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D. Murray, Sherri Varnell, Jonathan Blitstein (2004)
Design and analysis of group-randomized trials: a review of recent methodological developments.American journal of public health, 94 3
S. Heeringa, Brady West, P. Berglund (2010)
Applied Survey Data Analysis
K. Rigby, P. Slee (2014)
Peer Relations Questionnaire
O. Siddiqui, D. Hedeker, B. Flay, F. Hu (1996)
Intraclass correlation estimates in a school-based smoking prevention study. Outcome and mediating variables, by sex and ethnicity.American journal of epidemiology, 144 4
(2002)
Estimates of intragroup
T. Snijders, R. Bosker (1999)
Multilevel analysis : an introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling
Catherine Bradshaw, Anne Sawyer, Lindsey O’Brennan (2009)
A Social Disorganization Perspective on Bullying-Related Attitudes and Behaviors: The Influence of School ContextAmerican Journal of Community Psychology, 43
Peter Smith, Robert Slonje (2010)
Cyberbullying: the nature and extent of a new kind of bullying, in and out of school
D. Murray, M. Clark, A. Wagenaar (2000)
Intraclass correlations from a community-based alcohol prevention study: the effect of repeat observations on the same communities.Journal of studies on alcohol, 61 6
R-K Kaltiala-Heino, M. Rimpelä, M. Marttunen, A. Rimpelä, P. Rantanen (1999)
Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school surveyBMJ, 319
K. Imai (1998)
Survey SamplingCurrent Sociology, 46
K. Smolkowski, A. Biglan, C. Dent, J. Seeley (2006)
The Multilevel Structure of Four Adolescent ProblemsPrevention Science, 7
P. Smith, Kirsten Madsen, Janet Moody (1999)
What causes the age decline in reports of being bullied at school? Towards a developmental analysis of risks of being bulliedEducational Research, 41
D. Murray, G. Phillips, A. Birnbaum, L. Lytle (2001)
Intraclass Correlation for Measures from a Middle School Nutrition Intervention Study: Estimates, Correlates, and ApplicationsHealth Education & Behavior, 28
(1998)
The Peer Relations Questionnaire. Point Lonsdale, Vic: The Professional Reading Guide for Educational Administrators
L. Bond, G. Patton, S. Glover, J. Carlin, H. Butler, L. Thomas, G. Bowes (2004)
The Gatehouse Project: can a multilevel school intervention affect emotional wellbeing and health risk behaviours?Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58
A. Donner, N. Klar (2004)
Pitfalls of and controversies in cluster randomization trials.American journal of public health, 94 3
D. Wolke, Sarah Woods, L. Bloomfield, L. Karstadt (2001)
Bullying involvement in primary school and common health problemsArchives of Disease in Childhood, 85
G. Rodŕıguez, I. Elo (2003)
Intra-class Correlation in Random-effects Models for Binary DataThe Stata Journal, 3
(2001)
Bullying behaviors among US youth
(1996)
Intraclass correlation estimates
L. Scheier, Kenneth Griffin, M. Doyle, G. Botvin (2002)
Estimates of Intragroup Dependence for Drug Use and Skill Measures in School-Based Drug Abuse Prevention Trials: An Empirical Study of Three Independent SamplesHealth Education & Behavior, 29
Jacob Cohen (1969)
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral SciencesThe SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design
R-K Kaltiala-Heino, M. Rimpelä, P. Rantanen, A. Rimpelä (2000)
Bullying at school--an indicator of adolescents at risk for mental disorders.Journal of adolescence, 23 6
PhD Nansel, M. Overpeck, S. DrPHRamani, PhD Pilla, MA Ruan, EdD Simons-Morton, MD Scheidt, Dr Pilla (2001)
Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth: Prevalence and Association With Psychosocial AdjustmentJAMA, 285
S. Rabe-Hesketh, A. Skrondal (2005)
Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata
J. Twisk (2006)
Applied multilevel analysis : a practical guide
P. Fonagy, S. Twemlow, E. Vernberg, J. Nelson, Edward Dill, T. Little, J. Sargent (2009)
A cluster randomized controlled trial of child-focused psychiatric consultation and a school systems-focused intervention to reduce aggression.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 50 5
K. Resnicow, Nanhua Zhang, R. Vaughan, S. Reddy, S. James, D. Murray (2010)
When intraclass correlation coefficients go awry: a case study from a school-based smoking prevention study in South Africa.American journal of public health, 100 9
S. Hymel, E. Wagner, Lynda Butler (1990)
Reputational bias: View from the peer group.
