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Effect of bambermycin and dietary distillers grains concentration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers

Effect of bambermycin and dietary distillers grains concentration on growth performance and... Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 Effect of bambermycin and dietary distillers grains concentration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers ,2 †,‡ ,§ Zachary K. Smith* , Grant I. Crawford , and Erik R. Loe* *Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD; Division of Food, Animal, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Minnesota, Hutchinson, MN; Present address: Merck Animal Health, DeSoto, KS; and Present address: Midwest-PMS, Firestone, CO ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted com- greater for bambermycin vs. monensin and tylosin, paring medicated feed additives (MFA) bamber- and was not affected (P  =  0.17) by mDGS level. mycin or monensin sodium and tylosin phosphate Dry matter intake was lower (P ≤ 0.05) with 30% in feedlot diets containing modified distillers grains mDGS with monensin and tylosin than with any (mDGS). Crossbred steers (n = 256; initial full BW other treatment. Feed efficiency was not affected 418  ± 28.5  kg) were allocated into three weight by mDGS, MFA, or their interaction (P ≥ 0.30). blocks in a randomized complete block design Marbling scores were greater (P  =  0.01) greater with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. for bambermycin vs. monensin and tylosin, and The factors were: MFA (bambermycin at 20  mg/ tended (P  =  0.08) to be greater with 15% mDGS steer daily or monensin + tylosin at 380 and 90 mg/ than with 30% mDGS. Carcasses from steers fed steer daily, respectively) and mDGS inclusion (15% bambermycin had a greater percentage of USDA and 30% of diet DM). Twenty-four pens were util- choice than those fed with monensin and tylosin ized, resulting in six replications per treatment. (P  =  0.01). Liver abscess occurrence was not af- Steers were fed a diet consisting of a 1:1 combin- fected (P ≥ 0.17) by MFA, mDGS, or their inter- ation of dry-rolled and high-moisture corn with action. Results from this experiment indicate that the roughage portion of the diet consisting of corn including bambermycin in feedlot diets containing silage and corn stover. Steers in the heaviest two 30% mDGS results in increased DMI when com- blocks were marketed after 104 d and steers in the pared with including monensin and tylosin in 30% lightest block were marketed after 126 d.  Overall mDGS diet without the risk for increases in liver average daily gain (ADG) tended (P = 0.08) to be abscess occurrence. Key words: bambermycin, beef cattle, distillers grains, feedlot © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com Transl. Anim. Sci. 2019.XX:0-0 doi: 10.1093/tas/txz166 in diet formulations for feedlot cattle (Vasconcelos INTRODUCTION and Galyean, 2007; Samuelson et  al., 2016). Corn In the last 10 yr, feedlot nutritionists have begun and sorghum-based ethanol by-products are readily to routinely utilize corn-based ethanol by-products available to producers in the primary cattle feed- ing regions of the U.S. (i.e., Midwest and Texas Supported in part by funding from Huvepharma, Inc., Panhandle). Currently, the interaction between cer- Peachtree City, GA tain feed additives (i.e., bambermycin) and dietary Corresponding author: zachary.smith@sdstate.edu distillers grain concentration is virtually unknown. Received September 16, 2019. Accepted October 15, 2019. 