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MID-SUMMER MITE STUDY, 2004

MID-SUMMER MITE STUDY, 2004 (A14) APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhausen, ‘Golden delicious’, ‘Yorking’ Larry A. Hull Penn State University Fruit Research and Extension Center Biglerville, PA 17307-0330 Phone: (717) 677-6116 Fax: (717) 677-4112 E-mail: lah4@psu.edu European red mite (ERM): Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Mite predator (SP): Stethorus punctum (LeConte) Mite predator (ZM): Zetzellia mali) (Ewing) Phytoseiid mite predators (PMP): Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) Twospotted spider mite (TSSM): Tetranychus urticae Koch A study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Zeal when applied to both sides of the tree (complete spray) versus when the product was applied to alternate sides of the tree (alternate row middle [ARM] method). All treatments were replicated four times and applied to 12-15 tree plots in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of alternating trees of ‘Golden Delicious' and ‘Yorking’ trees. These trees were planted to a spacing of 18 × 25 ft and were 25 yr old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.4 mph as a complete spray. The application dates for the complete spray treatments was 28 Jun and the alternate side treatments was 28 Jun and 6 Jul (Table 1). A routine schedule of insecticides (Guthion 50WP) and fungicides (Topsin M 85DF and Ziram 76WP) was maintained throughout the experiment. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the ERM, TSSM, PMP and ZM was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves per tree (cv. Yorking – one center tree plot), 100 leaves per treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the same trees. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher’s Protected LSD mean separation. Pest pressure was moderate to high throughout the season. On 8 Jul, 10 days post-treatment for the complete application of Zeal and two days posttreatment for the second side of the ARM application of Zeal, both Zeal treatments had reduced ERM populations below the untreated check and the complete application of Nexter (Table 1). Both application methods provided excellent control of ERM for the remainder of the season while ERM populations quickly rebounded on the Nexter treatment. The rate of Nexter used in this study was 20% below the label rate. PMP populations were lower on the Zeal treatments than on the Nexter and untreated check treatments in early Aug (Table 3). This was probably due to the higher ERM populations on the latter two treatments rather than a toxicity problem due to Zeal. Table 1. ERM/leaf Treatment/ Rate Rate formulation amt product/acre lb(AI)/acre Date of Application 24 Jun 2 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 30 Jul 4 Aug 11 Aug 17 Aug Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 28 Jun (complete) 11.2a 9.3a 3.3a 1.5a 2.6a 2.7a 3.7a 1.6a 5.0a Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 28 Jun, 6 Jul (ARM) 11.7a 8.4a 2.5a 2.0a 1.4a 3.8a 1.7a 1.3a 1.1a Nexter 75WP 100.0 g 0.165 28 Jun (complete) 8.0a 5.2a 7.7b 11.3b 18.1b 23.9b 17.6a 8.1a 1.9a Untreated check --- --- 11.4a 18.9a 34.0c 36.3c 46.2c 19.8b 30.1a 3.6a 3.1a Means within columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher's Protected LSD, P > 0.05). Alternate row middle. Table 2. SP/3 min TSSM/leaf Adult Larvae Adult Adult Larvae Adult Larvae Adult Larvae Treatment/ Rate Rate formulation amt product/acre lb(AI)/acre 24 Jun 2 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 21 Jul 30 Jul 4 Aug 4 Aug 11 Aug 11 Aug 17 Aug 17 Aug Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.4a 0.2a 0.1a 0.0a 0.0a 0.3a 0.0b 0.3a 1.0a 0.3a 0.0a 0.5a 0.0b Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.2a 0.2a 0.0a 0.0a 0.3a 0.0a 0.0a 0.0b 0.5a 0.5a 0.0a 0.0a 0.0b Nexter 75WP 100.0 g 0.165 0.5a 0.1a 0.0a 0.1a 0.8a 0.3a 0.3b 1.3a 3.0a 3.0a 0.3a 3.3a 1.3a Untreated check --- --- 1.2a 0.2a 0.5b 0.3a 1.5a 0.0a 1.8a 0.8a 0.8a 1.8a 0.5a 3.8a 0.0b Means within columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher's Protected LSD, P > 0.05). Table 3. PMP/leaf Treatment/ Rate Rate formulation amt product/acre lb(AI)/acre 24 Jun 2 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 30 Jul 4 Aug 11 Aug 19 Aug Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.1a 0.0a 0.1a 0.1b 0.0b 0.1a 0.1a 0.3b 0.4a Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.2a 0.2a 0.0a 0.3b 0.1b 0.1a 0.3a 0.2b 0.4a Nexter 75WP 100.0 g 0.165 0.1a 0.1a 0.1a 0.1b 0.4b 0.3a 0.8a 1.1a 0.2a Untreated check --- --- 0.0a 0.3a 0.2a 1.6a 1.5a 0.5a 1.7a 1.5a 0.5a Means within columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher's Protected LSD, P > 0.05). Table 4. ZM/leaf Treatment/ Rate Rate formulation amt product/acre lb(AI)/acre 24 Jun 2 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 30 Jul 4 Aug 11 Aug 19 Aug Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.1a 0.3a 0.2a 0.1a 0.1a 0.2a 0.0b 0.1a 0.0a Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.1a 0.4a 0.2a 0.0a 0.1a 0.2a 0.0b 0.0a 0.2a Nexter 75WP 100.0 g 0.165 0.1a 0.3a 0.3a 0.2a 0.1a 0.3a 0.2b 0.0a 0.0a Untreated check --- --- 0.2a 0.3a 0.4a 0.3a 0.3a 0.4a 0.6a 0.2a 0.1a Means within columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher's Protected LSD, P > 0.05). http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

