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R. Brandt (1987)
On Cooperation in Schools: A Conversation with David and Roger Johnson.Educational Leadership, 45
R. Slavin (1987)
Cooperative Learning and the Cooperative School.Educational Leadership, 45
D. Smith, D. Rivera (1988)
Teaching Students With Learning and Behavior Problems
N. Gronlund (1970)
Sociometry in the Classroom
FACILITATING COOPERATIVE LEARNING: A FORGOTTEN TOO L GETS IT STARTED Greg Peck Thoughtful grouping of students can have a positive impact on the classroom learning environment Teachers have seen many innovative ideas come and go in schools. The use of some of these ideas has caused teachers to adjust the way they group children. Programmed learning, indi- vidualized instruction, and ability grouping have had educational as wel l as social outcomes. The way children are grouped results in an interdependence among students or a lack of it. Johnson and Johnson (1975) have termed this interdependence a "goal structure." Interdependence among students may be cooperative, com- petitive, or individualized. Few educational innovations have tried to enhance educational performance by manipulating goal struc- tures or the interdependence among students. However, cooper- ative learning is an innovation whose foundation is the use of cooperative goal structures. Why Cooperative Learning? Cooperative learning is a method of grouping children for instruction. Teachers wh o use cooperative learning form children NOVEMBER 1989 145 into small groups where they work together to complete a com- mon task. This contrasts with individualized or ability grouping of children, where children may experience isolation or competi- tion. In cooperative
Academic Therapy – SAGE
Published: Nov 1, 1989
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