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Insecticidal Control of Lace Bugs on Containerized Azalea, Summer 2021

Insecticidal Control of Lace Bugs on Containerized Azalea, Summer 2021 applyparastyle "fig//caption/p[1]" parastyle "FigCapt" applyparastyle "fig" parastyle "Figure" Arthropod Management T ests, 46(1), 2021, 1–3 https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsab137 Section G: Ornamentals & Turf AZALEA: Azalea hybrid, Deja Bloom, Assorted HeadA=HeadB=HeadA=HeadB/HeadA HeadB=HeadC=HeadB=HeadC/HeadB Insecticidal Control of Lace Bugs on Containerized Azalea, HeadC=HeadD=HeadC=HeadD/HeadC Extract3=HeadA=Extract1=HeadA Summer 2021 History=Text=History=Text_First 1, Erfan Vafaie , Christine Pawlik, and David Newburn EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB/HeadA EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadC/HeadB Texas A&M Agrilife Extension, Entomology, 1710 N. FM 3053, Overton, TX 75684-2322, USA and Corresponding author, e-mail: erfan.vafaie@ag.tamu.edu EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadD=EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadD/HeadC EDI_Extract3=EDI_HeadA=EDI_Extract1=EDI_HeadA Section Editor: Carlos Bogran ERR_HeadA=ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadA=ERR_HeadB/HeadA Hosts: Azalea | Azalea hybrid ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadC/HeadB Pests: Azalea lace bug | Stephanitis pyrioides ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadD=ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadD/HeadC ERR_Extract3=ERR_HeadA=ERR_Extract1=ERR_HeadA The purpose of this trial was to determine the efficacy of insecticides treatment. Differences in log-transformed means between treatments (Table 1) for the control of lace bugs on 1-gal. azalea plants grown were compared using a generalized linear mixed model with treat- under greenhouse conditions. The trial was conducted in the IPM ment and DAT as fixed interacting factors and plant ID as random greenhouse at the AgriLife Research & Extension Center in Overton, factor (P  <  0.05). Means were compared within each DAT using TX. Azaleas were inoculated by placing one winged adult lace bug Dunnett’s post hoc test with water check (UTC) as the control group. on each plant on 22 April and again on 5 May. Lace bug counts were By 14 DAT, treatments Ventigra4, Ventigra7, UPO-Ventigra, time-limited to 60 s per azalea plant and were done using a 2.5× head and UPO-Ventigra-Velifer showed significant suppression of azalea lens. Plants were initially treated (Table 1) on 10 May. Treatments lace bugs (Table 2). By 22 DAT, all treatments showed significant were assigned to plants in a CRD with eight replicates consisting of suppression of lace bugs compared with the UTC (Table 2). The one potted azalea growing on greenhouse benches, with 2 ft. spacing number of damaged leaves was significantly different between between plants to minimize movement of azalea lace bug immatures. the untreated control and treatments Ventigra4, Ventigra7, UPO- All foliar applications were made as spray treatments using an R&D Ventigra, UP-Ventigra-Velifer, and Altus Foliar by 35 DAT (Table CO2 sprayer (Model D-203S) fitted with a 601FA single nozzle 3). Ratings of plant marketability (1–5) were also compared be- spray boom (Bellspray, Inc., Opelousas, LA) for even coverage. tween treatments. The median marketability rating for plants in Foliar insecticide-treatments were applied multiple times throughout the UTC was 2 (poor marketability), whereas plants treated with the trial (Table 1). Drench insecticide-treatments were made once, Ventigra4, Ventigra7, and UPO-Ventigra were rated 5 (great mar- using 250 ml of solution per pot. Number of lace bugs (matures and ketability). Plants treated with UPO-Ventigra-Velifer and Altus immatures) and the number of leaves showing symptoms of azalea Foliar were rated a 4, and plants treated with Altus Drench were lace bug injury were recorded at 0, 7, 14, 22, 28, and 35 d after rated a 4.5. This research was supported by industry funds and gifts of pesticides. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. 1 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com 2 Arthropod Management T ests, 2021, Vol. 46, No. 1 Table 1. Treatment/formulation, treatment name, active ingredient, rate, and application dates for all treatments Number Formulation Treatment name Active ingredient Rate/100 gal Application date(s) Method 1 UTC UTC N/A Water 05/10, 05/17, 05/24, 06/01 Foliar 2 Ventigra + CapSil Ventigra4 Afidopyropen +Nonionic surfactant 4.8 fl. oz. + 6.0 fl. oz. 05/10, 05/17, 05/24, 06/01 Foliar 3 Ventigra + CapSil Ventigra7 Afidopyropen + Nonionic surfactant 7.0 fl. oz. + 6.0 fl. oz. 05/10, 05/17, 05/24, 06/01 Foliar 4 UltraPure Oil Ventigra + CapSil UPO-Ventigra Mineral Oil Afidopyropen + Nonionic Surfactant 2 gal. 7.0 fl. oz. + 6.0 fl. oz. 05/10, 05/24 Foliar 05/17, 06/01 5 UltraPure Oil Ventigra + CapSil UPO-Ventigra-Velifer Mineral Oil Afidopyropen + Nonionic Surfactant 2 gal. 7.0 fl. oz. + 6.0 fl. oz. 05/10 Foliar Velifer Beauveria bassiana 13 fl. oz. 05/17 05/24, 06/01 6 Altus Altus Foliar Flupyradifurone 12 fl. oz. 05/10, 05/24 Foliar 7 Altus Altus Drench Flupyradifurone 3.0 fl. oz. 05/10 Drench Arthropod Management T ests, 2021, Vol. 46, No. 1 3 Table 2. Mean lace bugs per plant 0, 7, 14, 22, 28, and 35 d after initial treatment Mean lace bugs per plant Number Treatment name 0 DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT 22 DAT 28 DAT 35 DAT 1 UTC 0.2 0.6 13.2 20.4 35.0 27.2 2 Ventigra4 0.2 0.1 1.8* 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 3 Ventigra7 0.2 0.1 1.6* 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 4 UPO-Ventigra 0.2 0.0 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 5 UPO-Ventigra-Velifer 0.2 0.2 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 6 Altus Foliar 0.4 0.5 8.5 4.1* 3.1* 1.4* 7 Altus Drench 0.5 0.6 5.2 5.9* 7.1* 4.6* *Significantly different from untreated check (UTC) (P < 0.05) using Dunnett’s method on log-transformed (log(x + 1)) data within a column. Table 3. Mean leaves per plant showing symptoms of azalea lace bug damage 0, 7, 14, 22, 28, and 35 d after initial treatment Mean damaged leaves per plant Number Treatment name 0 DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT 22 DAT 28 DAT 35 DAT 1 UTC 3.8 6.4 7.9 12.4 20.0 34.2 2 Ventigra4 4.0 6.6 7.6 7.9 7.4 7.0* 3 Ventigra7 4.4 5.2 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.2* 4 UPO-Ventigra 4.8 7.5 9.6 10.4 7.0 6.1* 5 UPO-Ventigra-Velifer 5.5 6.9 7.6 8.8 8.8 6.6* 6 Altus Foliar 5.5 10.0 8.8 10.1 6.5 4.1* 7 Altus Drench 5.5 6.5 10.0 13.4 13 13.2 *Significantly different from untreated check (UTC) (P < 0.05) using Dunnett’s method on log-transformed (log(x + 1)) data within a column. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

