Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
S. Boehm (2016)
Applied Multivariate Techniques
K. Engelman, D. Altus, Michael Mosier, R. Mathews (2003)
Brief training to promote the use of less intrusive prompts by nursing assistants in a dementia care unit.Journal of applied behavior analysis, 36 1
D. Kunyk, Joann Olson (2001)
Clarification of conceptualizations of empathy.Journal of advanced nursing, 35 3
N. Folbre, J. Nelson (2000)
For Love or Money--Or Both?Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14
L. Franco, S. Bennett, R. Kanfer (2002)
Health sector reform and public sector health worker motivation: a conceptual framework.Social science & medicine, 54 8
G. Hudson (1993)
Empathy and technology in the coronary care unit.Intensive & critical care nursing, 9 1
Leslie Salzinger (2015)
For Love and Money: Care Provision in the United StatesContemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews, 44
H. Marsh, J. Balla, R. Mcdonald (1988)
Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis : The effect of sample sizePsychological Bulletin, 103
R. Hogan (1969)
Development of an empathy scale.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 33 3
Meika Loe, C. Moore (2012)
From Nursing Home to Green HouseJournal of Applied Gerontology, 31
N. Eisenberg, P. Miller (1987)
The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors.Psychological bulletin, 101 1
K. McGilton, D. Pringle, L. O'Brien-Pallas, F. Wynn, D. Streiner (2005)
Development and psychometric testing of the Relational Care Scale.Journal of nursing measurement, 13 1
(2011)
The caring self
M. Blegen, C. Goode, L. Reed (1998)
Nurse staffing and patient outcomes.Nursing research, 47 1
Jennifer Goetz, D. Keltner, Emiliana Simon-Thomas (2010)
Compassion: an evolutionary analysis and empirical review.Psychological bulletin, 136 3
F. Ejaz, M. Rose, James Jones (1996)
Changes in Attitudes Toward Restraints Among Nursing Home Staff and Residents' Families Following Restraint ReductionThe Journal of Applied Gerontology, 15
T. Karner (1998)
Professional caring: Homecare workers as fictive kinJournal of Aging Studies, 12
Adam Grant, Justin Berg (2011)
Prosocial Motivation at Work
Adam Grant, S. Ashford (2008)
The dynamics of proactivity at workResearch in Organizational Behavior, 28
R. Schoenberg, P. Cuttance, R. Ecob (1989)
Structural Modeling by Example: Applications in Educational, Sociological, and Behavioral Research.Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84
Judith Hall, D. Roter (2011)
Physician–Patient Communication
C. Lin (1996)
Patient satisfaction with nursing care as an outcome variable: dilemmas for nursing evaluation researchers.Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 12 4
C. Cready, D. Yeatts, M. Gosdin, H. Potts (2008)
CNA empowerment: effects on job performance and work attitudes.Journal of gerontological nursing, 34 3
W. Bonnel (1996)
Not gone and not forgotten: a spouse's experience of late-stage Alzheimer's disease.Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, 34 8
Karen Shetterley, D. Malone, L. Poon (1998)
ASSESSING TRAINING NEEDS OF GERIATRIC SERVICE PROVIDERS: PROGRAM RATIONALE AND FOCUS GROUP OUTCOMESEducational Gerontology, 24
Mark Davis (1983)
Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44
C. Oveis, E. Horberg, D. Keltner, Sara Algoe, C. Anderson, Jerry Clore, Oliver John (2010)
Compassion, pride, and social intuitions of self-other similarity.Journal of personality and social psychology, 98 4
Gawon Chung (2013)
Understanding nursing home worker conceptualizations about good care.The Gerontologist, 53 2
Joanne Olson (1995)
Relationships between nurse-expressed empathy, patient-perceived empathy and patient distress.Image--the journal of nursing scholarship, 27 4
Kerry Byrne, Krista Frazee, J. Sims-Gould, A. Martin-Matthews (2012)
Valuing the Older Person in the Context of Delivery and Receipt of Home SupportJournal of Applied Gerontology, 31
S. Horn, P. Buerhaus, N. Bergstrom, R. Smout (2005)
RN Staffing Time and Outcomes of Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents: Pressure ulcers and other adverse outcomes are less likely as RNs spend more time on direct patient care.AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 105
N. Schutte, J. Malouff, L. Hall, D. Haggerty, J. Cooper, C. Golden, L. Dornheim (1998)
Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence.Personality and Individual Differences, 25
P. England, M. Budig, N. Folbre (2002)
Wages of Virtue: The Relative Pay of Care WorkSocial Problems, 49
A. Schwartz, M. Vogel (1990)
Nursing home staff and residents' families role expectations.The Gerontologist, 30 1
Susan Pfefferle, D. Weinberg (2008)
Certified Nurse Assistants Making Meaning of Direct CareQualitative Health Research, 18
D. Cole (1987)
Utility of confirmatory factor analysis in test validation research.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 55 4
L. Penner, J. Dovidio, J. Piliavin, D. Schroeder (2005)
Prosocial behavior: multilevel perspectives.Annual review of psychology, 56
B. Hasselkus (1988)
Meaning in family caregiving: perspectives on caregiver/professional relationships.The Gerontologist, 28 5
J. Henderson, M. Vesperi, P. Stafford (1995)
The Culture of Long Term Care: Nursing Home Ethnography
K. McGilton, S. Guruge, Ruby Librado, Lois Bloch, V. Boscart (2008)
Health Care Aides' Struggle to Build and Maintain Relationships with Families in Complex Continuing Care Settings*Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 27
K. Squires (1994)
Defining care.Nursing New Zealand, 2 6
N. Ambady, Debi LaPlante, T. Nguyen, R. Rosenthal, N. Chaumeton, W. Levinson (2002)
Surgeons' tone of voice: a clue to malpractice history.Surgery, 132 1
James Anderson, D. Gerbing (1984)
The effect of sampling error on convergence, improper solutions, and goodness-of-fit indices for maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysisPsychometrika, 49
N. Castle (2008)
Nursing Home Caregiver Staffing Levels and Quality of CareJournal of Applied Gerontology, 27
C. Harris (2013)
Working with Older People and their Families ‘Key Issues in policy and practice’. Open University PressHealth and Social Care Chaplaincy, 5
D. Paulhus (1991)
Measurement and control of response bias.
