Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
L. Leape, T. Brennan, Nanm Laird, A. Lawthers, A. Localio, B. Barnes, L. Hebert, J. Newhouse, P. Weiler, H. Hiatt (1991)
The nature of adverse events in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study II.The New England journal of medicine, 324 6
Eric Larson, W. Kukull, D. Buchner, B. Reifler (1987)
Adverse drug reactions associated with global cognitive impairment in elderly persons.Annals of internal medicine, 107 2
D. Bates, N. Spell, D. Cullen, E. Burdick, N. Laird, L. Petersen, S. Small, B. Sweitzer, L. Leape (1997)
The Costs of Adverse Drug Events in Hospitalized PatientsJAMA, 277
C. Naranjo, N. Shear, K. Lanctôt (1992)
Advances in the Diagnosis of Adverse Drug ReactionsThe Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 32
T. Gandhi, H. Burstin, E. Cook, A. Puopolo, J. Haas, T. Brennan, D. Bates (2000)
Drug complications in outpatientsJournal of General Internal Medicine, 15
A. Jha, G. Kuperman, J. Teich, L. Leape, Brian Shea, E. Rittenberg, E. Burdick, D. Seger, M. Vliet, D. Bates (1998)
Research Paper: Identifying Adverse Drug Events: Development of a Computer-based Monitor and Comparison with Chart Review and Stimulated Voluntary ReportJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 5 3
R. Miller (1974)
Hospital admissions due to adverse drug reactions. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program.Archives of internal medicine, 134 2
G. Faich, D. Knapp, M. Dreis, W. Turner (1987)
National adverse drug reaction surveillance: 1985.JAMA, 257 15
J. Johnson, J. Bootman (1995)
Drug-related morbidity and mortality. A cost-of-illness model.Archives of internal medicine, 155 18
T. Grasela, C. Walawander, D. Kennedy, H. Jolson (1993)
Capability of hospital computer systems in performing drug-use evaluations and adverse drug event monitoring.American journal of hospital pharmacy, 50 9
D. Bates, L. Leape, D. Cullen, N. Laird, L. Petersen, J. Teich, E. Burdick, M. Hickey, S. Kleefield, B. Shea, M. Vliet, D. Seger (1998)
Effect of computerized physician order entry and a team intervention on prevention of serious medication errors.JAMA, 280 15
L. Iezzoni, A. Ash, M. Shwartz, J. Daley, J. Hughes, Y. Mackiernan (1996)
Judging hospitals by severity-adjusted mortality rates: the influence of the severity-adjustment method.American journal of public health, 86 10
J. Schneider, L. Mion, J. Frengley (1992)
Adverse drug reactions in an elderly outpatient population.American journal of hospital pharmacy, 49 1
G. Kellaway, E. McCrae (1975)
Non-compliance and errors of drug administration in patients discharged from acute medical wards.The New Zealand medical journal, 81 541
D. Bates, D. Cullen, N. Laird, L. Petersen, S. Small, D. Servi, G. Laffel, B. Sweitzer, B. Shea, R. Hallisey (1995)
Incidence of Adverse Drug Events and Potential Adverse Drug Events: Implications for PreventionJAMA, 274
D. Cullen, D. Bates, S. Small, J. Cooper, A. Nemeskal, L. Leape (1995)
The incident reporting system does not detect adverse drug events: a problem for quality improvement.The Joint Commission journal on quality improvement, 21 10
Una Kistner, Matthew Keith, Kimberley Sergeant, James Hokanson (1994)
Accuracy of dispensing in a high-volume, hospital-based outpatient pharmacy.American journal of hospital pharmacy, 51 22
B. Finn, B. Carlstedt (1995)
Reporting adverse drug reactions in an ambulatory care setting.American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 52 23
J. Sills, L. Tanner, J. Milstien (1986)
Food and Drug Administration monitoring of adverse drug reactions.American journal of hospital pharmacy, 43 11
L. Iezzoni, J. Daley, Timothy Heeren, S. Foley, J. Hughes, E. Fisher, C. Duncan, G. Coffman (1994)
Using administrative data to screen hospitals for high complication rates.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing, 31 1
(1996)
Health Care Almanac and Yearbook: The Single-volume Desk Reference for Facts, Figures, Resources
Gary Friedman, M. Collen, Leon Harris, E. Brunt, L. Davis (1971)
Experience in monitoring drug reactions in outpatients. The Kaiser-Permanente Drug Monitoring System.JAMA, 217 5
T. Lesar, L. Briceland, Daniel Stein (1997)
Factors related to errors in medication prescribing.JAMA, 277 4
B. Honigman, P. Light, R. Pulling, D. Bates (2001)
A computerized method for identifying incidents associated with adverse drug events in outpatientsInternational journal of medical informatics, 61 1
Stewart Rb, Cluff Le (1971)
Studies on the epidemiology of adverse drug reactions. VI. Utilization and interactions of prescription and nonprescription drugs in outpatients.The Johns Hopkins medical journal, 129
Jason Lazarou, B. Pomeranz, Paul Corey (1998)
Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.JAMA, 279 15
J. Johnson, J. Bootman (1995)
Drug-Related Morbidity and Mortality: A Cost-of-Illness ModelJAMA Internal Medicine, 155
R. Stewart, L. Cluff (1972)
