EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON WESTERN PREDATORY MITE, 2006
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON WESTERN PREDATORY MITE, 2006
Beers, Elizabeth H.; Talley, Randy R.
2007-01-01 00:00:00
(A1) APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhausen, ‘Delicious’ Elizabeth H. Beers Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center 1100 N. Western Ave. Wenatchee, WA 98801 Phone: 509-663-8181 ext 234 Fax: 509-662-8714 Email: ebeers@wsu.edu Randy R. Talley Phone; 509-663-8181 ext 269 Email: rtalley@wsu.edu European red mite (ERM): Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Twospotted spider mite (TSM): Tetranychus urticae Koch Western predatory mite (WPM): Galandromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) Stigmaeid predatory mite (ZM): Zetzellia mali (Ewing) Apple rust mite (ARM): Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) This experiment is part of an ongoing effort to screen new materials for effect on integrated mite control. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard near Royal City, WA. The trees were 9-yr-old ‘Delicious’ apples with crabapple pollenizers. Treatments were replicated four times. Replicates consisted of five trees in a single row, with four untreated buffer rows separating treatment rows. Treatments received two applications of the same material, on 30 Jun and 21 Jul. Applications were made with an airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa. Thirty leaves/plot (10 from each of the 3 center trees) were collected and kept cool during transportation and storage. The mites were brushed from the leaves with a mite brushing machine and collected on a revolving sticky glass plate. The composite sample on the plate was counted using a stereoscopic microscope. Mite populations were sampled before and at intervals after treatment through mid- September. Mite densities are reported as a composite of tetranychid (TSM, ERM) or predatory mites (WPM, ZM). Cumulative mite days (CMDs) were the average of two successive counts (mites/leaf) multiplied by the number of intervening days, and summed over the season. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and mean separation used the Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test. Tetranychid mite populations consisted primarily of ERM (94%) with much smaller percentage of TSM (6%). Mite densities were low ( < 2/leaf) throughout the season in all treatments except the Asana treatment, which peaked at ca. 12 mites/leaf in early August (Table 1). This is reflected in the significantly higher cumulative mite days (CMDs) for this treatment. Predatory mite populations (99% WPM, 1% ZM) were moderate in most treatments, with the exception of Asana, which had significantly lower predator CMDs. The unregistered material rynaxapyr did not cause any elevation in tetranychid mite densities or reductions in predatory mite densities. Apple rust mite densities were not significantly different than the check in any treatment. Tetranychids/leaf Treatment/ Rate x x x formulation amt/acre 29-Jun 3-Jul 7-Jul 13-Jul 21-Jul 26-Jul 2-Augx 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 30-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep 20-Sep CMD Rynaxapyr 35WDG 2 oz 0.13a 0.22a 0.22b 0.11b 0.13a 0.12c 0.12b 0.24c 0.24c 0.07bc 0.13c 0.08b 0.04c 0.00b 11.16c Rynaxapyr 35WDG 3 oz 0.16a 0.45a 1.00ab 0.22b 0.43a 1.14ab 1.28a 0.84b 1.85ab 1.18a 0.98ab 0.36a 0.17ab 0.03b 64.97b Asana 0.66EC 12 fl oz 0.17a 0.36a 1.63a 0.39ab 1.26a 3.15a 3.41a 11.56a 2.21a 1.45a 1.33a 0.48a 0.26a 0.10a 178.67a Imidan 70W 5 lb 0.45a 1.03a 0.17b 0.10b 0.13a 0.03c 0.06b 0.22c 0.16c 0.03c 0.08c 0.06b 0.03c 0.00b 13.53c Check 0.22a 0.66a 0.40b 0.61a 0.35a 0.63bc 0.40b 0.23c 1.26b 0.46b 0.53bc 0.35a 0.12bc 0.03b 39.43b Predatory mites/leaf Treatment/ Rate x x formulation amt/acre 29-Jun 3-Jul 7-Jul 13-Jul 21-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 