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Efficacy of Attract-and-Kill Formulations Using the Adjuvant ACTTRA SWD OR1 for the Management of Spotted-Wing Drosophila in Blueberries, 2020

Efficacy of Attract-and-Kill Formulations Using the Adjuvant ACTTRA SWD OR1 for the Management of... applyparastyle "fig//caption/p[1]" parastyle "FigCapt" applyparastyle "fig" parastyle "Figure" Arthropod Management T ests, 46(1), 2021, 1–2 doi: 10.1093/amt/tsab074 Section L: Laboratory Bioassays BLUEBERRY: Vaccinium virgatum Aiton ‘Climax and HeadA=HeadB=HeadA=HeadB/HeadA Premier’ HeadB=HeadC=HeadB=HeadC/HeadB HeadC=HeadD=HeadC=HeadD/HeadC Efficacy of Attract-and-Kill Formulations Using the Extract3=HeadA=Extract1=HeadA History=Text=History=Text_First Adjuvant ACTTRA SWD OR1 for the Management of EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB/HeadA Spotted-Wing Drosophila in Blueberries, 2020 EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadC/HeadB EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadD=EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadD/HeadC 1, Arun Babu, Courtney L. DiLorenzo, and Ashfaq A. Sial EDI_Extract3=EDI_HeadA=EDI_Extract1=EDI_HeadA Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 and Corresponding author, e-mail: ashsial@uga.edu ERR_HeadA=ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadA=ERR_HeadB/HeadA Section Editor: Michelle Brown ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadC/HeadB ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadD=ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadD/HeadC Blueberry | Vaccinium spp. ERR_Extract3=ERR_HeadA=ERR_Extract1=ERR_HeadA Spotted-wing Drosophila | Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) A laboratory bioassay was conducted to assess the efficacy of attract- received a single 0.2  ml drop of one ACTTRA SWD treatment, and-kill formulations prepared by incorporating selected commer- applied to the adaxial surface of the topmost leaf. Bioassay cham- cial (conventional and organic) insecticides into a SPLAT adjuvant bers were then arranged in a RCBD design, and each treatment was (ACTTRA SWD OR1) for managing spotted-wing drosophila replicated 8 times. Five male and five female adult SWD of 5–7 d old, (SWD) in rabbiteye blueberry. SPLAT (Specialized Pheromone and reared from a laboratory colony, and starved for ≈2 h, were released Lure Application Technology, ISCA Technologies, Inc.), ISCA’s rain into the bioassay chambers approx. 2 h after treatment application. fast slow-release matrix was used to formulate two proprietary at- After the flies were added, the containers were kept in a laboratory tractive blends, ACTTRA SWD TD and ACTTRA SWD OR1, that maintained at 21°C, 14:10 (L:D) h and 80 ± 10% RH for 6 d. On contain phagostimulants, and a pink dye, and are specifically devel- the 6 DAT, blueberries were removed from the bioassay containers oped for SWD management. The ACTTRA SWD adjuvants mixed and transferred to a ventilated 237  mL deli container (Fabri-Kal, with an insecticide at low doses, usually at 0.25 A.I. (%v/v), serve Kalamazoo, MI) with a cotton round (Swisspers, Gastonia, NC) in as an attract-and-kill formulation where the ACTTRA SWD attracts the bottom, and incubated in same lab environment for 14 days for SWD adults and upon interacting with the formulation, the dele- adult progeny emergence. Treatment efficacy was determined based terious effects of the insecticide incorporated into the formulation on the adult SWD mortality and number of adult progenies devel- reduces the insects’ vitality, and eventual insect mortality. The objec- oped from the blueberry fruits. Experiment was initiated on 5 Nov, tive of this laboratory bioassay was to determine the efficacy of nine and post treatment male and female SWD mortality counts were insecticides incorporated into ACTTRA SWD OR1 for controlling taken on 6 Nov, 8 Nov, and 11 Nov (1, 3, and 6 DAT, respectively). SWD in comparison to the two SPLAT formulations that lack an Additionally, number of male and female SWD adult progenies that insecticide (positive check) and an untreated check. emerged from the blueberries were counted on 26 Nov, at 20 DAT. This laboratory bioassay consisted of 12 treatments, including Data were subjected to ANOVA (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS v. 9.4) with nine formulations of