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ATLA 28, 725–729, 2000 725 Comment The Prohibition of Routine Ascites Production of Monoclonal Antibodies in the United States: A Successful Application of the Alternatives Approach to Biomedical Research John E. McArdle Alternatives Research & Development Foundation, 14280 Golf View Drive, Eden Prairie, MN 55346, USA It has been more than 25 years since George decades following the original discovery, tens Kohler and Cesar Milstein published a short of millions of mice and rats suffered and scientific paper (1) describing their new died, although viable humane alternatives method for producing monoclonal antibodies were readily available. (mAbs). This revolutionary technique was During the same period, the appropriate- adopted in virtually every field of biomedical ness of using the ascites method was research and biotechnology, as well as in increasingly questioned in Europe. Milstein many areas of clinical diagnosis and treat- noted that “in later years, on both practical ment. It also created a major problem in rela- and humane grounds, I became concerned tion to the care and use of laboratory rats with the use of ascitic fluids” (personal com- and mice. munication). As new in vitro replacement Although the original method was princi- alternative techniques were developed and pally
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals – SAGE
Published: Sep 1, 2000
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