1 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 2 Smith et al. Bambermycin is an antimicrobial produced via administered a terminal implant (120 mg TBA and various strains of Streptomyces. Streptomyces, being 24 mg E ; Revalor-S, Merck Animal Health) on day primarily active upon gram-positive bacteria, allows 28 of the experiment (November, 13, 2007). A total for increased fermentation of dietary substrates via of six animals were removed during the course of ex- gram-negative bacteria, subsequently resulting in a periment for reasons not related to dietary treatment. greater propionate production (Edrington et al., 2003). Bambermycin is different from most commonly used Experimental Design and Treatments ionophores in that it is capable of altering ruminal A randomized complete block design was used protozoa populations and in turn can improve fiber to evaluate animal performance and carcass traits. digestion (Perry, 2002). In pasture and forage-based Treatments were arranged in a 2  × 2 factorial with systems, beef cattle respond favorably to bambermy- the factors of medicated feed additive (MFA; bam- cin supplementation (Beck et al., 2016). The influence bermycin or monensin sodium and tylosin phos- bambermycin has on feedlot animal performance and phate) and modified distillers grains inclusion carcass traits when concentrate based diets high in (mDGS; 15% of 30% diet DM). The four resulting distillers grain are fed have yet to be determined. The treatment combinations consisted of: Bambermycin objective of the current experiment was to determine −1 at 20 mg/hd d (Gainpro, Huevapharma, Peachtree the effects of bambermycin and monensin sodium/ City, GA) and mDGS at 15% inclusion diet DM tylosin phosphate on feedlot animal performance and −1 (BAM15). Bambermycin at 20 mg/hd d (Gainpro, carcass characteristics when supplemented to diets Huevapharma, Peachtree City, GA) and mDGS at containing different concentrations of modified distil- 30% inclusion diet DM (BAM30). Monensin sodium lers grains since no combination feeding clearance is −1 and tylosin phosphate at 380 mg/hd d and 90 mg/ approved with bambermycins. −1 hd d , respectively (Rumensin and Tylan, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) and mDGS at 15% inclusion diet MATERIALS AND METHODS DM (MT15). Monensin sodium and tylosin phos- −1 −1 phate at 380  mg/hd d and 90  mg/hd d , respect- Use of Animal Subjects ively (Rumensin and Tylan, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) The South Dakota State University Institutional and mDGS at 30% inclusion diet DM (MT30). Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) ap- proved all procedures involving the use of animals Study Initiation in this experiment (IACUC 07-E020). The experi- ment was conducted at the South Dakota State All information related to timing of events University Southeast Research Farm (SERF) lo- can be found in Table 1. Consecutive individual cated near Beresford, SD. full BW measurements were captured at the ini- tiation of the experiment. The average of these two BW measurements was used as the initial Animals and Initial Processing BW. Steers were blocked by BW into three weight Two hundred and fifty-six crossbred steers (ini- blocks. Within each block steers were assigned to tial full BW  =  418  kg [SD 28.5  kg]) obtained from pens. Treatment was then randomly assigned to local South Dakota auction barns were used in this pen within a block, resulting in 6 pen replicates feedlot experiment conducted from October 2007 to per treatment. For each treatment, 2 pen replicates February 2008. All cattle were processed within 24 to were housed in concrete surfaced pens, partially 48 h of arrival to the SERF. At initial processing, all covered by a pole barn, with 4.9 m of bunk space steers were weighed on a legal for trade scale (read- and 26.2 square m of pen space per steer (n = 8 ability ± 0.454 kg), administered vaccinations against steers/pen). The other 4 pen replicates for each viral infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine treatment were housed in open-lot, soil-surfaced virus diarrhea (BVD) Types 1 and 2, parainfluenza 3 pens, these pens that had 6.1 m of bunk space, a (PI3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) 3.0 m concrete bunk apron, and 149 m of pen (Bovishield Gold 5, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) and space per steer (n = 12 steers/pen). clostridial diseases (Vision 7, Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ) as well as application of a parasiti- Diet and Intake Management cide (Cydectin, Bayer Animal Health, Shawnee, KS) according to label directions, and a uniquely num- Steers were gradually acclimated to the final fin- bered identification tag in the ear. All steers were ishing diet using a 5-step process. The final finishing Translate basic science to industry innovation Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 Bambermycin and level of distillers grains 3 diets (Table 2) were fortified with vitamins and min- Feedstuff samples were taken weekly and ana- erals to meet or exceed nutrient requirements for lyzed for DM (AOAC, 1990), CP (AOAC, 1984), finishing beef steers (NRC, 1996). NDF and ADF (Goering and Soest, 1970), and ash Feed bunks were evaluated at approximately (AOAC, 1990). Orts were collected, weighed, and 0730  h daily to estimate orts and adjust feed calls dried in a forced air oven at 100°C for 24 h in order to ensure ad libitum access to feed. The bunk man- to determine DM content if carryover feed went agement approach was to achieve ≤ 0.454  kg of out of condition, or was present on weigh days. If dry orts in the bunk at the time of feeding each carryover feed was present on weigh days, the re- day (Thompson et  al., 2016). Diets were mixed in sidual feed was removed prior to the collection of a 56-cubic m feed wagon with a scale accuracy of BW measurements. The DMI of each pen was ad- 1.0  kg (Rotomix 184-10 wagon mixer; Rotomix, justed to reflect the total DM delivered to each pen Dodge City, KS), and delivered once daily begin- after subtracting the quantity of dry orts for each ning at 0900 hours. interim period. Production Data Table 1. Timeline (date with days on feed in paren- theses) for experiment initiation, implant dates, and Individual BW measures were captured in the end of finishing period for each block of cattle morning before the daily feed delivery (~0730  h). End finishing No feed or water was withheld prior to any BW Cattle block Initial BW Implant period measurements. Cumulative performance was cal- Light 10/14/2007 and 11/13/2007 2/19/2008 culated using full initial BW and final BW pencil 10/15/2007 (day 28) (day 126) shrunk 4% from day 104 (Intermediate and Heavy Intermediate 10/14/2007 and 11/13/2007 1/28/2008 10/15/2007 (day 28) (day 104) blocks) and day 126 (Light block), and also by as- Heavy 10/14/2007 and 11/13/2007 1/28/2008 suming a constant dressing percentage of 63% ap- 10/15/2007 (day 28) (day 104) plied to HCW (Smith et al., 2019). Table 2. Composition of finishing diets (DM basis) 15 mDGS 30 mDGS Item, % of DM Bambermycin Monensin/tylosin Bambermycin Monensin/tylosin Dry-rolled corn 31.6 31.6 25.2 25.2 High-moisture corn 33.3 33.3 26.6 26.6 Corn silage 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 Modified distillers 14.4 14.4 29.1 29.1 Grains with solubles Corn stover 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Soybean meal 1.6 1.6 0.0 0.0 Liquid supplement 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 Pelleted supplement 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Formulated nutrient composition, DM basis NEm, Mcal/45.4 kg 95 95 97 97 NEg, Mcal/45.4 kg 63 63 64 64 Crude protein, % 13.0 13.0 15.2 15.2 NDF, % 19.60 19.60 25.00 25.00 ADF, % 8.79 8.79 10.90 10.90 Ca, % 0.70 0.70 0.72 0.72 P, % 0.38 0.38 0.45 0.45 K, % 0.93 0.93 1.01 1.01 S, % 0.26 0.26 0.37 0.37 Bambermycin, g/ton 1.74 - 1.74 - Monensin, mg/kg - 36.00 - 36.00 Tylosin, mg/kg - 8.55 - 8.55 Liquid supplement was formulated to contain 10% Ca, 8.4% K, 7.2% NaCl, 475 mg/kg of Zn, 121 mg/kg of Cu, 428 mg/kg of