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Efficacy of Cyantraniliprole Trunk Spray Against Ambrosia Beetles on Red Maple Bolts, 2021

Efficacy of Cyantraniliprole Trunk Spray Against Ambrosia Beetles on Red Maple Bolts, 2021 Maple | Acer spp Granulate ambrosia beetle | Xylosandrus crassiusculus cyantraniliprole, permethrin In 2021, a nursery trial comparing the efficacy of cyantraniliprole alone and in combination with adjuvant against ambrosia beetles was conducted on red maple bolts in Meansville, GA. Red maple bolt traps, ~1.6 feet × 2.3 inches (length × diameter), were prepared and deployed in the field within 3 wk after cutting the tree branches. The experimental unit was the single red maple bolt. Six replicates of each treatment were assigned according to a randomized complete block design. The details on insecticide products and rates are listed in Table 1. At the center of the bolt, a 10-inch-deep hole was drilled, and 0.3 fl oz of ethanol (70%) was poured into the hole and was closed using a cork. A string was attached to the bolt using screws, and the bolt was hung from a 4-feet-tall Shepherd hook. In the field, the bolts were deployed 65.6 feet apart, at least 3.3 feet from the wood line in the nursery. The ethanol was topped off into each bolt every week. A single bark spray treatment was applied on 18 March 2021 using CO2 powered single boom (one nozzle) handheld sprayer at 30 psi. The water volume rate used for the applications was 100 gals per acre. The application was initiated before ambrosia beetle flight activity started after checking the weather forecast for 3 d when prediction showed temperatures above 65°F for at least the next three consecutive days. The ambrosia beetle attacks left entry holes or toothpicks on the bolt, and they were quantified and marked at weekly intervals up to 4 wk. The numbers of entry hole data were subjected to PROC GLM after log (x + 1) transformation (SAS Institute 2012, Cary, NC). The means were separated using the least square difference test at α = 0.05. Table 1. Means of ambrosia beetle entry holes or toothpicks after treated with various insecticide treatments Treatment . Rate/acre (fl oz product) . Mean number of entry holes per bolt . . . . . . 7 DAA (25 Mar.) . 14 DAA (1 Apr.) . 22 DAA (9 Apr.) . 32 DAA (19 Apr.) . Mainspring GNL 12 0.0 14.4 a 3.2 a 15.0 a Mainspring GNL + DiAqua PS 12 + 48 0.8 24.6 a 5.0 a 6.4 ab Mainspring GNL + Surround WP 12 + 25a 1.2 33.6 a 4.8 a 3.0 abc Mainspring GNL + Captiva Prime 12 + 19.2 1.0 14.2 a 3.4 a 2.0 bc Perm-UP 3.2 EC 8 0.2 0.8 b 0.2 b 0.4 c Untreated check — 7.8 29.0 a 5.4 a 6.2 ab F value 2.3 7.1 4.2 3.0 P 0.084 <0.001 0.009 0.034 Treatment . Rate/acre (fl oz product) . Mean number of entry holes per bolt . . . . . . 7 DAA (25 Mar.) . 14 DAA (1 Apr.) . 22 DAA (9 Apr.) . 32 DAA (19 Apr.) . Mainspring GNL 12 0.0 14.4 a 3.2 a 15.0 a Mainspring GNL + DiAqua PS 12 + 48 0.8 24.6 a 5.0 a 6.4 ab Mainspring GNL + Surround WP 12 + 25a 1.2 33.6 a 4.8 a 3.0 abc Mainspring GNL + Captiva Prime 12 + 19.2 1.0 14.2 a 3.4 a 2.0 bc Perm-UP 3.2 EC 8 0.2 0.8 b 0.2 b 0.4 c Untreated check — 7.8 29.0 a 5.4 a 6.2 ab F value 2.3 7.1 4.2 3.0 P 0.084 <0.001 0.009 0.034 Means within a column sharing the same letter are not significantly different (LSD; P > 0.05). aIbs product (wt)/acre. Open in new tab Table 1. Means of ambrosia beetle entry holes or toothpicks after treated with various insecticide treatments Treatment . Rate/acre (fl oz product) . Mean number of entry holes per bolt . . . . . . 7 DAA (25 Mar.) . 14 DAA (1 Apr.) . 22 DAA (9 Apr.) . 32 DAA (19 Apr.) . Mainspring GNL 12 0.0 14.4 a 3.2 a 15.0 a Mainspring GNL + DiAqua PS 12 + 48 0.8 24.6 a 5.0 a 6.4 ab Mainspring GNL + Surround WP 12 + 25a 1.2 33.6 a 4.8 a 3.0 abc Mainspring GNL + Captiva Prime 12 + 19.2 1.0 14.2 a 3.4 a 2.0 bc Perm-UP 3.2 EC 8 0.2 0.8 b 0.2 b 0.4 c Untreated check — 7.8 29.0 a 5.4 a 6.2 ab F value 2.3 7.1 4.2 3.0 P 0.084 <0.001 0.009 0.034 Treatment . Rate/acre (fl oz product) . Mean number of entry holes per bolt . . . . . . 7 DAA (25 Mar.) . 14 DAA (1 Apr.) . 22 DAA (9 Apr.) . 32 DAA (19 Apr.) . Mainspring GNL 12 0.0 14.4 a 3.2 a 15.0 a Mainspring GNL + DiAqua PS 12 + 48 0.8 24.6 a 5.0 a 6.4 ab Mainspring GNL + Surround WP 12 + 25a 1.2 33.6 a 4.8 a 3.0 abc Mainspring GNL + Captiva Prime 12 + 19.2 1.0 14.2 a 3.4 a 2.0 bc Perm-UP 3.2 EC 8 0.2 0.8 b 0.2 b 0.4 c Untreated check — 7.8 29.0 a 5.4 a 6.2 ab F value 2.3 7.1 4.2 3.0 P 0.084 <0.001 0.009 0.034 Means within a column sharing the same letter are not significantly different (LSD; P > 0.05). aIbs product (wt)/acre. Open in new tab At 7 d after application (DAA), the treatments were not significantly different from the untreated check (Table 1). At 14 and 22 DAA, the number of attack holes was significantly lower in Perm-UP treatment than in other Mainspring treatments and an untreated check. At 32 DAA, significantly lower densities of attack holes were observed for Perm-UP treatment than for untreated check, Mainspring alone, Mainspring + DiAqua treatments (Table 1). There were no significant differences among Mainspring + Surround, Mainspring + Captiva, and Perm-UP treatments.1 Footnotes 1 This research was funded through grants from the Center for Applied Nursery Research. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

