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EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL INSECTICIDES FOR USE IN ORGANIC APPLE PRODUCTION, 2000

EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL INSECTICIDES FOR USE IN ORGANIC APPLE PRODUCTION, 2000 (A25) APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhausen, ‘McIntosh’ EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL INSECTICIDES FOR USE IN ORGANIC APPLE PRODUCTION, 2000 H. Reissig, D. Combs and C. Smith Department of Entomology NYS Agriculture Experiment Station Geneva, NY 14456 Phone: (315) 787-2336 Codling moth (CM): Cydia pomonella (L.) Oriental fruit moth (OFM): Grapholitha molesta (Busck) Lesser appleworm (LAW): Grapholitha Prunivora (Walsh) Apple maggot (AM): Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) San jose scale (SJS): Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) Tarnished plant bug (TPB): Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR): Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) Plum curculio (PC): Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) Spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM): Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.) Predatory mite (TP): Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) Predatory mite (ZM): Zetzellia mali (Ewing) European red mite (ERM): Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Recently, some growers have become interested in using organically certified pesticides to control arthropod pests of apple in New York State. Several pesticides that are or have potential to be certified for use in organic programs were evaluated. Diluted sprays were applied to run off with a hand sprayer (450 psi) at weekly and biweekly intervals. These applications were started at petal fall (15 May) and continued either on a weekly or biweekly schedule on 22, 30 May; 7, 14, 21, 28 Jun; 6, 12, 18, 26 Jul; and 1, 10, 16, 22 Aug. Treatments were replicated three times on single-tree plots and arranged in an RCB design. The treatments were as follows: (1) Surround WP (50 lb [AI]/100 gal) applied on a weekly schedule, (2) Orchex 796 (128 oz [AI]/100 gal) on a weekly schedule, (3) Aza-Direct EC (1.8 oz [AI]/100 gal) applied on a weekly schedule, (4) Imidan 70WP (11.2 oz [AI]/100 gal) applied at petal fall and then 1-7C, (5) untreated check. ERM and predatory mites were sampled on 14 Jul. STLM tissue mines from the first generation were counted on 15 randomly selected fruit clusters on 6 Jul. Second-generation mines were counted on three to four distal leaves on 25 randomly selected ‘hardened off’ terminals per replication on 28 Aug. Damage by first-generation internal lepidopterous larvae and PC was assessed by examining 100 randomly selected ‘McIntosh’ apples on each tree on 23 Jun. Fruit damage was evaluated at harvest on 100 McIntosh apples examined from each tree in each replication on 10 Sep. ERM populations were very low in all treatments, and the predatory mite numbers ranged from 12.7/25 leaves to 36.0/25 leaves. The Surround WP plots had significantly lower numbers of predators than the untreated check plots, and predator populations were slightly lower than those in the checks in the Orchhex and Aza-Direct treatments, although these differences were not statistically significant. The Imidan 70WP standard and the Surround WP treatment reduced PC damage levels significantly below that in the check, but damage in the Orchex 796 and Aza-Direct treatments was comparable to that in the untreated trees. STLM populations in the Imidan 70WP treatment were higher than those in the check trees and the Surround plots had almost the same infestation levels as the untreated trees. The Orchex and Aza-Direct plots reduced STLM damage significantly below that found in the check. All treatments significantly reduced damage from the first-generation internal lepidoptera complex (CM, OFM, and LAW) as compared with the check. At harvest, the organophosphate standard provided the best control of internal lepidoptera, but the physical barrier of Surround WP and the seasonal Aza-Direct treatments also significantly reduced damage levels below those in the check plot. Internal lepidoptera damage in the Orchex 796 treatment at harvest was comparable to the untreated check plot. OBLR populations were relatively low in the test orchards and damage from the summer brood was reduced numerically in all of the treated plots from that of the check, but differences did not statistically separate. AM pressure was also quite low and damage in all treatments and the check plots was statistically similar. TPB was controlled well by both the Aza-Direct and Surround treatments. However, TPB damage in the Imidan and Orchex treatments was not significantly different from that in the check plots. Typically, SJS is not uniformly distributed among trees in the research orchard. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the effectiveness of compounds assigned to randomly selected trees. In this trial, SJS fruit infestation was much higher in the Surround plots than in the other treatments, which indicates that this material is not effective against this pest. The other plots, including the check, had little or no SJS fruit damage. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL INSECTICIDES FOR USE IN ORGANIC APPLE PRODUCTION, 2000