MID-SUMMER MITE STUDY, 2004

Hull, Larry A.
Arthropod Management Tests , Volume 30 (1) – Jan 1, 2005
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Abstract

(A14) APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhausen, ‘Golden delicious’, ‘Yorking’ Larry A. Hull Penn State University Fruit Research and Extension Center Biglerville, PA 17307-0330 Phone: (717) 677-6116 Fax: (717) 677-4112 E-mail: lah4@psu.edu European red mite (ERM): Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Mite predator (SP): Stethorus punctum (LeConte) Mite predator (ZM): Zetzellia mali) (Ewing) Phytoseiid mite predators (PMP): Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) Twospotted spider mite (TSSM): Tetranychus urticae Koch A study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Zeal when applied to both sides of the tree (complete spray) versus when the product was applied to alternate sides of the tree (alternate row middle [ARM] method). All treatments were replicated four times and applied to 12-15 tree plots in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of alternating trees of ‘Golden Delicious' and ‘Yorking’ trees. These trees were planted to a spacing of 18 × 25 ft and were 25 yr old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.4 mph as a complete spray. The application dates for the complete spray treatments was 28 Jun and the alternate side treatments was 28 Jun and 6 Jul (Table 1). A routine schedule of insecticides (Guthion 50WP) and fungicides (Topsin M 85DF and Ziram 76WP) was maintained throughout the experiment. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the ERM, TSSM, PMP and ZM was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 25 random leaves per tree (cv. Yorking – one center tree plot), 100 leaves per treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S. punctum was evaluated by 3-min counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the same trees. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher’s Protected LSD mean separation. Pest pressure was moderate to high throughout the season. On 8 Jul, 10 days post-treatment for the complete application of Zeal and two days posttreatment for the second side of the ARM application of Zeal, both Zeal treatments had reduced ERM populations below the untreated check and the complete application of Nexter (Table 1). Both application methods provided excellent control of ERM for the remainder of the season while ERM populations quickly rebounded on the Nexter treatment. The rate of Nexter used in this study was 20% below the label rate. PMP populations were lower on the Zeal treatments than on the Nexter and untreated check treatments in early Aug (Table 3). This was probably due to the higher ERM populations on the latter two treatments rather than a