30-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep 20-Sep CMD Rynaxapyr 35WDG 2 oz 0.21a 0.61ab 0.48a 0.28a 0.80a 0.16b 0.19b 0.38a 0.44a 0.55a 0.46a 0.18b 0.13a 0.00c 30.44a Rynaxapyr 35WDG 3 oz 0.47a 0.32ab 0.41a 0.18a 0.23a 0.32ab 0.23b 0.33a 0.37a 0.41a 0.32ab 0.15b 0.12a 0.08b 24.18a Asana 0.66EC 12 fl oz 0.53a 0.03b 0.08a 0.19a 0.55a 0.03b 0.04b 0.07a 0.36a 0.08a 0.10b 0.08b 0.14a 0.08bc 15.00b Imidan 70W 5 lb 0.71a 1.28a 0.38a 0.43a 0.61a 0.58a 0.51a 0.67a 0.66a 0.14a 0.24ab 0.42a 0.36a 0.03bc 41.75a Check 0.30a 0.60ab 0.76a 0.24a 0.43a 0.19b 0.07b 0.37a 0.37a 0.30a 0.10b 0.08b 0.20a 0.17a 24.49a ARM/leaf Treatment/ Rate x x x formulation amt/acre 29-Jun 3-Jul 7-Jul 13-Jul 21-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 30-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep 20-Sep CMD Rynaxapyr 35WDG 2 oz 103.3a 33.7a 54.3bc 0.2b 1.0a 0.0a 0.0b 1.0a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 989ab Rynaxapyr 35WDG 3 oz 45.5b 43.2a 125.8a 6.5a 0.0a 10.7a 10.5a 2.2a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 1,244a Asana 0.66EC 12 fl oz 32.2b 16.2a 32.5bc 9.0a 0.3a 0.0a 0.0b 0.0a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 469b Imidan 70W 5 lb 13.8b 68.2a 3.2c 0.0b 0.0a 5.8a 5.0ab 2.7a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 449b Check 57.1ab 41.2a 84.2ab 3.2a 0.0a 4.2a 4.0ab 0.0a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 973ab Means within columns not followed by the same letter are significantly different, Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test, k-ratio = 100. Treatments applied 30 June and 21 July, 2006, airblast 100 gpa CMD (cumulative mite days) = Σ0.5(P + P )D , where P is the population density (mean mites/leaf at time a), P is the population density at time b, and D a b a – b, a b a – b is the number of days between time a and time b. Data transformed log(x + 1) due to unequal variances.
http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.pngArthropod Management TestsOxford University Presshttp://www.deepdyve.com/lp/oxford-university-press/effect-of-pesticides-on-western-predatory-mite-2006-92JSYBAbmS
EFFECT OF PESTICIDES ON WESTERN PREDATORY MITE, 2006
(A1) APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhausen, ‘Delicious’ Elizabeth H. Beers Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center 1100 N. Western Ave. Wenatchee, WA 98801 Phone: 509-663-8181 ext 234 Fax: 509-662-8714 Email: ebeers@wsu.edu Randy R. Talley Phone; 509-663-8181 ext 269 Email: rtalley@wsu.edu European red mite (ERM): Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Twospotted spider mite (TSM): Tetranychus urticae Koch Western predatory mite (WPM): Galandromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) Stigmaeid predatory mite (ZM): Zetzellia mali (Ewing) Apple rust mite (ARM): Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) This experiment is part of an ongoing effort to screen new materials for effect on integrated mite control. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard near Royal City, WA. The trees were 9-yr-old ‘Delicious’ apples with crabapple pollenizers. Treatments were replicated four times. Replicates consisted of five trees in a single row, with four untreated buffer rows separating treatment rows. Treatments received two applications of the same material, on 30 Jun and 21 Jul. Applications were made with an airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa. Thirty leaves/plot (10 from each of the 3 center trees) were collected and kept cool during transportation and storage. The mites were brushed from the leaves with a mite brushing machine and collected on a revolving sticky glass plate. The composite sample on the plate was counted using a stereoscopic microscope. Mite populations were sampled before and at intervals after treatment through mid- September. Mite densities are reported as a composite of tetranychid (TSM, ERM) or predatory mites (WPM, ZM). Cumulative mite days (CMDs) were the average of two successive counts (mites/leaf) multiplied by the number of intervening days, and summed over the season. