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ATLA 37, 285–289, 2009 285 286 Declaration of Bologna Background to the Three Rs Declaration of Bologna, as Adopted by the 3rd World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, Bologna, Italy, on 31 August 1999 Prepared by the Executive Committee of the Congress cant developments took place during the 1970s, Introduction including the publication of a survey of Altern - Laboratory animal procedures have made signifi- atives to Animal Experiments, conducted for the cant contributions to biomedical research in the Research Defence Society by Professor David past, as well as to the safety and efficacy evaluation Smyth, in which he provided a Three Rs definition of chemicals and products of various kinds. Some of alternatives (2): such use of vertebrate animals will continue for the foreseeable future, in the interests of human beings “All procedures which can completely replace the and other animals. need for animal experiments, reduce the number of animals required, or diminish the amount of pain or distress suffered by animals in meeting the The Origins of the Three Rs Concept essential needs of man and other animals.” What are now known as the Three Rs of Russell & The 1980s saw
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals – SAGE
Published: Jul 1, 2009
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