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EVALUATION OF SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF APHIDS AND FLEA BEETLES ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, 2006

EVALUATION OF SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF APHIDS AND FLEA BEETLES ON FLUE-CURED... (F62) TOBACCO: Nicotiana tabacum L., Flue-Cured ‘NC 297’ EVALUATION OF SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF APHIDS AND FLEA BEETLES ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, 2006 Paul J. Semtner Virginia Tech Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center 2375 Darvills Road Blackstone, VA 23824 USA Telephone: (434) 292-5331 Fax: (434) 292-5623 e-mail: psemtner@vt.edu Lakshmipathi Srigiriraju e-mail: pathi@vt.edu Ned Jones e-mail:edjones@vt.edu Tobacco flea beetle (TFB): Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) Green peach aphid (GPA): Myzus persicae (Sulzer) This trial was conducted at the Virginia Tech Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA to evaluate various insecticides applied as transplant tray drench (TD), transplant water (TPW) and soil (Band) treatments for the control of TFB and GPA and the resulting effects on the yield of flue-cured tobacco. Twelve treatments and an untreated check were established in a RCB design with 4 replications (Table 1). Plots were 4 × 40 ft (1 row on 4-ft centers × 22 plants) and separated by single untreated border rows. A CO -pressurized backpack sprayer with an 8002E nozzle and operated at 30 psi was used to apply the TD treatments in 13.5 fl oz of water to transplants in 288-plant float trays 2 d before transplanting on 10 May. After application, plants were watered lightly to wash the residue off the leaves and into the media. The Actigard tray spray (TS) treatment was applied to a tray immediately after a TD application of Admire Pro at 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants. ‘NC 297’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots on 12 May. Immediately after transplanting, the Admire and NUP 06024 TPW treatments were applied in 4 fl oz (185 gpa) of water at the base of each plant. Fertilization, cultivation, topping, weed, disease, and sucker control followed Virginia Extension Service recommendations. TFB and TFB feeding holes were counted on the most damaged leaf of 10 plants per plot every 6 to 9 d from 20 May to 15 Jun, 8 to 34 d after transplanting (DATR). GPA numbers were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot at 6 to 8 d intervals from 15 Jun to 26 Jul, 34 to 75 DATR. Leaves were harvested as they ripened; they were cured and weighed, and the yield was calculated. Insect count data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated using SNK (P = 0.05). Count data were transformed to Log (x + 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the tables. All treatments except the Temik band treatment, and the Admire 2F and NUP 06024 TPW treatments gave significant control of TFB on all dates through 1 Jun, 20 DATR and significant control on 22 Jun, but not on 28 Jun (Table 1). All TD treatments provided good to excellent reductions in TFB feeding holes through 8 Jun, 27 DATR and they were significantly more effective for preventing TFB feeding damage than the TPW and band treatments (Table 2). All treatments provided good to excellent control of GPA through 17 Jul and all treatments except Temik gave > 95% control through 10 Jul, 9 wk after transplanting (Table 3). The most effective treatments through 3 Aug were Admire 2F, NUP 06024, and KC 791230. GPA damage ratings were lowest on tobacco treated with Admire 2F, NUP 06024, Platinum at 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants, and the KC 791230 band treatment (Table 3). Temik and ADA 06200 had higher GPA damage ratings than all other treatments