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J. Goodlad, R. Anderson (1959)
The nongraded elementary school
G. Snedecor (1946)
Statistical methods applied to experiments in agriculture and biology.Journal of the American Statistical Association, 109
(1960)
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Mary Skapski (1960)
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(1962)
The Case for Nongraded, Homogeneous Grouping.
A. Gates (1961)
Sex Differences in Reading AbilityThe Elementary School Journal, 61
R. Carbone (1961)
A Comparison of Graded and Non-Graded Elementary SchoolsThe Elementary School Journal, 62
Vivien Ingram (1960)
Flint Evaluates Its Primary CycleThe Elementary School Journal, 61
The Nongraded Primary Unit
Kent Austin (1957)
The Ungraded Primary SchoolChildhood education, 33
Ungraded Primary
Reginald Kierstead (1963)
A Comparison and Evaluation of Two Methods of Organization for the Teaching of ReadingJournal of Educational Research, 56
AN EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF PUPIL ACHIEVEMENT AND OTHER VARIABLES IN GRADED AND UNGRADED CLASSES KENNET H D. HOPKINS, 0. A. OLDRIDGE, and MALCOLM L. WILLIAMSON University of Colorado, University of British Columbia, and University of Southern California INTRODUCTION During the past decade, interest in classroom organization and struc ture has increased, particularly interest in the ungraded, or nongraded, school. Goodlad and Anderson (1959) listed approximately fifty commu nities in which schools were using this type of organization, usually at the primary level. Much has been written regarding the purported superiority of the nongraded system (Anderson, 1962; Downs, 1960; Goodlad and Anderson, 1959; Gore, 1962; Time, 1963). Increased academic achieve ment is frequently mentioned. However, surprisingly little empirical re search on this point has been reported. Regarding the comparative achievement of pupils in graded and ungraded schools, Goodlad and Anderson (1959, p. 57) said: ". . . there is no evidence to suggest any thing. We have little more than inadequate firsthand impressions to go on." Later, in surveying the research on classroom organization, Goodlad (1960, p. 222) again commented, "Nongrading is supported by some plausible-sounding claims and theories rather than by research." Results of the studies that have been
American Educational Research Journal – SAGE
Published: Jun 23, 2016
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