insecticide + ACTTRA SWD OR1, two blank data fitted to a normal distribution, and the mean (LSMEAN option) SPLAT adjuvants (ACTTRA SWD TD Check, and ACTTRA SWD separation were carried out using Tukey-Kramer (P ≤ 0.05; Table 1). OR1 Check), and an untreated check (Table 1). The bioassay arena No significant interaction of treatments with sex was observed consisted of a 946 ml clear plastic container (Fabri-Kal, Kalamazoo, for adult mortality in any of the observation dates (1 DAT, P = 0.128; MI) with a matching lid, and with a single 5–7 cm long blueberry ter- 3 DAT, P  =  0.154; 6 DAT, P  =  0.232). Additionally, no significant minal with 4–5 leaves inserted into a water pick (DL 3805, Diamond difference in male and female mortality was observed in any of the Line, Akron, OH) filled with distilled water, and was fitted through observation dates (1 DAT, P  =  0.582; 3 DAT, P  =  0.430; 6 DAT, a circular hole in the bottom center of the chamber. Each assay P = 0.368). However, a significant difference in SWD adult mortality chamber was supplied with 15 ripe organic blueberries (Simple Truth was observed among the treatments on 1, 3, and 6 DAT (Table 1). Organic, Kroger Co. Cincinnati, OH), as a food source and ovipo- At 1, 3, and 6 DAT, ACTTRA SWD OR1 formulation with Danitol sition substrate. A floral tube (Juvale, Juvo Plus Inc. Monrovia, CA) 2.4EC, Exirel 0.83SE, Gowan Malathion 8F, Mustang Maxx 0.8SC, filled with distilled water and plugged with moist cotton was pro- and Entrust 2SC Naturalyte resulted in significantly higher SWD vided as a water source. Each chamber, except the untreated check, mortality compared with the untreated check (Table 1). Additionally, © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. 1 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com 2 Arthropod Management T ests, 2021, Vol. 46, No. 1 Table 1. Treatment/formulation Insecticide A.I. in the Adult mortality/arena (%) Adult emergence formulation (%v/v) count/arena b b b b 6 Nov 8 Nov 11 Nov 26 Nov 1 DAT 3 DAT 6 DAT 20 DAT 1. ACTTRA SWD OR1 Check 0.00 2.5c 2.5c 5.0c 58.4ab 2. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Grandevo 30WDG 0.25 1.4c 4.3bc 4.3c 59.0ab 3. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Venerate XC 0.25 0.0c 3.8bc 5.0c 66.8a 4. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Azera 0.21SL 0.25 3.8c 20.0bc 40.0b 40.6abc 5. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Danitol 2.4 EC 0.25 41.3ab 88.8a 97.5a 33.3bc 6. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Exirel 0.83SE 0.25 32.5b 91.3a 97.5a 23.9c 7. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Gowan Malathion 8F 0.25 57.5a 93.8a 100a 35.5bc 8. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Mustang Maxx 0.8SC 0.25 46.3ab 96.3a 98.8a 36.6bc 9. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Entrust 2SC Naturalyte 0.25 35.7b 98.8a 100.0a 23.5c 10. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Spear-T 2% LC 0.25 4.3c 4.3bc 8.6c 55.0ab 11. ACTTRA SWD TD Check 0.00 8.8c 23.8b 43.8b 54.8ab 12. Untreated Check - 0.0c 10.0bc 17.1c 55.8ab (P ˃ F) <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (P > 0.05, Tukey-Kramer). Treatments containing ACTTRA SWD has an effective ACTTRA SWD concentration of 87.5%, and rest of the volume of formulation was made up of the com- mercial insecticide formulation at 0.25% A.I by volume and or distilled water. Date of observation. OMRI approved. on 6 DAT, Azera 0.21SL and ACTTRA SWD TD check also resulted female = 24.2; P = 0.013). Moreover, a significant difference in SWD in significantly higher mortality than untreated check. adult emergence was observed between the treatments (Table 1), and Similar to adult mortality, no significant interaction of treatments compared with untreated check, a significantly fewer SWD adults with sex was observed for adult progeny emergence (P  =  0.876). were emerged from blueberries placed in the arena with ACTTRA Averaged across the treatments, 16% more adult female progenies SWD OR1 incorporated with either Exirel 0.83SE or Entrust 2SC were produced from blueberries than male progenies (male = 20.8, Naturalyte. This research is supported in part by industry gifts of products. We thank Albertha Parkins, Joseph Disi, and Subin Neupane for their assistance during the bioassay preparation. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

