitch, O. Silva, O. Silva, O. Silva, H. Holzhütter, H. Holzhütter, H. Holzhütter, R. Clothier, R. Clothier, R. Clothier, P. Desolle, P. Desolle, P. Desolle, F. Gerberick, F. Gerberick, F. Gerberick, M. Liebsch, M. Liebsch, W. Lovell, W. Lovell, T. Maurer, T. Maurer, T. Maurer, U. Pfannenbecker, U. Pfannenbecker, U. Pfannenbecker, J. Potthast, J. Potthast, J. Potthast, M. Csató, M. Csató, M. Csató, D. Šladowski, D. Šladowski, W. Steiling, W. Steiling, W. Steiling, P. Brantom, P. Brantom (1998)
The International EU/COLIPA In Vitro Phototoxicity Validation Study: Results of Phase II (Blind Trial). Part 1: The 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 12 3
R. Combes, M. Barratt, M. Balls (2003)
An Overall Strategy for the Testing of Chemicals for Human Hazard and Risk Assessment under the EU REACH SystemAlternatives to Laboratory Animals, 31
C. Eskes (2005)
Alternative (non-Animal) Methods for Cosmetics Testing : Current Status and Future Prospects. A Report Prepared in the Context of the 7th Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive for Establishing the Timetable for Phasing Out Animal Testing, 33
M. Balls, A. Goldberg, J. Fentem, R. Burch, J. Frazier, M. Jennings, David Morton, A. Rowan, Claire Russell, H. Spielmann, M. Stephens, D. Straughan, J. Yager, Diedersdorfer Weg (1995)
The Report and Recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 11
L. You (2007)
Toward computational systems biologyCell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 40
T. Walker, P. Rhodes, C. Westmoreland (2000)
The differential cytotoxicity of methotrexate in rat hepatocyte monolayer and spheroid cultures.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 14 5
Worth Andrew, Balls Michael (2002)
Alternative (Non-Animal) Methods for Chemicals Testing: Current Status and Future Prospects (A Report Prepared by ECVAM and the ECVAM WG on Chemicals)
(1990)
Report and recommendations of the CAAT/ERGATT workshop on the validation of toxicity test procedures
P. Botham (2007)
Outcome of the ECVAM skin irritation validation studyToxicology, 231
G. Grass, P. Sinko (2002)
Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic simulation modelling.Advanced drug delivery reviews, 54 3
J. Fentem, G. Archer, M. Balls, P. Botham, R. Curren, L. Earl, D. Esdaile, Hermann-Georg Holzhütter, M. Liebsch (1998)
The ECVAM International Validation Study on In Vitro Tests for Skin Corrosivity. 2. Results and Evaluation by the Management Team.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 12 4
Balls Michael, Blaauboer j., F. helen, Bruner Leon, C. D., E. Bjorn, Fielder Robin, Guillonzo Andre, L. Richard, Lovell David, R. Christoph, Sladowski Dariusz, S. Horst, Zucco Flavia (1995)
Practical Aspects of the Validation of Toxicity Test Procedures
J. Fentem, M. Chamberlain, Bart Sangster (2004)
The Feasibility of Replacing Animal Testing for Assessing Consumer Safety: A Suggested Future DirectionAlternatives to Laboratory Animals, 32
W. Stokes (2003)
The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM): Recent Progress in the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicity Testing Methods
M. Liebsch, D. Traue, C. Barrabas, H. Spielmann, P. Uphill, Susan Wilkins, J. McPherson, C. Wiemann, T. Kaufmann, Martina Remmele, Hermann-Georg Holzhütter (2000)
The ECVAM Prevalidation Study on the Use of EpiDerm for Skin Corrosivity TestingAlternatives to Laboratory Animals, 28
M. Albrecht, Carola Huthmacher, Silvio Tosatto, Thomas Lengauer (2005)
Decomposing protein networks into domain-domain interactionsBioinformatics, 21 Suppl 2
N. Bhogal, C. Grindon, R. Combes, M. Balls (2005)
Toxicity testing: creating a revolution based on new technologies.Trends in biotechnology, 23 6
R. Pearson, R. Bhandari, R. Quirk, K. Shakesheff (2002)
Recent advances in tissue engineering: an invited review.Journal of long-term effects of medical implants, 12 1
T. Hartung, S. Bremer, S. Casati, S. Coecke, R. Corvi, S. Fortaner, L. Gribaldo, M. Halder, A. Roi, P. Prieto, E. Sabbioni, Andrew Worth, V. Zuang (2003)
ECVAM's Response to the Changing Political Environment for Alternatives: Consequences of the European Union Chemicals and Cosmetics PoliciesAlternatives to Laboratory Animals, 31
P. Botham, M. Chamberlain, M. Barratt, R. Curren, D. Esdaile, J. Gardner, V. Gordon, Bernhard Hildebrand, Richard Lewis, M. Liebsch, P. Logemann, R. Osborne, M. Ponec, J. Régnier, W. Steiling, A. Walker, M. Balls (1995)
A Prevalidation Study on In Vitro Skin Corrosivity TestingAlternatives to Laboratory Animals, 23
S. Coecke, B. Blaauboer, G. Elaut, S. Freeman, A. Freidig, N. Gensmantel, P. Hoet, V. Kapoulas, B. Ladstetter, G. Langley, D. Leahy, G. Mannens, A. Meneguz, M. Monshouwer, B. Nemery, O. Pelkonen, W. Pfaller, P. Prieto, N. Proctor, V. Rogiers, A. Rostami-Hodjegan, E. Sabbioni, W. Steiling, J. Sandt (2005)
Toxicokinetics and metabolism.Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA, 33 Suppl 1
K. Atkinson, J. Fentem, R. Clothier, M. Balls (1992)
Alternatives to ocular irritation testing in animals.Lens and eye toxicity research, 9 3-4
S. Michelson (2003)
Assessing the Impact of Predictive Biosimulation on Drug Discovery and DevelopmentJournal of bioinformatics and computational biology, 1 1
M. Balls, P. Botham, L. Bruner, H. Spielmann (1995)
The EC/HO international validation study on alternatives to the draize eye irritation test.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA, 9 6
This paper presents a personal perspective on efforts during the past 15 years to replace animal testing for assessing the safety of chemicals and products. It is based on an invited lecture — the FRAME Annual Lecture — given in October 2005, with the theme of “making progress by working together” (government–industry–academia–NGOs). Where we have achieved some successes, these have clearly been due to effective cooperation and collaboration between the relevant stakeholders. In recent times, there has not been this same level of active commitment and coordination. This needs to change, since, if we are to make good progress in the years to come in responding to the new challenges of the EU policy to replace animal testing, this will undoubtedly require us to work together, hopefully facilitated by effective leadership and coordination from the EU policy-makers themselves.
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals – SAGE
Published: Feb 1, 2006
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.