Efficacy of Cyantraniliprole Trunk Spray Against Ambrosia Beetles on Red Maple Bolts, 2021

Joseph, Shimat V
Arthropod Management Tests , Volume 47 (1): 1 – Jan 1, 2022
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Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
Copyright © 2023 Entomological Society of America
eISSN
2155-9856
DOI
10.1093/amt/tsac008
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Abstract

Maple | Acer spp Granulate ambrosia beetle | Xylosandrus crassiusculus cyantraniliprole, permethrin In 2021, a nursery trial comparing the efficacy of cyantraniliprole alone and in combination with adjuvant against ambrosia beetles was conducted on red maple bolts in Meansville, GA. Red maple bolt traps, ~1.6 feet × 2.3 inches (length × diameter), were prepared and deployed in the field within 3 wk after cutting the tree branches. The experimental unit was the single red maple bolt. Six replicates of each treatment were assigned according to a randomized complete block design. The details on insecticide products and rates are listed in Table 1. At the center of the bolt, a 10-inch-deep hole was drilled, and 0.3 fl oz of ethanol (70%) was poured into the hole and was closed using a cork. A string was attached to the bolt using screws, and the bolt was hung from a 4-feet-tall Shepherd hook. In the field, the bolts were deployed 65.6 feet apart, at least 3.3 feet from the wood line in the nursery. The ethanol was topped off into each bolt every week. A single bark spray treatment was applied on 18 March 2021 using CO2 powered single boom (one nozzle) handheld sprayer at 30 psi. The water volume rate used for the applications was 100 gals per acre. The application was initiated before ambrosia beetle flight activity started after checking the weather forecast for 3 d when prediction showed temperatures above 65°F for at least the next three consecutive days. The ambrosia beetle attacks left entry holes or toothpicks on the bolt, and they were quantified and marked at weekly intervals up to 4 wk. The numbers of entry hole data were subjected to PROC GLM after log (x + 1) transformation (SAS Institute 2012, Cary, NC). The means were separated using the least square difference test at α = 0.05. Table 1. Means of ambrosia beetle entry holes or toothpicks after treated with various insecticide treatments Treatment . Rate/acre (fl oz product) . Mean number of entry holes per bolt . . . . . . 7 DAA (25 Mar.) . 14 DAA (1 Apr.) . 22 DAA (9 Apr.) . 32 DAA (19 Apr.) . Mainspring GNL 12 0.0 14.4 a 3.2 a 15.0 a Mainspring GNL + DiAqua PS 12 + 48 0.8 24.6 a 5.0 a 6.4 ab Mainspring GNL + Surround WP 12 + 25a 1.2 33.6 a 4.8 a 3.0 abc Mainspring GNL + Captiva Prime 12 + 19.2 1.0 14.2 a 3.4 a 2.0 bc Perm-UP 3.2 EC 8 0.2 0.8 b 0.2 b 0.4 c Untreated check — 7.8 29.0 a 5.4 a 6.2 ab F value 2.3 7.1 4.2 3.0 P 0.084 <0.001 0.009 0.034 Treatment . Rate/acre (fl oz product) . Mean number of entry holes per bolt . . . . . . 