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A. Streng, K. Linde, A. Hoppe, V. Pfaffenrath, M. Hammes, S. Wagenpfeil, W. Weidenhammer, D. Melchart (2006)
Effectiveness and Tolerability of Acupuncture Compared With Metoprolol in Migraine ProphylaxisHeadache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 46
B. Brinkhaus, C. Witt, S. Jena, K. Linde, A. Streng, S. Wagenpfeil, D. Irnich, Heinz-Ulrich Walther, D. Melchart, S. Willich (2006)
Acupuncture in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Archives of internal medicine, 166 4
H. Endres, G. Böwing, H. Diener, S. Lange, C. Maier, A. Molsberger, M. Zenz, A. Vickers, M. Tegenthoff (2007)
Acupuncture for tension-type headache: a multicentre, sham-controlled, patient-and observer-blinded, randomised trialThe Journal of Headache and Pain, 8
D. Melchart, A. Streng, A. Hoppe, B. Brinkhaus, C. Witt, S. Wagenpfeil, V. Pfaffenrath, M. Hammes, J. Hummelsberger, D. Irnich, W. Weidenhammer, S. Willich, K. Linde (2005)
Acupuncture in patients with tension-type headache: randomised controlled trialBMJ : British Medical Journal, 331
T. Reinhold, C. Witt, S. Jena, B. Brinkhaus, S. Willich (2008)
Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture treatment in patients with osteoarthritis painThe European Journal of Health Economics, 9
M. Haake, H. Müller, C. Schade-Brittinger, H. Basler, H. Schäfer, C. Maier, H. Endres, H. Trampisch, A. Molsberger (2007)
German Acupuncture Trials (GERAC) for chronic low back pain: randomized, multicenter, blinded, parallel-group trial with 3 groups.Archives of internal medicine, 167 17
B. Brinkhaus, C. Witt, S. Jena, B. Liecker, K. Wegscheider, S. Willich (2008)
Acupuncture in patients with allergic rhinitis: a pragmatic randomized trial.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 101 5
C. Witt, T. Reinhold, B. Brinkhaus, S. Roll, S. Jena, S. Willich (2008)
Acupuncture in patients with dysmenorrhea: a randomized study on clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in usual care.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 198 2
K. Linde, A. Streng, A. Hoppe, S. Jürgens, W. Weidenhammer, D. Melchart (2006)
The Programme for the Evaluation of Patient Care with Acupuncture (Pep-Ac) – a Project Sponsored by Ten German Social Health Insurance FundsAcupuncture in Medicine, 24
S. Willich, T. Reinhold, D. Selim, S. Jena, B. Brinkhaus, C. Witt (2006)
Cost-effectiveness of acupuncture treatment in patients with chronic neck painPain, 125
S. Berney (2007)
Acupuncture and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Three-Armed Randomized TrialYearbook of Medicine, 2007
C. Witt, S. Jena, B. Brinkhaus, B. Liecker, K. Wegscheider, S. Willich (2006)
Acupuncture in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip: a randomized, controlled trial with an additional nonrandomized arm.Arthritis and rheumatism, 54 11
K. Linde, A. Streng, S. Jürgens, A. Hoppe, B. Brinkhaus, C. Witt, S. Wagenpfeil, V. Pfaffenrath, M. Hammes, W. Weidenhammer, S. Willich, D. Melchart (2005)
Acupuncture for patients with migraine: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA, 293 17
C. Witt, S. Jena, B. Brinkhaus, B. Liecker, K. Wegscheider, S. Willich (2006)
Acupuncture for patients with chronic neck painPain, 125
H. Diener, K. Kronfeld, G. Boewing, M. Lungenhausen, C. Maier, A. Molsberger, M. Tegenthoff, H. Trampisch, M. Zenz, R. Meinert (2006)
Efficacy of acupuncture for the prophylaxis of migraine: a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trialThe Lancet Neurology, 5
C. Witt, S. Jena, D. Selim, B. Brinkhaus, T. Reinhold, Katja Wruck, B. Liecker, K. Linde, K. Wegscheider, S. Willich (2006)
Pragmatic randomized trial evaluating the clinical and economic effectiveness of acupuncture for chronic low back pain.American journal of epidemiology, 164 5
Claudia Witt, Thomas Reinhold, S. Jena, B. Brinkhaus, S. Willich (2008)
Cost-Effectiveness of Acupuncture Treatment in Patients With HeadacheCephalalgia, 28
S. Jena, C. Witt, B. Brinkhaus, K. Wegscheider, S. Willich (2008)
Acupuncture in Patients With HeadacheCephalalgia, 28
In October 2000 the German Federal Committee of Physicians and Health Insurers recommended that special Model Projects on Acupuncture (“Modellvorhaben Akupunktur”) be developed in order to determine the evidence-based role of acupuncture in the treatment of certain illnesses. This paper presents a summary of the main randomised controlled trials performed as part of these projects, and the associated economic analyses.Overall the results show that acupuncture is effective in practice for a range of chronic conditions, and it seems likely to have acceptable cost utility (at least at a rate of ¢35 per session). Sham acupuncture, in the form of minimal off-point needling in a therapeutic context, also appears to be effective, being no different to prophylactic medication in migraine, and superior to guideline-based standard care in chronic low back pain.In patients recruited to acupuncture trials, the response to treatment does not differ between those that agree to be randomised and those that do not. This suggests that the results of the pragmatic Acupuncture in Routine Care studies are applicable to patients from the general population who express a preference for acupuncture.In conclusion, acupuncture appears to be effective in a range of chronic conditions and it seems to have acceptable cost-effectiveness in Western health economic terms. These programmes of research do not confirm the hypothesis that needling at specific points is essential to achieve satisfactory clinical effects of acupuncture. Sham acupuncture, in the form of minimal off-point needling in a therapeutic context, is unlikely to be an inactive placebo.In April 2006, the German health authorities decided that acupuncture would be included into routine reimbursement by social health insurance funds for chronic low back pain and chronic osteoarthritis of the knee.
Acupuncture in Medicine – SAGE
Published: Mar 1, 2009
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