Efficacy of Attract-and-Kill Formulations Using the Adjuvant ACTTRA SWD OR1 for the Management of Spotted-Wing Drosophila in Blueberries, 2020

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Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.
eISSN
2155-9856
DOI
10.1093/amt/tsab074
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Abstract

applyparastyle "fig//caption/p[1]" parastyle "FigCapt" applyparastyle "fig" parastyle "Figure" Arthropod Management T ests, 46(1), 2021, 1–2 doi: 10.1093/amt/tsab074 Section L: Laboratory Bioassays BLUEBERRY: Vaccinium virgatum Aiton ‘Climax and HeadA=HeadB=HeadA=HeadB/HeadA Premier’ HeadB=HeadC=HeadB=HeadC/HeadB HeadC=HeadD=HeadC=HeadD/HeadC Efficacy of Attract-and-Kill Formulations Using the Extract3=HeadA=Extract1=HeadA History=Text=History=Text_First Adjuvant ACTTRA SWD OR1 for the Management of EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadA=EDI_HeadB/HeadA Spotted-Wing Drosophila in Blueberries, 2020 EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadB=EDI_HeadC/HeadB EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadD=EDI_HeadC=EDI_HeadD/HeadC 1, Arun Babu, Courtney L. DiLorenzo, and Ashfaq A. Sial EDI_Extract3=EDI_HeadA=EDI_Extract1=EDI_HeadA Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 and Corresponding author, e-mail: ashsial@uga.edu ERR_HeadA=ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadA=ERR_HeadB/HeadA Section Editor: Michelle Brown ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadB=ERR_HeadC/HeadB ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadD=ERR_HeadC=ERR_HeadD/HeadC Blueberry | Vaccinium spp. ERR_Extract3=ERR_HeadA=ERR_Extract1=ERR_HeadA Spotted-wing Drosophila | Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) A laboratory bioassay was conducted to assess the efficacy of attract- received a single 0.2  ml drop of one ACTTRA SWD treatment, and-kill formulations prepared by incorporating selected commer- applied to the adaxial surface of the topmost leaf. Bioassay cham- cial (conventional and organic) insecticides into a SPLAT adjuvant bers were then arranged in a RCBD design, and each treatment was (ACTTRA SWD OR1) for managing spotted-wing drosophila replicated 8 times. Five male and five female adult SWD of 5–7 d old, (SWD) in rabbiteye blueberry. SPLAT (Specialized Pheromone and reared from a laboratory colony, and starved for ≈2 h, were released Lure Application Technology, ISCA Technologies, Inc.), ISCA’s rain into the bioassay chambers approx. 2 h after treatment application. fast slow-release matrix was used to formulate two proprietary at- After the flies were added, the containers were kept in a laboratory tractive blends, ACTTRA SWD TD and ACTTRA SWD OR1, that maintained at 21°C, 14:10 (L:D) h and 80 ± 10% RH for 6 d. On contain phagostimulants, and a pink dye, and are specifically devel- the 6 DAT, blueberries were removed from the bioassay containers oped for SWD management. The ACTTRA SWD adjuvants mixed and transferred to a ventilated 237  mL deli container (Fabri-Kal, with an insecticide at low doses, usually at 0.25 A.I. (%v/v), serve Kalamazoo, MI) with a cotton round (Swisspers, Gastonia, NC) in as an attract-and-kill formulation where the ACTTRA SWD attracts the bottom, and incubated in same lab environment for 14 days for SWD adults and upon interacting with the formulation, the dele- adult progeny emergence. Treatment efficacy was determined based terious effects of the insecticide incorporated into the formulation on the adult SWD mortality and number of adult progenies devel- reduces the insects’ vitality, and eventual insect mortality. The objec- oped from the blueberry fruits. Experiment was initiated on 5 Nov, tive of this laboratory bioassay was to determine the efficacy of nine and post treatment male and female SWD mortality counts were insecticides incorporated into ACTTRA SWD OR1 for controlling taken on 6 Nov, 8 Nov, and 11 Nov (1, 3, and 6 DAT, respectively). SWD in comparison to the two SPLAT formulations that lack an Additionally, number of male and female SWD adult progenies that insecticide (positive check) and an untreated check. emerged from the blueberries were counted on 26 Nov, at 20 DAT. This laboratory bioassay consisted of 12 treatments, including Data were subjected to ANOVA (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS v. 9.4) with nine formulations of insecticide + ACTTRA SWD OR1, two blank data fitted to a normal distribution, and the mean (LSMEAN option) SPLAT adjuvants (ACTTRA SWD TD Check, and ACTTRA SWD separation were carried out using