Karin Österman, K. Björkqvist, K. Lagerspetz, A. Kaukiainen, L. Huesmann, Adam Fr??czek (1994)
Peer and Self‐Estimated Aggression and Victimization in 8‐Year‐Old Children From Five Ethnic GroupsAggressive Behavior, 20
L. Arseneault, L. Bowes, Sania Shakoor (2009)
Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ‘Much ado about nothing’?Psychological Medicine, 40
D. Hutchison (2004)
CLUSTERING EFFECTS IN TIMSS
D. Murray, Jonathan Blitstein (2003)
Methods To Reduce The Impact Of Intraclass Correlation In Group-Randomized TrialsEvaluation Review, 27
J. Kiesner, T. Dishion, F. Poulin (2000)
Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence: A reinforcement model of conduct problems in children and adolescents: advances in theory and intervention
(2010)
PISA 2009 technical report (preliminary version)
D. Murray, Brenda Rooney, P. Hannan, A. Peterson, D. Ary, A. Biglan, G. Botvin, R. Evans, B. Flay, R. Futterman, J. Getz, Patrick Marek, M. Orlandi, M. Pentz, Cherly Perry, S. Schinke (1994)
Intraclass correlation among common measures of adolescent smoking: estimates, correlates, and applications in smoking prevention studies.American journal of epidemiology, 140 11
T. Dishion, Lee Owen (2002)
A longitudinal analysis of friendships and substance use: bidirectional influence from adolescence to adulthood.Developmental psychology, 38 4
D. Murray, J. Stevens, P. Hannan, D. Catellier, K. Schmitz, M. Dowda, T. Conway, J. Rice, Song Yang (2006)
School-level intraclass correlation for physical activity in sixth grade girls.Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 38 5
Mona Solberg, D. Olweus (2003)
Prevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully Victim QuestionnaireAggressive Behavior, 29
(2009)
Australian Covert Bullying Prevalence Study (ACBPS)
J. Carlin, J. Hocking (1999)
Design of cross‐sectional surveys using cluster sampling: an overview with Australian case studiesAustralian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 23
A. Pellegrini, M. Bartini (2000)
A Longitudinal Study of Bullying, Victimization, and Peer Affiliation During the Transition From Primary School to Middle School1American Educational Research Journal, 37
D. Olweus (2012)
Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire
(2001)
Bullying involvement in primary
D. Murray (1998)
Design and Analysis of Group- Randomized Trials
D. Murray, B. Short (1997)
Intraclass correlation among measures related to tobacco use by adolescents: estimates, correlates, and applications in intervention studies.Addictive behaviors, 22 1
A. Kärnä, M. Voeten, T. Little, E. Poskiparta, A. Kaljonen, C. Salmivalli (2011)
A large-scale evaluation of the KiVa antibullying program: grades 4-6.Child development, 82 1
D. Farrington, Maria Ttofi (2012)
School-Based Programs to Reduce Bullying and Victimization
Bullying between students at school can seriously affect students' health and academic outcomes. To date, little is known regarding the extent to which bullying behaviour is clustered within certain schools rather than similarly prevalent across all schools. Additionally, studies of bullying behaviour in schools that do not account for clustering of such behaviour by students within the same school are likely to be underpowered and yield imprecise estimates. This article presents intraclass correlation (ICC) values for bullying victimisation and perpetration measures based on a large representative sample of 106 Australian schools. Results show that bullying is not confined to specific schools and school differences contribute little to explaining students' bullying behaviour. Despite this, seemingly negligible ICC values can substantially affect the sample sizes required to attain sufficiently powered studies, when large numbers of students are sampled per school. Sample size calculations are illustrated.
Australian Journal of Education – SAGE
Published: Aug 1, 2012
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