except the untreated check. Over 7 inches of rainfall on 4-6 July probably contributed to the reduced control of GPA with Temik. The highest yields averaging 28 to 40% higher than the untreated check occurred on plants treated with the Admire 2F, Admire Pro at 0.6 and 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants, NUP 06024, Platinum at 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants, and KC 791230 (Table 2). Temik and the lowest rates of Platinum and Admire Pro had yields 21-22% higher than the untreated check. Moderate phytotoxicity was observed on tobacco treated with NUP 06024 TD and the Admire Pro TD at 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants plus Actigard TS combination. Most phytotoxicity occurred on the lower leaves and the affected plants grew out of the injury after 8 Jun, 27 DATR. The growing conditions for this study were excellent except for unusually cool conditions in mid-May and the excessive rainfall on 4 and 5 Jul. High temperatures and the fungal pathogen, Pandora neoaphidis, were probably responsible for declines in GPA populations in early Aug. Table 1 TFB/10 plants Rate Application Treatment/formulation (amt/1,000 plants) method 11 May 18 May 25 May 1 Jun 8 Jun 15 Jun 22 Jun 28 Jun Admire 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 4.8bc 1.8bc 1.8bc 6.3ab 1.0b 3.0a 15.1b 56.3a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.5 fl oz TD 0.3c 0.0c 0.0c 2.3bcd 1.3b 4.3a 8.0b 56.3a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.6 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.3c 0.0c 2.0bcd 2.3ab 4.5a 13.3b 56.5a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.8 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.0c 0.0c 2.5bcd 2.3ab 2.0a 10.8b 58.8a Admire Pro 4.6SC + 0.8 fl oz + TD + 0.0c 0.0c 0.0c 1.8bcd 2.8ab 4.3a 13.8b 49.8a Actigard 50WP 0.28 g TS Platinum 2SC 0.5 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.0c 0.3c 0.5cd 2.0ab 2.3a 8.3b 54.3a Platinum 2SC 0.8 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.0c 0.3c 1.0bcd 1.0b 1.8a 12.0b 60.5a ADA 06200 20WP 1.73 oz TD 0.25c 0.0c 0.3c 0.3d 0.8b 4.0a 7.0b 44.3a NUP 06024 2F 1.4 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.0c 0.0c 0.0d 0.5b 3.8a 7.3b 54.8a NUP 06024 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 0.0c 1.8bc 4.3abc 8.5ab 3.8ab 8.8a 26.8ab 53.5a Temik 15G 14 lb/A Band 10.3a 2.5bc 6.5ab 4.8abc 1.8ab 7.3a 13.8b 45.0a KC 791230 15G 14 lb/A Band 1.5bc 1.3bc 1.8bc 1.5bcd 2.5ab 5.8a 16.3b 60.0a Untreated check 4.0ab 6.5a 15.3a 18.0a 10.3a 10.5a 48.8a 38.5a Means within a column not followed by the same letter(s) are significantly different (SNK, P = 0.05). TD = tray drench; TS = spray on transplants after TD treatment; TPW = transplant water; Band = 14-inch at bedding. Table 2 TFB feeding holes/10 leaves Rate (amt Application Yield Treatment/formulation /1,000 plants) method 11 May 18 May 25 May 1 Jun 8 Jun 15 Jun (lb/acre) Admire 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 5.3bc 60.5bc 45c 93bc 52abc 26a 3,862a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.5 fl oz TD 3.5c 1.8d 1d 11c 11cd 18a 3,374c Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.6 fl oz TD 0.5c 0.3d 3d 24c 17bcd 33a 3,857a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.8 fl oz TD 2.5c 0.8d 3d 20c 13bcd 10a 3,821ab Admire Pro 4.6SC + 0.8 fl oz + TD + 0.3a 0.0d 0d 14c 15bcd 26a 3,820ab Actigard 50WP 0.28 g TS Platinum 2SC 0.5 fl oz TD 2.3c 4.3d 1d 5c 15bcd 21a 3,539bc Platinum 2SC 0.8 fl oz TD 0.5c 0.5d 1d 3c 9d 7a 3,614abc ADA 06200 20WP 1.73 oz TD 1.5c 0.3d 2d 4c 7d 19a 3,338c NUP 06024 2F 1.4 fl oz TD 2.5c 0.0d 0d 1c 2d 31a 3,850ab NUP 06024 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 5.0bc 35.3c 77bc 170b 76ab 32a 3,698ab Temik 15G 14 lb/A Band 36.8a 136.0ab 160ab 160b 60ab 37a 3,355c KC 791230 15G 14 