Fe, 1.9 mg/kg of Co, 25,000 IU of vitamin A, 6,300 IU of vitamin D, and 350 IU of vitamin E. Soybean meal based pelleted supplement for inclusion of medicated feed additives. c −1 Formulated using an estimated 10.4 kg DMI/hd d . Translate basic science to industry innovation Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 4 Smith et al. Carcass Evaluation (P  =  0.10) to increase final shrunk BW measure- ments by 1.4% for BAM steers over MT, but did not When treatment blinded personnel estimated influence (P  = 0.13) carcass adjusted final BW. The that the pens within each block had ~1.27  cm of main effect of mDGS did not influence (P ≥ 0.18) 12th rib fat, all pens within each block were trans- final or carcass adjusted BW in the present experi- ported 96 km to a commercial abattoir (Tyson ment. The type of MFA used influenced final BW Fresh Meats, Dakota City, NE). Cattle in the of these steers which is consistent with others who intermediate and heavy block were harvested on have compared differing MFA relative to monensin January 28, 2008 (104 d-on-feed) and cattle from (Thompson et al., 2016). It has also been reported the light block were harvested on February 19, that BAM feeding results in greater DMI with mod- 2008 (126 d-on-feed). All carcass measurements erate effects on gain, and that subsequently increases were collected by trained personnel. During the G:F (Lemos et al., 2016). In the present experiment, harvest process extra trim, and fat and hide pulls cattle fed BAM had greater intakes and gain, with of soft tissue ≥6.8 kg were noted, and liver abscess no influence on overall G:F. While dietary distil- incidence and HCW were recorded. Following a lers grain concentration did not influence final BW 24 h chilling period other individual carcass meas- measures; others have reported increased final BW th urements including 12 rib fat depth (BF), LM in steers when greater dietary concentrations of dis- area, KPH %, marbling score and USDA quality tillers grains were fed to beef steers (Hales et  al., grade were collected. The percentage of empty 2014). body fat (EBF) was estimated using the equation There was an interaction detected (P  =  0.05) described by (Guiroy et al., 2002). Yield grade was between MFA and mDGS for DMI. Steers in calculated by using the USDA regression equation BAM15, BAM30 and MT15 had greater (P ≤ 0.05) (USDA, 1997). A 4% pencil shrink was applied to DMI compared to steers in MT30. DMI was im- final BW for calculation of dressing percentage. proved in the present experiment when BAM was included in diets containing 15% or 30% mDGS Statistical Analysis compared with steers fed MT with 30% inclusion of mDGS. Others have reported no differences in Live performance and continuous carcass data intake when steers were fed 0% or 30% inclusion were analyzed as a randomized complete block design of distillers grains in feedlot finishing diets (Hales using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS et al., 2014). The interaction of MFA and mDGS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Categorical data (i.e., USDA in the present experiment on DMI could be due to quality grade, yield grade, and liver abscess incidence) differences in S consumption due to greater mDGS were analyzed as multinomial proportions using the inclusion. Bambermycin has been demonstrated to GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc.). reduce hydrogen sulfide accumulation compared For all analyses the model included MFA, mDGS and to monensin using in vitro models (Kung et  al., their interaction, with pen serving as the experimental 2000). The increased intake in BAM30 vs. MT30 is unit and block a random variable. If a significant pre- likely a function of differences in hydrogen sulfide liminary F-test was detected, data were separated and accumulation in the rumen, although this is specu- denoted to be different