Arthropod Management Tests , Volume 26 (1) – Jan 1, 2001

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Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
© Published by Oxford University Press.
eISSN
2155-9856
DOI
10.1093/amt/26.1.A25
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Abstract

(A25) APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhausen, ‘McIntosh’ EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL INSECTICIDES FOR USE IN ORGANIC APPLE PRODUCTION, 2000 H. Reissig, D. Combs and C. Smith Department of Entomology NYS Agriculture Experiment Station Geneva, NY 14456 Phone: (315) 787-2336 Codling moth (CM): Cydia pomonella (L.) Oriental fruit moth (OFM): Grapholitha molesta (Busck) Lesser appleworm (LAW): Grapholitha Prunivora (Walsh) Apple maggot (AM): Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) San jose scale (SJS): Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) Tarnished plant bug (TPB): Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR): Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) Plum curculio (PC): Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) Spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM): Phyllonorycter blancardella (F.) Predatory mite (TP): Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten) Predatory mite (ZM): Zetzellia mali (Ewing) European red mite (ERM): Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Recently, some growers have become interested in using organically certified pesticides to control arthropod pests of apple in New York State. Several pesticides that are or have potential to be certified for use in organic programs were evaluated. Diluted sprays were applied to run off with a hand sprayer (450 psi) at weekly and biweekly intervals. These applications were started at petal fall (15 May) and continued either on a weekly or biweekly schedule on 22, 30 May; 7, 14, 21, 28 Jun; 6, 12, 18, 26 Jul; and 1, 10, 16, 22 Aug. Treatments were replicated three times on single-tree plots and arranged in an RCB design. The treatments were as follows: (1) Surround WP (50 lb [AI]/100 gal) applied on a weekly schedule, (2) Orchex 796 (128 oz [AI]/100 gal) on a weekly schedule, (3) Aza-Direct EC (1.8 oz [AI]/100 gal) applied on a weekly schedule, (4) Imidan 70WP (11.2 oz [AI]/100 gal) applied at petal fall and then 1-7C, (5) untreated check. ERM and predatory mites were sampled on 14 Jul. STLM tissue mines from the first generation were counted on 15 randomly selected fruit clusters on 6 Jul. Second-generation mines were counted on three to four distal leaves on 25 randomly selected ‘hardened off’ terminals per replication on 28 Aug. Damage by first-generation internal lepidopterous larvae and PC was assessed by examining 100 randomly selected ‘McIntosh’ apples on each tree on 23 Jun. Fruit damage was evaluated at harvest on 100 McIntosh apples examined from each tree in each replication on 10 Sep. ERM populations were very low in all treatments, and the predatory mite numbers ranged from 12.7/25 leaves to 36.0/25 leaves. The Surround WP plots had significantly lower numbers of predators than the untreated check plots, and predator populations were slightly lower than those in the checks in the Orchhex and Aza-Direct treatments, although these differences were not statistically significant. The Imidan 70WP standard and the Surround WP treatment reduced PC damage levels significantly below that in the check, but damage in the Orchex 796 and Aza-Direct treatments was comparable to that in the untreated trees. STLM populations in the Imidan 70WP treatment were higher than those in the check trees and the Surround plots had almost the same infestation levels as the untreated trees. The Orchex and Aza-Direct plots reduced STLM damage significantly below that found in the check. All treatments significantly reduced damage from the first-generation internal lepidoptera complex (CM, OFM, and LAW) as compared with the check. At harvest, the organophosphate standard provided the best control of internal lepidoptera, but the physical barrier of Surround WP and the seasonal Aza-Direct treatments also significantly reduced damage levels below those in the check plot. Internal lepidoptera damage in the Orchex 796 treatment at harvest was comparable to the untreated check plot. OBLR populations were relatively low in the test orchards and damage from the summer brood was reduced numerically in all of the treated plots from that of the check, but differences did not statistically separate. AM pressure was also quite low and damage in all treatments and the check plots was statistically similar. TPB was controlled well by both the Aza-Direct and Surround treatments. However, TPB damage in the Imidan and Orchex treatments was not significantly different from that in the check plots. Typically, SJS is not uniformly distributed among trees in the research orchard. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the effectiveness of compounds assigned to randomly selected trees. In this trial, SJS fruit infestation was much higher in the Surround plots than in the other treatments, which indicates that this material is not effective against this pest. The other plots, including the check, had little or no SJS fruit damage.

Journal

Arthropod Management TestsOxford University Press

Published: Jan 1, 2001

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