lb/A Band 18.3ab 87.0abc 90cd 117b 80ab 32a 3,708ab Untreated check 23.5a 184.0a 318a 413a 177a 35a 2,757d Means within a column not followed by the same letter(s) are significantly different (SNK, P = 0.05). TD = tray drench; TS = spray on transplants after TD treatment; TPW = transplant water; Band = 14-inch at bedding. Table 3 GPA damage rating GPA/10 plants (0-10) Rate (amt/ Application Treatment/formulation 1,000 plants) method 22 Jun 28 Jun 10 Jul 17 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 21 Aug Admire 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 1b 108c 111d 436d 203e 186bc 1.3d Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.5 fl oz TD 1b 300bc 416cd 4,570bc 1,416cd 478abc 4.3b Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.6 fl oz TD 5b 232bc 408cd 2,721bc 1,001cd 3,344ab 4.0b Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.8 fl oz TD 3b 275bc 497cd 2,819bc 464de 443abc 2.8bcd Admire Pro 4.6SC+ 0.8fl oz TD + 4b 167bc 323cd 2,971bc 751de 278abc 3.0bcd Actigard 50WP 0.28 g TS Platinum 2SC 0.5 fl oz TD 1b 151bc 359cd 2,363bc 2,300cd 661abc 4.5b Platinum 2SC 0.8 fl oz TD 13b 106c 281cd 1,860bc 964cde 965abc 2.5bcd ADA 06200 20WP 1.73 oz TD 0b 130bc 245cd 850cd 293de 349abc 6.5a Nufarm Imidacloprid 2F 1.4 fl oz TD 13b 229bc 916bc 8,915b 3,180bc 959abc 1.3d Nufarm Imidacloprid 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 5b 200bc 313cd 643cd 396de 285bc 2.0cd Temik 15G 14 lb/A Band 21b 722b 2,609b 10,110b 8,129ab 3,884a 6.5a KC 791230 15G 14 lb/A Band 7b 213bc 220d 251d 184e 120c 1.3d Untreated check 860a 6,955a 20,400a 66,050a 19,425a 4,457a 8.3a Means within a column not followed by the same letter(s) are significantly different (SNK, P = 0.05). TD = tray drench; TS = spray on transplants after TD treatment; TPW = transplant water; Band = 14-inch at bedding http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

EVALUATION OF SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF APHIDS AND FLEA BEETLES ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, 2006

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Publisher
Oxford University Press
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© Published by Oxford University Press.
eISSN
2155-9856
DOI
10.1093/amt/32.1.F62
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Abstract

(F62) TOBACCO: Nicotiana tabacum L., Flue-Cured ‘NC 297’ EVALUATION OF SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF APHIDS AND FLEA BEETLES ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO, 2006 Paul J. Semtner Virginia Tech Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center 2375 Darvills Road Blackstone, VA 23824 USA Telephone: (434) 292-5331 Fax: (434) 292-5623 e-mail: psemtner@vt.edu Lakshmipathi Srigiriraju e-mail: pathi@vt.edu Ned Jones e-mail:edjones@vt.edu Tobacco flea beetle (TFB): Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) Green peach aphid (GPA): Myzus persicae (Sulzer) This trial was conducted at the Virginia Tech Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA to evaluate various insecticides applied as transplant tray drench (TD), transplant water (TPW) and soil (Band) treatments for the control of TFB and GPA and the resulting effects on the yield of flue-cured tobacco. Twelve treatments and an untreated check were established in a RCB design with 4 replications (Table 1). Plots were 4 × 40 ft (1 row on 4-ft centers × 22 plants) and separated by single untreated border rows. A CO -pressurized backpack sprayer with an 8002E nozzle and operated at 30 psi was used to apply the TD treatments in 13.5 fl oz of water to transplants in 288-plant float trays 2 d before transplanting on 10 May. After application, plants were watered lightly to wash the residue off the leaves and into the media. The Actigard tray spray (TS) treatment was applied to a tray