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ATLA 30, Supplement 1, 7182, 2002 71 (OECD TG 408), and the combined repeat-dose tox- Introduction icity and reproductive toxicity screening test. During long-term exposure, some compounds can The detection of specific target organ and target induce adaptive processes in their target cells. organ system toxicity is an important aspect of tox- Changes in gene expression at the transcriptional, icological testing, and the conventional test proce- translational or post-translational levels can result dures involve chronic, repeat-dose in vivo testing, from the induction or inhibition of enzyme systems, often in a non-rodent species as well as in a rodent or by up-regulation or down-regulation of recep- species. This kind of predictive testing represents torligand interactions, thereby changing the func- an enormous challenge to those who, for a variety of tions of intracellular signal cascades. For instance, scientific and ethical reasons, would like to see ani- the increase of metallothionein expression follow- mal testing replaced by non-animal tests and test- ing exposure to low doses of metals permits a higher ing strategies. It will be worthwhile putting toxic dose to be tolerated (2). considerable skill and effort into attempts to meet Another important parameter to take into con- this challenge, not
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals – SAGE
Published: Jul 1, 2002
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