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Toxicity of Selected Insecticides (Spinosad, Spinetoram, and Isoclast Active [Sulfoxaflor]) to Bed Bugs, 2005 and 2009*

Toxicity of Selected Insecticides (Spinosad, Spinetoram, and Isoclast Active [Sulfoxaflor]) to... Arthropod Management Tests, 2015, 1–2 doi: 10.1093/amt/tsv199 (J1) URBAN, INDUSTRIAL, AND STRUCTURAL PESTS Toxicity of Selected Insecticides (Spinosad, Spinetoram, and Isoclast Active [Sulfoxaflor]) to Bed Bugs, 2005 and 2009* Ronda L. Hamm, Mike P. Tolley, Eva Chin-Heady, and Timothy Foard Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268, Phone: (317) 337-6987, Fax: (317) 337-3205 (rlhamm@dow.com; mptolley@dow.com; echin@dow.com; TFoard@icrlab.com) and Corresponding author, e-mail: rlhamm@dow.com Subject Editor: Shripat Kamble bed bug | Cimex lectularius (2R,3aS,5aR,5bS,9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bR)-2-(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-a-L-mannopyranosyloxy)-13-(4-dimethylamino-2,3,4, 6-tetradeoxy-b-D-erythropyranosyloxy)-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16a,16b-hexadecahydro-14-methyl-1H- as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione; (2S,3aR,5aS,5bS,9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bS)-2-(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-a- L-mannopyranosyloxy)-13-(4-dimethylamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-b-D-erythropyranosyloxy)-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,7,9,10,11, 12,13,14,15,16a,16b-hexadecahydro-4,14-dimethyl-1H-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione; (2R,3aR,5aR,5bS, 9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bR)-2-(6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-a-L-mannopyranosyloxy)-13-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)te- trahydro-6-methylpyran-2-yloxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-hexadecahydro-14-methyl-1H-as-inda- ceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione; (2S,3aR,5aS,5bS,9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bS)-2-(6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-a- L-mannopyranosyloxy)-13-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro-6-methylpyran-2-yloxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11, 12,13,14,16a,16b-tetradecahydro-4,14-dimethyl-1H-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione; [methyl(oxo){1-[6-(tri- fluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl}-k -sulfanylidene]cyanamide Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius (L.), have become a rapidly spreading t-test was performed to find any statistically significant differences and difficult pest to control in the USA and other developed coun- between concentrations. tries. Spinosad, spinetoram, and sulfoxaflor were evaluated as al- Spinosad and spinetoram exhibited a clear dose response ternative treatments for controlling bed bugs given the reported (Table 1). Maximum mortality for spinetoram and spinosad was 82% resistance to commonly used pyrethroids. Concentrations tested and 50%, respectively at the 5,000 ppm dose. Steelman et al. (2008) were 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 ppm prepared in acetone determined the contact LC of spinosad at 48 h ranged from 69.3 to and topically applied to laboratory-reared susceptible strain mixed 650.9 ppm. The difference in results could be due to the topical versus sex adults to determine efficacy. Five replicates of ten adult bed contact bioassays used in the methods. Isoclast had >90% mortality bugs were treated with spinosad and spinetoram. Bed bugs were by day 4 for the 5,000 ppm dose and by day 7 for 500 and 1,000 ppm treated topically with a 1 lL droplet of desired concentrations on (Table 2). Deltamethrin provided complete control (100% mortality) the dorsal thorax with a micro syringe. Mortality for spinosad and at all doses tested (50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 ppm). spinetoram was recorded daily for 3 days or if no mortality during this time, up to 5 days. Seven replicates of ten adult bed bugs were TM References Cited tested with Isoclast Active (sulfoxaflor). Mortality for Isoclast was recorded daily for up to 7 days. Bed bugs were treated topi- Abbott, W. S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. cally with 1 lL of desired concentrations on the dorsum of the J. Econ. Entomol. 18: 265–267. thorax. Bed bugs were maintained in the laboratory under ambient Steelman, C. D., Szalanski, A. L., Trout, R., McKern, J. A., Solorzano, C., and Austin, J. W. 2008. Susceptibility of the bed bug Cimex lectularius L. temperature and 60% relative humidity conditions for the dura- (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) collected in poultry production facilities to se- tion of the test. Abbott’s formula (Abbott 1925) was used to lected insecticides. J. Agric. Urban Entomol. 25: 41–51. correct for control mortality. An analysis of variance or Student’s * This research was supported by industry. V C The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America. 1 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com 2 Arthropod Management Tests, 2015, Vol. 40, No. 1 Table 1 a a Spinosad Spinetoram PPM 1 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 120 h 1 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 120 h 50 0 4 6 8 10 0 14 22 26 26 100 2 2 12 18 20 0 12 20 20 22 200 0 10 16 20 22 0 12 22 24 30 500 2 8 20 24 32 0 24 40 42 52 1,000 0 22 34 36 48 2 26 38 44 56 5,000 6 28 42 46 50 0 56 56 72 82 Control 04 46 10 Percent mortalities were corrected using Abbot’s Formula to account for control mortality. Control data were used for both spinosad and spinetoram % mortality calculations Table 2 a a Isoclast active Deltamethrin PPM 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 120 h 168 h 5 h 50 4 15 31 44 52 64 100 100 7 18 34 50 63 74 100 200 13 38 56 62 72 80 100 500 16 41 66 77 80 92 100 1,000 21 41 81 86 89 92 100 5,000 40 62 85 93 94 97 100 Control 0 3 3 6 9 13 100 Percent mortalities were corrected using Abbot’s Formula to account for control mortality. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

Toxicity of Selected Insecticides (Spinosad, Spinetoram, and Isoclast Active [Sulfoxaflor]) to Bed Bugs, 2005 and 2009*