immediately after a TD application of Admire Pro at 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants. ‘NC 297’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots on 12 May. Immediately after transplanting, the Admire and NUP 06024 TPW treatments were applied in 4 fl oz (185 gpa) of water at the base of each plant. Fertilization, cultivation, topping, weed, disease, and sucker control followed Virginia Extension Service recommendations. TFB and TFB feeding holes were counted on the most damaged leaf of 10 plants per plot every 6 to 9 d from 20 May to 15 Jun, 8 to 34 d after transplanting (DATR). GPA numbers were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot at 6 to 8 d intervals from 15 Jun to 26 Jul, 34 to 75 DATR. Leaves were harvested as they ripened; they were cured and weighed, and the yield was calculated. Insect count data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated using SNK (P = 0.05). Count data were transformed to Log (x + 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the tables. All treatments except the Temik band treatment, and the Admire 2F and NUP 06024 TPW treatments gave significant control of TFB on all dates through 1 Jun, 20 DATR and significant control on 22 Jun, but not on 28 Jun (Table 1). All TD treatments provided good to excellent reductions in TFB feeding holes through 8 Jun, 27 DATR and they were significantly more effective for preventing TFB feeding damage than the TPW and band treatments (Table 2). All treatments provided good to excellent control of GPA through 17 Jul and all treatments except Temik gave > 95% control through 10 Jul, 9 wk after transplanting (Table 3). The most effective treatments through 3 Aug were Admire 2F, NUP 06024, and KC 791230. GPA damage ratings were lowest on tobacco treated with Admire 2F, NUP 06024, Platinum at 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants, and the KC 791230 band treatment (Table 3). Temik and ADA 06200 had higher GPA damage ratings than all other treatments except the untreated check. Over 7 inches of rainfall on 4-6 July probably contributed to the reduced control of GPA with Temik. The highest yields averaging 28 to 40% higher than the untreated check occurred on plants treated with the Admire 2F, Admire Pro at 0.6 and 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants, NUP 06024, Platinum at 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants, and KC 791230 (Table 2). Temik and the lowest rates of Platinum and Admire Pro had yields 21-22% higher than the untreated check. Moderate phytotoxicity was observed on tobacco treated with NUP 06024 TD and the Admire Pro TD at 0.8 fl oz per 1,000 plants plus Actigard TS combination. Most phytotoxicity occurred on the lower leaves and the affected plants grew out of the injury after 8 Jun, 27 DATR. The growing conditions for this study were excellent except for unusually cool conditions in mid-May and the excessive rainfall on 4 and 5 Jul. High temperatures and the fungal pathogen, Pandora neoaphidis, were probably responsible for declines in GPA populations in early Aug. Table 1 TFB/10 plants Rate Application Treatment/formulation (amt/1,000 plants) method 11 May 18 May 25 May 1 Jun 8 Jun 15 Jun 22 Jun 28 Jun Admire 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 4.8bc 1.8bc 1.8bc 6.3ab 1.0b 3.0a 15.1b 56.3a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.5 fl oz TD 0.3c 0.0c 0.0c 2.3bcd 1.3b 4.3a 8.0b 56.3a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.6 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.3c 0.0c 2.0bcd 2.3ab 4.5a 13.3b 56.5a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.8 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.0c 0.0c 2.5bcd 2.3ab 2.0a 10.8b 58.8a Admire Pro 4.6SC + 0.8 fl oz + TD + 0.0c 0.0c 0.0c 1.8bcd 2.8ab 4.3a 13.8b 49.8a Actigard 50WP 0.28 