7 DAA (25 Mar.) . 14 DAA (1 Apr.) . 22 DAA (9 Apr.) . 32 DAA (19 Apr.) . Mainspring GNL 12 0.0 14.4 a 3.2 a 15.0 a Mainspring GNL + DiAqua PS 12 + 48 0.8 24.6 a 5.0 a 6.4 ab Mainspring GNL + Surround WP 12 + 25a 1.2 33.6 a 4.8 a 3.0 abc Mainspring GNL + Captiva Prime 12 + 19.2 1.0 14.2 a 3.4 a 2.0 bc Perm-UP 3.2 EC 8 0.2 0.8 b 0.2 b 0.4 c Untreated check — 7.8 29.0 a 5.4 a 6.2 ab F value 2.3 7.1 4.2 3.0 P 0.084 <0.001 0.009 0.034 Means within a column sharing the same letter are not significantly different (LSD; P > 0.05). aIbs product (wt)/acre. Open in new tab Table 1. Means of ambrosia beetle entry holes or toothpicks after treated with various insecticide treatments Treatment . Rate/acre (fl oz product) . Mean number of entry holes per bolt . . . . . . 7 DAA (25 Mar.) . 14 DAA (1 Apr.) . 22 DAA (9 Apr.) . 32 DAA (19 Apr.) . Mainspring GNL 12 0.0 14.4 a 3.2 a 15.0 a Mainspring GNL + DiAqua PS 12 + 48 0.8 24.6 a 5.0 a 6.4 ab Mainspring GNL + Surround WP 12 + 25a 1.2 33.6 a 4.8 a 3.0 abc Mainspring GNL + Captiva Prime 12 + 19.2 1.0 14.2 a 3.4 a 2.0 bc Perm-UP 3.2 EC 8 0.2 0.8 b 0.2 b 0.4 c Untreated check — 7.8 29.0 a 5.4 a 6.2 ab F value 2.3 7.1 4.2 3.0 P 0.084 <0.001 0.009 0.034 Treatment . Rate/acre (fl oz product) . Mean number of entry holes per bolt . . . . . . 7 DAA (25 Mar.) . 14 DAA (1 Apr.) . 22 DAA (9 Apr.) . 32 DAA (19 Apr.) . Mainspring GNL 12 0.0 14.4 a 3.2 a 15.0 a Mainspring GNL + DiAqua PS 12 + 48 0.8 24.6 a 5.0 a 6.4 ab Mainspring GNL + Surround WP 12 + 25a 1.2 33.6 a 4.8 a 3.0 abc Mainspring GNL + Captiva Prime 12 + 19.2 1.0 14.2 a 3.4 a 2.0 bc Perm-UP 3.2 EC 8 0.2 0.8 b 0.2 b 0.4 c Untreated check — 7.8 29.0 a 5.4 a 6.2 ab F value 2.3 7.1 4.2 3.0 P 0.084 <0.001 0.009 0.034 Means within a column sharing the same letter are not significantly different (LSD; P > 0.05). aIbs product (wt)/acre. Open in new tab At 7 d after application (DAA), the treatments were not significantly different from the untreated check (Table 1). At 14 and 22 DAA, the number of attack holes was significantly lower in Perm-UP treatment than in other Mainspring treatments and an untreated check. At 32 DAA, significantly lower densities of attack holes were observed for Perm-UP treatment than for untreated check, Mainspring alone, Mainspring + DiAqua treatments (Table 1). There were no significant differences among Mainspring + Surround, Mainspring + Captiva, and Perm-UP treatments.1 Footnotes 1 This research was funded through grants from the Center for Applied Nursery Research. © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

Journal

Arthropod Management Tests – Oxford University Press

Published: Jan 1, 2022

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