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Oxford University Press
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The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America.
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10.1093/amt/tsv199
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Abstract

Arthropod Management Tests, 2015, 1–2 doi: 10.1093/amt/tsv199 (J1) URBAN, INDUSTRIAL, AND STRUCTURAL PESTS Toxicity of Selected Insecticides (Spinosad, Spinetoram, and Isoclast Active [Sulfoxaflor]) to Bed Bugs, 2005 and 2009* Ronda L. Hamm, Mike P. Tolley, Eva Chin-Heady, and Timothy Foard Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268, Phone: (317) 337-6987, Fax: (317) 337-3205 (rlhamm@dow.com; mptolley@dow.com; echin@dow.com; TFoard@icrlab.com) and Corresponding author, e-mail: rlhamm@dow.com Subject Editor: Shripat Kamble bed bug | Cimex lectularius (2R,3aS,5aR,5bS,9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bR)-2-(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-a-L-mannopyranosyloxy)-13-(4-dimethylamino-2,3,4, 6-tetradeoxy-b-D-erythropyranosyloxy)-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16a,16b-hexadecahydro-14-methyl-1H- as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione; (2S,3aR,5aS,5bS,9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bS)-2-(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-a- L-mannopyranosyloxy)-13-(4-dimethylamino-2,3,4,6-tetradeoxy-b-D-erythropyranosyloxy)-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,7,9,10,11, 12,13,14,15,16a,16b-hexadecahydro-4,14-dimethyl-1H-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione; (2R,3aR,5aR,5bS, 9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bR)-2-(6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-a-L-mannopyranosyloxy)-13-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)te- trahydro-6-methylpyran-2-yloxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-hexadecahydro-14-methyl-1H-as-inda- ceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione; (2S,3aR,5aS,5bS,9S,13S,14R,16aS,16bS)-2-(6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-a- L-mannopyranosyloxy)-13-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)tetrahydro-6-methylpyran-2-yloxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11, 12,13,14,16a,16b-tetradecahydro-4,14-dimethyl-1H-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecine-7,15-dione; [methyl(oxo){1-[6-(tri- fluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl}-k -sulfanylidene]cyanamide Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius (L.), have become a rapidly spreading t-test was performed to find any statistically significant differences and difficult pest to control in the USA and other developed coun- between concentrations. tries. Spinosad, spinetoram, and sulfoxaflor were evaluated as al- Spinosad and spinetoram exhibited a clear dose response ternative treatments for controlling bed bugs given the reported (Table 1). Maximum mortality for spinetoram and spinosad was 82% resistance to commonly used pyrethroids. Concentrations tested and 50%, respectively at the 5,000 ppm dose. Steelman et al. (2008) were 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 ppm prepared in acetone determined the contact LC of spinosad at 48 h ranged from 69.3 to and topically applied to laboratory-reared susceptible strain mixed 650.9 ppm. The difference in results could be due to the topical versus sex adults to determine efficacy. Five replicates of ten adult bed contact bioassays used in the methods. Isoclast had >90% mortality bugs were treated with spinosad and spinetoram. Bed bugs were by day 4 for the 5,000 ppm dose and by day 7 for 500 and 1,000 ppm treated topically with a 1 lL droplet of desired concentrations on (Table 2). Deltamethrin provided complete control (100% mortality) the dorsal thorax with a micro syringe. Mortality for spinosad and at all doses tested (50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 ppm). spinetoram was recorded daily for 3 days or if no mortality during this time, up to 5 days. Seven replicates of ten adult bed bugs were TM References Cited tested with Isoclast Active (sulfoxaflor). Mortality for Isoclast was recorded daily for up to 7 days. Bed bugs were treated topi- Abbott, W. S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. cally with 1 lL of desired concentrations on the dorsum of the J. Econ. Entomol. 18: 265–267. thorax. Bed bugs were maintained in the laboratory under ambient Steelman, C. D., Szalanski, A. L., Trout, R., McKern, J. A., Solorzano, C., and Austin, J. W. 2008. Susceptibility of the bed bug Cimex lectularius L. temperature and 60% relative humidity conditions for the dura- (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) collected in poultry production facilities to se- tion of the test. Abbott’s formula (Abbott 1925) was used to lected insecticides. J. Agric. Urban Entomol. 25: 41–51. correct for control mortality. An analysis of variance or Student’s * This research was supported by industry. V C The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of America. 1 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com 2 Arthropod Management Tests, 2015, Vol. 40, No. 1 Table 1 a a Spinosad Spinetoram PPM 1 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 120 h 1 h 24 h 48 h 72 h 120 h 50 0 4 6 8 10 0 14 22 26 26 100 2 2 12 18 20 0 12 20 20 22 200 0 10 16 20 22 0 12 22 24 30 500 2 8 20 24 32 0 24 40 42 52 1,000 0 22 34 36 48 2 26 38 44 56 5,000 6 28 42 46 50 0 56 56 72 82 Control 04 46 10 Percent mortalities were corrected using Abbot’s Formula to account for control mortality. Control data were used for both spinosad and spinetoram % mortality calculations Table 2 a a Isoclast active Deltamethrin PPM 24 h 48 h 72 h 96 h 120 h 168 h 5 h 50 4 15 31 44 52 64 100 100 7 18 34 50 63 74 100 200 13 38 56 62 72 80 100 500 16 41 66 77 80 92 100 1,000 21 41 81 86 89 92 100 5,000 40 62 85 93 94 97 100 Control 0 3 3 6 9 13 100 Percent mortalities were corrected using Abbot’s Formula to account for control mortality.

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Arthropod Management Tests – Oxford University Press

Published: Dec 31, 2015

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