g TS Platinum 2SC 0.5 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.0c 0.3c 0.5cd 2.0ab 2.3a 8.3b 54.3a Platinum 2SC 0.8 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.0c 0.3c 1.0bcd 1.0b 1.8a 12.0b 60.5a ADA 06200 20WP 1.73 oz TD 0.25c 0.0c 0.3c 0.3d 0.8b 4.0a 7.0b 44.3a NUP 06024 2F 1.4 fl oz TD 0.0c 0.0c 0.0c 0.0d 0.5b 3.8a 7.3b 54.8a NUP 06024 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 0.0c 1.8bc 4.3abc 8.5ab 3.8ab 8.8a 26.8ab 53.5a Temik 15G 14 lb/A Band 10.3a 2.5bc 6.5ab 4.8abc 1.8ab 7.3a 13.8b 45.0a KC 791230 15G 14 lb/A Band 1.5bc 1.3bc 1.8bc 1.5bcd 2.5ab 5.8a 16.3b 60.0a Untreated check 4.0ab 6.5a 15.3a 18.0a 10.3a 10.5a 48.8a 38.5a Means within a column not followed by the same letter(s) are significantly different (SNK, P = 0.05). TD = tray drench; TS = spray on transplants after TD treatment; TPW = transplant water; Band = 14-inch at bedding. Table 2 TFB feeding holes/10 leaves Rate (amt Application Yield Treatment/formulation /1,000 plants) method 11 May 18 May 25 May 1 Jun 8 Jun 15 Jun (lb/acre) Admire 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 5.3bc 60.5bc 45c 93bc 52abc 26a 3,862a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.5 fl oz TD 3.5c 1.8d 1d 11c 11cd 18a 3,374c Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.6 fl oz TD 0.5c 0.3d 3d 24c 17bcd 33a 3,857a Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.8 fl oz TD 2.5c 0.8d 3d 20c 13bcd 10a 3,821ab Admire Pro 4.6SC + 0.8 fl oz + TD + 0.3a 0.0d 0d 14c 15bcd 26a 3,820ab Actigard 50WP 0.28 g TS Platinum 2SC 0.5 fl oz TD 2.3c 4.3d 1d 5c 15bcd 21a 3,539bc Platinum 2SC 0.8 fl oz TD 0.5c 0.5d 1d 3c 9d 7a 3,614abc ADA 06200 20WP 1.73 oz TD 1.5c 0.3d 2d 4c 7d 19a 3,338c NUP 06024 2F 1.4 fl oz TD 2.5c 0.0d 0d 1c 2d 31a 3,850ab NUP 06024 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 5.0bc 35.3c 77bc 170b 76ab 32a 3,698ab Temik 15G 14 lb/A Band 36.8a 136.0ab 160ab 160b 60ab 37a 3,355c KC 791230 15G 14 lb/A Band 18.3ab 87.0abc 90cd 117b 80ab 32a 3,708ab Untreated check 23.5a 184.0a 318a 413a 177a 35a 2,757d Means within a column not followed by the same letter(s) are significantly different (SNK, P = 0.05). TD = tray drench; TS = spray on transplants after TD treatment; TPW = transplant water; Band = 14-inch at bedding. Table 3 GPA damage rating GPA/10 plants (0-10) Rate (amt/ Application Treatment/formulation 1,000 plants) method 22 Jun 28 Jun 10 Jul 17 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 21 Aug Admire 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 1b 108c 111d 436d 203e 186bc 1.3d Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.5 fl oz TD 1b 300bc 416cd 4,570bc 1,416cd 478abc 4.3b Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.6 fl oz TD 5b 232bc 408cd 2,721bc 1,001cd 3,344ab 4.0b Admire Pro 4.6SC 0.8 fl oz TD 3b 275bc 497cd 2,819bc 464de 443abc 2.8bcd Admire Pro 4.6SC+ 0.8fl oz TD + 4b 167bc 323cd 2,971bc 751de 278abc 3.0bcd Actigard 50WP 0.28 g TS Platinum 2SC 0.5 fl oz TD 1b 151bc 359cd 2,363bc 2,300cd 661abc 4.5b Platinum 2SC 0.8 fl oz TD 13b 106c 281cd 1,860bc 964cde 965abc 2.5bcd ADA 06200 20WP 1.73 oz TD 0b 130bc 245cd 850cd 293de 349abc 6.5a Nufarm Imidacloprid 2F 1.4 fl oz TD 13b 229bc 916bc 8,915b 3,180bc 959abc 1.3d Nufarm Imidacloprid 2F 1.4 fl oz TPW 5b 200bc 313cd 643cd 396de 285bc 2.0cd Temik 15G 14 lb/A Band 21b 722b 2,609b 10,110b 8,129ab 3,884a 6.5a KC 791230 15G 14 lb/A Band 7b 213bc 220d 251d 184e 120c 1.3d Untreated check 860a 6,955a 20,400a 66,050a 19,425a 4,457a 8.3a Means within a column not followed by the same letter(s) are significantly different (SNK, P = 0.05). TD = tray drench; TS = spray on transplants after TD treatment; TPW = transplant water; Band = 14-inch at bedding

Journal

Arthropod Management TestsOxford University Press

Published: Jan 1, 2007

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