Insecticidal Control of Lace Bugs on Containerized Azalea, Summer 2021

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Oxford University Press
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.
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2155-9856
DOI
10.1093/amt/tsab137
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Abstract

applyparastyle "fig//caption/p[1]" parastyle "FigCapt" applyparastyle "fig" parastyle "Figure" Arthropod Management T ests, 46(1), 2021, 1–3 https://doi.org/10.1093/amt/tsab137 Section G: Ornamentals & Turf AZALEA: Azalea hybrid, Deja Bloom, Assorted HeadA=HeadB=HeadA=HeadB/HeadA HeadB=HeadC=HeadB=HeadC/HeadB Insecticidal Control of Lace Bugs on Containerized Azalea, HeadC=HeadD=HeadC=HeadD/HeadC Extract3=HeadA=Extract1=HeadA Summer 2021 History=Text=History=Text_First 1, Erfan Vafaie , Christine Pawlik, and David Newburn EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB/HeadA EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadC/HeadB Texas A&M Agrilife Extension, Entomology, 1710 N. FM 3053, Overton, TX 75684-2322, USA and Corresponding author, e-mail: erfan.vafaie@ag.tamu.edu EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadD=EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadD/HeadC EDI_Extract3=EDI_HeadA=EDI_Extract1=EDI_HeadA Section Editor: Carlos Bogran ERR_HeadA=ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadA=ERR_HeadB/HeadA Hosts: Azalea | Azalea hybrid ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadC/HeadB Pests: Azalea lace bug | Stephanitis pyrioides ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadD=ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadD/HeadC ERR_Extract3=ERR_HeadA=ERR_Extract1=ERR_HeadA The purpose of this trial was to determine the efficacy of insecticides treatment. Differences in log-transformed means between treatments (Table 1) for the control of lace bugs on 1-gal. azalea plants grown were compared using a generalized linear mixed model with treat- under greenhouse conditions. The trial was conducted in the IPM ment and DAT as fixed interacting factors and plant ID as random greenhouse at the AgriLife Research & Extension Center in Overton, factor (P  <  0.05). Means were compared within each DAT using TX. Azaleas were inoculated by placing one winged adult lace bug Dunnett’s post hoc test with water check (UTC) as the control group. on each plant on 22 April and again on 5 May. Lace bug counts were By 14 DAT, treatments Ventigra4, Ventigra7, UPO-Ventigra, time-limited to 60 s per azalea plant and were done using a 2.5× head and UPO-Ventigra-Velifer showed significant suppression of azalea lens. Plants were initially treated (Table 1) on 10 May. Treatments lace bugs (Table 2). By 22 DAT, all treatments showed significant were assigned to plants in a CRD with eight replicates consisting of suppression of lace bugs compared with the UTC (Table 2). The one potted azalea growing on greenhouse benches, with 2 ft. spacing number of damaged leaves was significantly different between between plants to minimize movement of azalea lace bug immatures. the untreated control and treatments Ventigra4, Ventigra7, UPO- All foliar applications were made as spray treatments using an R&D Ventigra, UP-Ventigra-Velifer, and Altus Foliar by 35 DAT (Table CO2 sprayer (Model D-203S) fitted with a 601FA single nozzle 3). Ratings of plant marketability (1–5) were also compared be- spray boom (Bellspray, Inc., Opelousas, LA) for even coverage. tween treatments. The median marketability rating for plants in Foliar insecticide-treatments