Tukey-Kramer (P ≤ 0.05; Table 1). OR1 Check), and an untreated check (Table 1). The bioassay arena No significant interaction of treatments with sex was observed consisted of a 946 ml clear plastic container (Fabri-Kal, Kalamazoo, for adult mortality in any of the observation dates (1 DAT, P = 0.128; MI) with a matching lid, and with a single 5–7 cm long blueberry ter- 3 DAT, P  =  0.154; 6 DAT, P  =  0.232). Additionally, no significant minal with 4–5 leaves inserted into a water pick (DL 3805, Diamond difference in male and female mortality was observed in any of the Line, Akron, OH) filled with distilled water, and was fitted through observation dates (1 DAT, P  =  0.582; 3 DAT, P  =  0.430; 6 DAT, a circular hole in the bottom center of the chamber. Each assay P = 0.368). However, a significant difference in SWD adult mortality chamber was supplied with 15 ripe organic blueberries (Simple Truth was observed among the treatments on 1, 3, and 6 DAT (Table 1). Organic, Kroger Co. Cincinnati, OH), as a food source and ovipo- At 1, 3, and 6 DAT, ACTTRA SWD OR1 formulation with Danitol sition substrate. A floral tube (Juvale, Juvo Plus Inc. Monrovia, CA) 2.4EC, Exirel 0.83SE, Gowan Malathion 8F, Mustang Maxx 0.8SC, filled with distilled water and plugged with moist cotton was pro- and Entrust 2SC Naturalyte resulted in significantly higher SWD vided as a water source. Each chamber, except the untreated check, mortality compared with the untreated check (Table 1). Additionally, © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. 1 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com 2 Arthropod Management T ests, 2021, Vol. 46, No. 1 Table 1. Treatment/formulation Insecticide A.I. in the Adult mortality/arena (%) Adult emergence formulation (%v/v) count/arena b b b b 6 Nov 8 Nov 11 Nov 26 Nov 1 DAT 3 DAT 6 DAT 20 DAT 1. ACTTRA SWD OR1 Check 0.00 2.5c 2.5c 5.0c 58.4ab 2. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Grandevo 30WDG 0.25 1.4c 4.3bc 4.3c 59.0ab 3. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Venerate XC 0.25 0.0c 3.8bc 5.0c 66.8a 4. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Azera 0.21SL 0.25 3.8c 20.0bc 40.0b 40.6abc 5. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Danitol 2.4 EC 0.25 41.3ab 88.8a 97.5a 33.3bc 6. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Exirel 0.83SE 0.25 32.5b 91.3a 97.5a 23.9c 7. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Gowan Malathion 8F 0.25 57.5a 93.8a 100a 35.5bc 8. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Mustang Maxx 0.8SC 0.25 46.3ab 96.3a 98.8a 36.6bc 9. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Entrust 2SC Naturalyte 0.25 35.7b 98.8a 100.0a 23.5c 10. ACTTRA SWD OR1 + Spear-T 2% LC 0.25 4.3c 4.3bc 8.6c 55.0ab 11. ACTTRA SWD TD Check 0.00 8.8c 23.8b 43.8b 54.8ab 12. Untreated Check - 0.0c 10.0bc 17.1c 55.8ab (P ˃ F) <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001 Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (P > 0.05, Tukey-Kramer). Treatments containing ACTTRA SWD has an effective ACTTRA SWD concentration of 87.5%, and rest of the volume of formulation was made up of the com- mercial insecticide formulation at 0.25% A.I by volume and or distilled water. Date of observation. OMRI approved. on 6 DAT, Azera 0.21SL and ACTTRA SWD TD check also resulted female = 24.2; P = 0.013). Moreover, a significant difference in SWD in significantly higher mortality than untreated check. adult emergence was observed between the treatments (Table 1), and Similar to adult mortality, no significant interaction of treatments compared with untreated check, a significantly fewer SWD adults with sex was observed for adult progeny emergence (P  =  0.876). were emerged from blueberries placed in the arena with ACTTRA Averaged across the treatments, 16% more adult female progenies SWD OR1 incorporated with either Exirel 0.83SE or Entrust 2SC were produced from blueberries than male progenies (male = 20.8, Naturalyte. This research is supported in part by industry gifts of products. We thank Albertha Parkins, Joseph Disi, and Subin Neupane for their assistance during the bioassay preparation.

Journal

Arthropod Management TestsOxford University Press

Published: Apr 13, 2021

Keywords: Blueberry | Vaccinium spp; Spotted-wing Drosophila | Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura); Chromobacterium subtsugae; Burkholderia spp; azadirachtin; pyrethrin; fenpropathrin; cyantraniliprole; malathion/carbophos; zeta-cypermethrin; spinosad; GS-omega/kappa-Hxtx-HV1a

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