S. Mercer, M. Maxwell, D. Heaney, G. Watt (2004)
The consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure: development and preliminary validation and reliability of an empathy-based consultation process measure.Family practice, 21 6
L. Urden (2002)
Patient satisfaction measurement: current issues and implications.Outcomes management, 6 3
L. Flicker (1999)
Dementia Reconsidered: the Person Comes FirstBMJ, 318
R. Posner (1984)
Physician-patient communication.The American journal of medicine, 77 3A
McCloskey Jm (1998)
Nurse staffing and patient outcomes.Nursing outlook, 46 5
E. Deci, R. Ryan (1975)
Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior
Sheila Rioux, Louis Penner (2001)
The causes of organizational citizenship behavior: a motivational analysis.The Journal of applied psychology, 86 6
Chantal Caron, J. Griffith, M. Arcand (2005)
Decision Making at the End of Life in Dementia: How Family Caregivers Perceive Their Interactions With Health Care Providers in Long-Term-Care SettingsThe Journal of Applied Gerontology, 24
Vikas Mittal, J. Rosen, Carrie Leana (2009)
A Dual-Driver Model of Retention and Turnover in the Direct Care Workforce
L. Dyne, Jeffrey LePine (1998)
Helping and Voice Extra-Role Behaviors: Evidence of Construct and Predictive ValidityAcademy of Management Journal, 41
Barbara Bowers, Barbara Fibich, Nora Jacobson (2001)
Care-as-service, care-as-relating, care-as-comfort: understanding nursing home residents' definitions of quality.The Gerontologist, 41 4
P. Mahon (1997)
Review of Measures of Patient Satisfaction with Nursing CareJournal of Nursing Scholarship, 29
R. Ryan, J. Connell (1989)
Perceived locus of causality and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains.Journal of personality and social psychology, 57 5
A. Mehrabian, N. Epstein (1972)
A measure of emotional empathy.Journal of personality, 40 4
L. Funk, K. Stajduhar (2013)
Analysis and Proposed Model of Family Caregivers’ Relationships With Home Health Providers and Perceptions of the Quality of Formal ServicesJournal of Applied Gerontology, 32
M. Engström, B. Skytt, A. Nilsson (2011)
Working life and stress symptoms among caregivers in elderly care with formal and no formal competence.Journal of nursing management, 19 6
Purpose:This study describes the development of a self-report survey measure of empathetic care. Empathetic care is defined as caregiving that supports clients’ socioemotional capabilities and addresses their emotional needs. It is distinct from instrumental care, which involves assisting with physical needs such as activities of daily living.Design and Method:Based on a literature review, structured interviews, and focus groups, we identify three dimensions of empathetic care: extra-role behavior, emotional support, and relational richness. We then developed a large pool of items that could tap into these dimensions and administered versions of the survey to nearly 300 health care paraprofessionals.Results:After performing exploratory factor analyses on a larger survey of 138 paraprofessionals, a 10-item, three-factor measure, the Empathetic Care Scale (ECS), was developed that predicts decisions on consequential allocation scenarios. A second sample of 125 paraprofessionals provided data for a confirmatory factor analysis; results suggested that the ECS has desirable psychometric properties and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Further samples demonstrated acceptable levels of test-retest reliability and no social desirability bias.Implications:This study provides a short self-report measure that can be used to gauge care workers’ individual levels of empathetic care. Future research can use this measure to explore relationships between ECS responses and previously proposed but untested outcomes such as patient well-being and employee burnout or turnover rates.
Journal of Applied Gerontology – SAGE
Published: Dec 1, 2015
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.