toxicity problem due to Zeal. Table 1. ERM/leaf Treatment/ Rate Rate formulation amt product/acre lb(AI)/acre Date of Application 24 Jun 2 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 30 Jul 4 Aug 11 Aug 17 Aug Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 28 Jun (complete) 11.2a 9.3a 3.3a 1.5a 2.6a 2.7a 3.7a 1.6a 5.0a Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 28 Jun, 6 Jul (ARM) 11.7a 8.4a 2.5a 2.0a 1.4a 3.8a 1.7a 1.3a 1.1a Nexter 75WP 100.0 g 0.165 28 Jun (complete) 8.0a 5.2a 7.7b 11.3b 18.1b 23.9b 17.6a 8.1a 1.9a Untreated check --- --- 11.4a 18.9a 34.0c 36.3c 46.2c 19.8b 30.1a 3.6a 3.1a Means within columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher's Protected LSD, P > 0.05). Alternate row middle. Table 2. SP/3 min TSSM/leaf Adult Larvae Adult Adult Larvae Adult Larvae Adult Larvae Treatment/ Rate Rate formulation amt product/acre lb(AI)/acre 24 Jun 2 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 21 Jul 30 Jul 4 Aug 4 Aug 11 Aug 11 Aug 17 Aug 17 Aug Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.4a 0.2a 0.1a 0.0a 0.0a 0.3a 0.0b 0.3a 1.0a 0.3a 0.0a 0.5a 0.0b Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.2a 0.2a 0.0a 0.0a 0.3a 0.0a 0.0a 0.0b 0.5a 0.5a 0.0a 0.0a 0.0b Nexter 75WP 100.0 g 0.165 0.5a 0.1a 0.0a 0.1a 0.8a 0.3a 0.3b 1.3a 3.0a 3.0a 0.3a 3.3a 1.3a Untreated check --- --- 1.2a 0.2a 0.5b 0.3a 1.5a 0.0a 1.8a 0.8a 0.8a 1.8a 0.5a 3.8a 0.0b Means within columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher's Protected LSD, P > 0.05). Table 3. PMP/leaf Treatment/ Rate Rate formulation amt product/acre lb(AI)/acre 24 Jun 2 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 30 Jul 4 Aug 11 Aug 19 Aug Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.1a 0.0a 0.1a 0.1b 0.0b 0.1a 0.1a 0.3b 0.4a Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.2a 0.2a 0.0a 0.3b 0.1b 0.1a 0.3a 0.2b 0.4a Nexter 75WP 100.0 g 0.165 0.1a 0.1a 0.1a 0.1b 0.4b 0.3a 0.8a 1.1a 0.2a Untreated check --- --- 0.0a 0.3a 0.2a 1.6a 1.5a 0.5a 1.7a 1.5a 0.5a Means within columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher's Protected LSD, P > 0.05). Table 4. ZM/leaf Treatment/ Rate Rate formulation amt product/acre lb(AI)/acre 24 Jun 2 Jul 8 Jul 15 Jul 21 Jul 30 Jul 4 Aug 11 Aug 19 Aug Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.1a 0.3a 0.2a 0.1a 0.1a 0.2a 0.0b 0.1a 0.0a Zeal 72WDG 56.7 g 0.09 0.1a 0.4a 0.2a 0.0a 0.1a 0.2a 0.0b 0.0a 0.2a Nexter 75WP 100.0 g 0.165 0.1a 0.3a 0.3a 0.2a 0.1a 0.3a 0.2b 0.0a 0.0a Untreated check --- --- 0.2a 0.3a 0.4a 0.3a 0.3a 0.4a 0.6a 0.2a 0.1a Means within columns followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher's Protected LSD, P > 0.05).

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Published: Jan 1, 2005

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