using the pairwise compari- lation, as this was not actually measured in these sons PDIFF and LINES option of GLIMMIX in steers. Differing MFA tended (P ≤ 0.09) to in- SAS 9.4. Differences were considered significant at P crease shrunk and carcass adjusted ADG by 5.8% ≤ 0.05 and trends discussed at P ≥ 0.05 and ≤ 0.10. and 5.9%, respectively for BAM steers. The main effect of mDGS did not influence (P ≥ 0.17) final shrunk or carcass adjusted ADG in these steers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The use of MFA and level of dietary mDGS did not impact (P ≥ 0.31) G:F of steers in the present Animal Performance experiment. Animal performance variables can be found in Table 3. There was no interaction (P ≥ 0.10) between Carcass Traits MFA and mDGS detected for any of the perform- ance variables, except for DMI (P  =  0.05; Table 3 Influence of bambermycin on carcass traits and Figure 1). Initial BW measurements did not of finishing beef cattle are limited (Lemos et al., differ between MFA (P = 0.92) or level of mDGS in- 2016) and the influence of distillers grain in- clusion (P = 0.92). The main effect of MFA tended clusion on carcass traits of beef steers are well Translate basic science to industry innovation Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 Bambermycin and level of distillers grains 5 Table 3. Effect of medicated feed additive (MFA) and dietary concentration of modified distillers grains (mDGS) on growth of feedlot steers MFA mDGS P-values 1 1 2 Item BAM MT 15 30 SEM MFA mDGS MFA × mDGS Pens 12 12 12 12 - - - - Steers 125 125 126 124 - - - - Initial BW, kg 418 418 418 418 17.4 0.92 0.92 0.30 DMI, kg 12.67 12.34 12.72 12.26 0.619 0.01 0.01 0.05 Live basis Final BW , kg 600 591 599 592 17.8 0.10 0.18 0.10 ADG, kg 1.63 1.54 1.62 1.55 0.108 0.08 0.17 0.14 G:F 0.129 0.125 0.127 0.126 0.0035 0.32 0.81 0.30 Carcass adjusted basis Final BW , kg 578 570 575 573 13.7 0.13 0.78 0.22 ADG, kg 1.43 1.35 1.40 1.38 0.043 0.09 0.65 0.26 G:F 0.113 0.110 0.113 0.110 0.0031 0.31 0.41 0.54 1 −1 −1 −1 Bambermycin at 20 mg/hd d (BAM); monensin sodium at 380 mg/hd d and tylosin phosphate at 90 mg/hd d (MT) and mDGS at 15 or 30% inclusion diet DM. Pooled SEM. Calculated as BW × 0.96. Calculated as HCW/0.63. a a phosphate in finishing beef cattle (Thompson et al., 12.75 12.68 12.59 12.00 2016) and this has been attributed to greater DMI for the laidlomycin propionate and chlortetracycline steers. Steers supplemented with BAM had increased (P  =  0.04) BF accumulation compared with MT steers (1.14 vs. 1.04 ± 0.055 cm) and greater dietary concentrations of mDGS tended (P  =  0.10) to in- crease BF (1.05 vs. 1.13 ± 0.055 cm). Steers supple- mented with BAM had greater (P = 0.01) marbling Simple effect treatment means scores compared with MT steers (553 vs. 520 ± 11.7) BA15 BA30 MT15 MT30 and greater levels of mDGS tended (P = 0.08) to de- crease marbling scores (545 vs. 528  ± 11.7). Steers Figure 1. Simple effect means for medicated feed additive and dietary concentration of modified distillers grains on DMI of feedlot from BAM had greater (P = 0.01) estimated EBF(%) steers (Pooled standard error of the mean  =  0.173; n  =  6 pens/treat- compared with MT steers (29.69 vs. 28.88 ± 0.269). −1 ment). Treatments were: Bambermycin at 20  mg/hd d with 15% in- There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for greater dietary clusion (DM basis) of mDGS (BAM15); Bambermycin at 20  mg/hd −1 d with 30% inclusion (DM basis) of mDGS (BAM30); Monensin so- concentrations of mDGS to reduce the percentage −1 −1 dium at 380 mg/hd d and tylosin phosphate at 90 mg/hd d with 15% of carcasses grading USDA prime. The BAM steers inclusion (DM basis) of mDGS (MT15); Monensin sodium at 380 mg/ had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of carcasses −1 −1 hd d and tylosin phosphate at 90 mg/hd d with 30% inclusion (DM grading USDA Choice (76.8 vs. 