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346 Journal of Family History 47(3) again so that the process was easier and less costly. The postwar period as a whole was one of rising expectations, even though everyday life remained difficult. In her chapter on this era, Engel is right to emphasize the way in which the “double burden” affected women’s lives. Ironically, men’s “margin- ality in the household would contribute to a perceived crisis of masculinity in the late Soviet era, for which women would again be held responsible” (185). Grandmothers stepped in to fill the void and they are fixtures in female-headed households down to the present. In her final chapter, Engel addresses the catastrophic impact the collapse of the USSR had on family life. In the 1990s, state supports for women and the family disappeared entirely, and the birth- rate fell even further as the economy contracted. Patriarchal rhetoric, and occasional pro-natalist cam- paigns, have flourished in the media but have had little actual effect, given that women’s work remained vital to family budgets. Indeed, in 2017—in other words, long after the worst effects of the economic collapse of the 1990s were over—48.6% of the Russian workforce was female (206). Socio-economic inequality was a
"Journal of Family History: Studies in Family, Kinship, Gender, and Demography" – SAGE
Published: Jul 1, 2022
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