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Ecological Changes within a School District and Expenditure for Education1:

Ecological Changes within a School District and Expenditure for Education1: ECOLOGICAL CHANGES WITHIN A SCHOOL DISTRICT AND EXPENDITURE FOR EDUCATION1 G. ALAN HICKROD Lake Erie College A number of studies concerning social and economic determinants of local public school expenditures have appeared in recent years (Brazer, 1959; Hirsch, 1960; Sacks and Hellmuth, Jr., 1961; James, Thomas, and Dyck, 1963; Miner, 1963; Sacks, Harris, and Carrol, 1963; Hanson, 1964; Alkin, 1965). While these studies differ greatly in research design and in sampling they have three things in common. First, most of them emphasize the importance of community characteristics or "ecological" variables in determining expenditures locally raised. Other variables, often those relating to intergovernmental fiscal matters, are also impor­ tan t but their inclusion in the stochastic models rarely renders the eco­ logical variables useless for predictive purposes. Second, with only occasional exceptions, the models used have assumed that linear rela­ tionships exist between the independent and dependent variables. Third, the models have been cross-sectional, that is, the studies have been exe­ cuted at one point in time. A consumption or demand frame of reference for viewing educational expenditures has been suggested by several researchers (Benson, 1961; Brazer and David, 1962). The use of a consumption or demand con­ ceptual framework http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png American Educational Research Journal SAGE

Ecological Changes within a School District and Expenditure for Education1:

Hickrod, G. Alan
American Educational Research Journal , Volume 4 (3): 12 – Jun 24, 2016
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References (30)

Publisher
SAGE
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by American Educational Research Association
ISSN
0002-8312
eISSN
1935-1011
DOI
10.3102/00028312004003241
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

ECOLOGICAL CHANGES WITHIN A SCHOOL DISTRICT AND EXPENDITURE FOR EDUCATION1 G. ALAN HICKROD Lake Erie College A number of studies concerning social and economic determinants of local public school expenditures have appeared in recent years (Brazer, 1959; Hirsch, 1960; Sacks and Hellmuth, Jr., 1961; James, Thomas, and Dyck, 1963; Miner, 1963; Sacks, Harris, and Carrol, 1963; Hanson, 1964; Alkin, 1965). While these studies differ greatly in research design and in sampling they have three things in common. First, most of them emphasize the importance of community characteristics or "ecological" variables in determining expenditures locally raised. Other variables, often those relating to intergovernmental fiscal matters, are also impor­ tan t but their inclusion in the stochastic models rarely renders the eco­ logical variables useless for predictive purposes. Second, with only occasional exceptions, the models used have assumed that linear rela­ tionships exist between the independent and dependent variables. Third, the models have been cross-sectional, that is, the studies have been exe­ cuted at one point in time. A consumption or demand frame of reference for viewing educational expenditures has been suggested by several researchers (Benson, 1961; Brazer and David, 1962). The use of a consumption or demand con­ ceptual framework

Journal

American Educational Research Journal – SAGE

Published: Jun 24, 2016

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