A review of medication errors and compliance in ambulant patientsClinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 13
Evans Rs, Pestotnik Sl, D. Classen, T. Clemmer, L. Weaver, J. Orme, J. Lloyd, J. Burke (1998)
A computer-assisted management program for antibiotics and other antiinfective agents.The New England journal of medicine, 338 4
M. Charlson, P. Pompei, Kathy Ales, C. MacKenzie (1987)
A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation.Journal of chronic diseases, 40 5
D. Classen, S. Pestotnik, R. Evans, J. Lloyd, J. Burke (1997)
Adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. Excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality.JAMA, 277 4
H. Jick (1974)
Drugs--remarkably nontoxic.The New England journal of medicine, 291 16
G. Caranasos, R. Stewart, L. Cluff (1974)
Drug-induced illness leading to hospitalization.JAMA, 228 6
J. Darnell, M. Murray, B. Martz, M. Weinberger (1986)
Medication Use By Ambulatory ElderlyJournal of the American Geriatrics Society, 34
L. Klein, P. German, D. Levine, E. Feroli, Joan Ardery (1984)
Medication problems among outpatients. A study with emphasis on the elderly.Archives of internal medicine, 144 6
W. Campbell, R. Johnson, R. Senft, D. Azevêdo (1977)
Treated Adverse Effects of Drugs in an Ambulatory PopulationMedical Care, 15
G. Kellaway, E. McCrae (1973)
Intensive monitoring for adverse drug effects in patients discharged from acute medical wards.The New Zealand medical journal, 78 505
(1992)
SAS. Release 6.11. Cary, NC: SAS Institute
D. Bates (1998)
Drugs and adverse drug reactions: how worried should we be?JAMA, 279 15
K. Koch (1990)
Use of standardized screening procedures to identify adverse drug reactions.American journal of hospital pharmacy, 47 6
J. Gurwitz, Robert Goldberg, A. Holden, Nancy Knapic, J. Ansell (1988)
Age-related risks of long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.Archives of internal medicine, 148 8
R. Raschke, Bea Gollihare, Thomas Wunderlich, J. Guidry, A. Leibowitz, J. Peirce, Lee Lemelson, Mark Heisler, Cynthia Susong (1998)
A computer alert system to prevent injury from adverse drug events: development and evaluation in a community teaching hospital.JAMA, 280 15
R. Johnson, D. Azevêdo, W. Campbell, D. Christensen (1978)
Examining Physicians' Drug Order Recording BehaviorMedical Care, 16
Tom Hutchinson, Ken Flegel, Michael Kramer, Michael Kramer, Denis Leduc, Herbert Kong (1986)
Frequency, severity and risk factors for adverse drug reactions in adult out-patients: a prospective study.Journal of chronic diseases, 39 7
C. Martys (1979)
Adverse reactions to drugs in general practice.British Medical Journal, 2
R. Mulroy (1973)
Iatrogenic Disease in General Practice: Its Incidence and EffectsBritish Medical Journal, 2
AbstractObjective: To evaluate the use of a computer program to identify adverse drug events (ADEs) in the ambulatory setting and to evaluate the relative contribution of four computer search methods for identifying ADEs, including diagnosis codes, allergy rules, computer event monitoring rules, and text searching.Design: Retrospective analysis of one year of data from an electronic medical record, including records for 23,064 patients with a primary care physician, of whom 15,665 actually came for care.Measurement: Presence of an ADE; sensitivity and specificity of computer searches for ADE.Results: The computer program identified 25,056 incidents, which were associated with an estimated 864 (95 percent confidence interval [CI], 750–978) ADEs. Thus, the ADE rate was 5.5 (CI, 5.2–5.9) per 100 patients coming for care. Furthermore, in 79 (CI, 68–89) ADEs, the patient required hospitalization, resulting in an estimated rate of 3.4 (CI, 2.7–4.3) admissions per 1,000 patients. The sensitivity of the search methods for identifying ADEs was estimated to be 58 (CI, 18–98) percent, and the estimated specificity was 88 (CI, 87–88) percent. The positive predictive value was 7.5 (CI, 6.5–8.5) percent, and the negative predictive value was 99.2 (CI, 95.5–99.98) percent. Compared with age and gender-matched controls with no positive screen, patients with ADEs had twice as many outpatient visits and were taking nearly three times as many drugs. Antihypertensives, ACE-inhibitors, antibiotics, and diuretics were associated with 56 (CI, 47–65) percent of ADEs. Among ADEs, 23 (CI, 16–32) percent were lifethreatening or serious, and 38 (CI, 29–47) percent were judged preventable.Conclusion: Computerized search programs can detect ADEs, and free-text searches were especially useful. Adverse drug events were frequent, and admissions were not rare, although most hospitals today do not identify them. Thus, such detection programs demonstrate “value-added” for the electronic record and may be useful for directing and assessing the impact of quality improvement efforts.
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association – Oxford University Press
Published: May 1, 2001
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.