were applied multiple times throughout the UTC was 2 (poor marketability), whereas plants treated with the trial (Table 1). Drench insecticide-treatments were made once, Ventigra4, Ventigra7, and UPO-Ventigra were rated 5 (great mar- using 250 ml of solution per pot. Number of lace bugs (matures and ketability). Plants treated with UPO-Ventigra-Velifer and Altus immatures) and the number of leaves showing symptoms of azalea Foliar were rated a 4, and plants treated with Altus Drench were lace bug injury were recorded at 0, 7, 14, 22, 28, and 35 d after rated a 4.5. This research was supported by industry funds and gifts of pesticides. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. 1 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com 2 Arthropod Management T ests, 2021, Vol. 46, No. 1 Table 1. Treatment/formulation, treatment name, active ingredient, rate, and application dates for all treatments Number Formulation Treatment name Active ingredient Rate/100 gal Application date(s) Method 1 UTC UTC N/A Water 05/10, 05/17, 05/24, 06/01 Foliar 2 Ventigra + CapSil Ventigra4 Afidopyropen +Nonionic surfactant 4.8 fl. oz. + 6.0 fl. oz. 05/10, 05/17, 05/24, 06/01 Foliar 3 Ventigra + CapSil Ventigra7 Afidopyropen + Nonionic surfactant 7.0 fl. oz. + 6.0 fl. oz. 05/10, 05/17, 05/24, 06/01 Foliar 4 UltraPure Oil Ventigra + CapSil UPO-Ventigra Mineral Oil Afidopyropen + Nonionic Surfactant 2 gal. 7.0 fl. oz. + 6.0 fl. oz. 05/10, 05/24 Foliar 05/17, 06/01 5 UltraPure Oil Ventigra + CapSil UPO-Ventigra-Velifer Mineral Oil Afidopyropen + Nonionic Surfactant 2 gal. 7.0 fl. oz. + 6.0 fl. oz. 05/10 Foliar Velifer Beauveria bassiana 13 fl. oz. 05/17 05/24, 06/01 6 Altus Altus Foliar Flupyradifurone 12 fl. oz. 05/10, 05/24 Foliar 7 Altus Altus Drench Flupyradifurone 3.0 fl. oz. 05/10 Drench Arthropod Management T ests, 2021, Vol. 46, No. 1 3 Table 2. Mean lace bugs per plant 0, 7, 14, 22, 28, and 35 d after initial treatment Mean lace bugs per plant Number Treatment name 0 DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT 22 DAT 28 DAT 35 DAT 1 UTC 0.2 0.6 13.2 20.4 35.0 27.2 2 Ventigra4 0.2 0.1 1.8* 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 3 Ventigra7 0.2 0.1 1.6* 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 4 UPO-Ventigra 0.2 0.0 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 5 UPO-Ventigra-Velifer 0.2 0.2 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 0.0* 6 Altus Foliar 0.4 0.5 8.5 4.1* 3.1* 1.4* 7 Altus Drench 0.5 0.6 5.2 5.9* 7.1* 4.6* *Significantly different from untreated check (UTC) (P < 0.05) using Dunnett’s method on log-transformed (log(x + 1)) data within a column. Table 3. Mean leaves per plant showing symptoms of azalea lace bug damage 0, 7, 14, 22, 28, and 35 d after initial treatment Mean damaged leaves per plant Number Treatment name 0 DAT 7 DAT 14 DAT 22 DAT 28 DAT 35 DAT 1 UTC 3.8 6.4 7.9 12.4 20.0 34.2 2 Ventigra4 4.0 6.6 7.6 7.9 7.4 7.0* 3 Ventigra7 4.4 5.2 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.2* 4 UPO-Ventigra 4.8 7.5 9.6 10.4 7.0 6.1* 5 UPO-Ventigra-Velifer 5.5 6.9 7.6 8.8 8.8 6.6* 6 Altus Foliar 5.5 10.0 8.8 10.1 6.5 4.1* 7 Altus Drench 5.5 6.5 10.0 13.4 13 13.2 *Significantly different from untreated check (UTC) (P < 0.05) using Dunnett’s method on log-transformed (log(x + 1)) data within a column.

Journal

Arthropod Management Tests – Oxford University Press

Published: Sep 17, 2021

Keywords: Hosts: Azalea | Azalea hybrid; Pests: Azalea lace bug | Stephanitis pyrioides; flupyradifurone; mineral oil; afidopyropen

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