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References (6)
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G. Jackson (1975)
The Research Evidence on the Effects of Grade RetentionReview of Educational Research, 45
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C. Holmes, Kenneth Matthews (1984)
The Effects of Nonpromotion on Elementary and Junior High School Pupils: A Meta-AnalysisReview of Educational Research, 54
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(1984)
An analysis of the impact of retention on kindergarten children -
Assistant Professor of Education, Indiana University at Fort Wayne, Division of Education -
Specialization: educational evaluation. CAROL R. AYABE, Research and Evaluation -
G. Leinhardt (1980)
Transition rooms: promoting maturation or reducing education?Journal of educational psychology, 72 1
- Publisher
- SAGE
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2019 by American Educational Research Association
- ISSN
- 0002-8312
- eISSN
- 1935-1011
- DOI
- 10.3102/00028312024001107
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
This study examined the long-term impact of retention/promotion decisions on the academic achievement of primary grade students. First-, second-, and third-grade retainees were matched on several variables with same-age students who were not retained. Results of same-year comparisons indicated that retained students significantly improve their relative class standing by the end of the retained year, and in some cases they maintain this advantage over a 2-year period; however, after 3 years there are no differences between retained and promoted students. Comparisons of same-grade level performance provided some evidence that second- and third-grade retainees experience more sustained benefits from retention, although these benefits are delayed one year.
Journal
American Educational Research Journal – SAGE
Published: Jun 23, 2016