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and mean separation used the Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test. Tetranychid mite populations consisted primarily of ERM (94%) with much smaller percentage of TSM (6%). Mite densities were low ( < 2/leaf) throughout the season in all treatments except the Asana treatment, which peaked at ca. 12 mites/leaf in early August (Table 1). This is reflected in the significantly higher cumulative mite days (CMDs) for this treatment. Predatory mite populations (99% WPM, 1% ZM) were moderate in most treatments, with the exception of Asana, which had significantly lower predator CMDs. The unregistered material rynaxapyr did not cause any elevation in tetranychid mite densities or reductions in predatory mite densities. Apple rust mite densities were not significantly different than the check in any treatment. Tetranychids/leaf Treatment/ Rate x x x formulation amt/acre 29-Jun 3-Jul 7-Jul 13-Jul 21-Jul 26-Jul 2-Augx 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 30-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep 20-Sep CMD Rynaxapyr 35WDG 2 oz 0.13a 0.22a 0.22b 0.11b 0.13a 0.12c 0.12b 0.24c 0.24c 0.07bc 0.13c 0.08b 0.04c 0.00b 11.16c Rynaxapyr 35WDG 3 oz 0.16a 0.45a 1.00ab 0.22b 0.43a 1.14ab 1.28a 0.84b 1.85ab 1.18a 0.98ab 0.36a 0.17ab 0.03b 64.97b Asana 0.66EC 12 fl oz 0.17a 0.36a 1.63a 0.39ab 1.26a 3.15a 3.41a 11.56a 2.21a 1.45a 1.33a 0.48a 0.26a 0.10a 178.67a Imidan 70W 5 lb 0.45a 1.03a 0.17b 0.10b 0.13a 0.03c 0.06b 0.22c 0.16c 0.03c 0.08c 0.06b 0.03c 0.00b 13.53c Check 0.22a 0.66a 0.40b 0.61a 0.35a 0.63bc 0.40b 0.23c 1.26b 0.46b 0.53bc 0.35a 0.12bc 0.03b 39.43b Predatory mites/leaf Treatment/ Rate x x formulation amt/acre 29-Jun 3-Jul 7-Jul 13-Jul 21-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 30-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep 20-Sep CMD Rynaxapyr 35WDG 2 oz 0.21a 0.61ab 0.48a 0.28a 0.80a 0.16b 0.19b 0.38a 0.44a 0.55a 0.46a 0.18b 0.13a 0.00c 30.44a Rynaxapyr 35WDG 3 oz 0.47a 0.32ab 0.41a 0.18a 0.23a 0.32ab 0.23b 0.33a 0.37a 0.41a 0.32ab 0.15b 0.12a 0.08b 24.18a Asana 0.66EC 12 fl oz 0.53a 0.03b 0.08a 0.19a 0.55a 0.03b 0.04b 0.07a 0.36a 0.08a 0.10b 0.08b 0.14a 0.08bc 15.00b Imidan 70W 5 lb 0.71a 1.28a 0.38a 0.43a 0.61a 0.58a 0.51a 0.67a 0.66a 0.14a 0.24ab 0.42a 0.36a 0.03bc 41.75a Check 0.30a 0.60ab 0.76a 0.24a 0.43a 0.19b 0.07b 0.37a 0.37a 0.30a 0.10b 0.08b 0.20a 0.17a 24.49a ARM/leaf Treatment/ Rate x x x formulation amt/acre 29-Jun 3-Jul 7-Jul 13-Jul 21-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 30-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep 20-Sep CMD Rynaxapyr 35WDG 2 oz 103.3a 33.7a 54.3bc 0.2b 1.0a 0.0a 0.0b 1.0a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 989ab Rynaxapyr 35WDG 3 oz 45.5b 43.2a 125.8a 6.5a 0.0a 10.7a 10.5a 2.2a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 1,244a Asana 0.66EC 12 fl oz 32.2b 16.2a 32.5bc 9.0a 0.3a 0.0a 0.0b 0.0a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 469b Imidan 70W 5 lb 13.8b 68.2a 3.2c 0.0b 0.0a 5.8a 5.0ab 2.7a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 449b Check 57.1ab 41.2a 84.2ab 3.2a 0.0a 4.2a 4.0ab 0.0a 0.0a 0.0a 0a 0a 0a 0a 973ab Means within columns not followed by the same letter are significantly different, Waller-Duncan k-ratio t-test, k-ratio = 100. Treatments applied 30 June and 21 July, 2006, airblast 100 gpa CMD (cumulative mite days) = Σ0.5(P + P )D , where P is the population density (mean mites/leaf at time a), P is the population density at time b, and D a b a – b, a b a – b is the number of days between time a and time b. Data transformed log(x + 1) due to unequal variances.
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Arthropod Management Tests
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