61.6  ± 4.10) and basis) of mDGS (MT30). lower occurrence of USDA Select carcasses (20.8 vs. 36.8  ± 3.99) compared with MT steers. There documented in the literature (Buckner et  al., was a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) for MT carcasses to have 2008; Leibovich et  al., 2009; Koger et  al., 2010; a greater occurrence of USDA yield grade 1 car- Mello et  al., 2012; Hales et  al., 2014; Opheim casses and fewer USDA yield grade 4 carcasses com- et al., 2016). There was no interaction (P ≥ 0.10) pared with BAM. Greater dietary concentrations of between MFA and mDGS detected for any car- mDGS resulted in increased (P = 0.01) incidence of cass trait variables in Table 4, therefore only main A0 liver scores (1.6 vs. 8.1 ± 1.90) for 15% vs. 30% effect means are presented. mDGS inclusion, respectively. Hot carcass weight, In the present experiment, BAM had no influence LM area, KPH%, calculated yield grade, and per- (P = 0.11) on HCW, which is consistent with others centage of carcasses with overall liver abscess oc- (Lemos et al., 2016). Others have reported increased currence were not influenced (P ≥ 0.17) by the main HCW when laidlomycin propionate and chlortetra- effects of MFA or mDGS. cycline are compared to monesin sodium and tylosin Translate basic science to industry innovation Dry maer intake, kg Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 6 Smith et al. Table 4. Effect of medicated feed additive (MFA) and level of modified distillers grains (mDGS) inclusion on carcass traits of feedlot steers MFA mDGS P-values 1 1 2 Item BAM MT 15 30 SEM MFA mDGS MFA × mDGS Final BW, kg 600 591 599 592 17.8 0.10 0.18 0.10 HCW, kg 364 359 362 361 8.5 0.11 0.75 0.22 Dress, % 60.83 60.75 60.52 61.07 0.700 0.77 0.06 0.40 BF, cm 1.14 1.04 1.05 1.13 0.055 0.04 0.10 0.67 LM area, cm 80.75 79.32 79.33 80.74 1.924 0.30 0.30 0.26 Marbling 553 520 545 528 11.7 0.01 0.08 0.19 KPH, % 2.32 2.34 2.31 2.35 0.141 0.63 0.50 0.82 Calculated yield grade 3.06 3.03 2.99 3.10 0.127 0.66 0.20 0.93 EBF, % 29.69 28.88 29.28 29.29 0.269 0.01 0.97 0.62 Prime, % 0.8 1.6 2.4 0.0 0.97 0.55 0.08 0.55 Choice, % 76.8 61.6 71.4 67.1 4.10 0.01 0.46 0.17 Select, % 20.8 36.8 25.4 32.1 3.99 0.01 0.24 0.12 No roll, % 1.6 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.79 0.16 0.97 0.97 6,7 YG1, % 1.0 4.4 2.0 3.4 1.37 0.10 0.41 0.98 6,7 YG2, % 40.2 42.8 41.7 41.3 4.43 0.70 0.98 0.74 6,7 YG3, % 53.8 51.6 52.7 52.6 4.52 0.71 0.99 0.72 6,7 YG4, % 5.0 1.2 3.6 2.7 1.48 0.06 0.74 0.66 Liver abscess, % 15.2 11.2 10.3 16.1 3.04 0.34 0.17 0.93 Liver a−, % 6.3 4.8 7.1 4.0 2.07 0.60 0.29 0.30 Liver a0, % 6.5 3.2 1.6 8.1 1.90 0.21 0.01 0.21 Liver a+, % 2.4 3.2 1.6 4.0 1.48 0.71 0.25 0.73 1 −1 −1 −1 Bambermycin at 20 mg/hd d (BAM); monensin sodium at 380 mg/hd d and tylosin phosphate at 90 mg/hd d (MT) and mDGS at 15% or 30% inclusion diet DM. Pooled SEM. Final shrunk BW = Final live BW *0.96 4 0 400 = small . Empty Body Fat % according to equations described by Guiroy et al. (2002; Journal of Animal Science 80: 1791). Calculated using distributions for multinomial proportions with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). YG = yield grade, calculated using the USDA regression equation. Greater BF accumulation, marbling scores, and tylosin as a MFA in feedlot diets containing and EBF% in BAM vs. MT at equal days on feed mDGS. are likely due to greater DMI by BAM steers com- Conflict of interest statement: None declared. pared with MT steers. It has been reported that feeding diets containing distillers grains compared LITERATURE CITED with dry-rolled-corn based diets without distillers AOAC. 1984. Official methods of analysis. 14th ed. Arlington grains resulted in greater BF accumulation and (VA): Association of Official Analytical Chemist. USDA yield grades in beef steers (Koger et  al., AOAC. 1990 Official methods of analysis, 15th ed. Arlington 2010), and Hales et  al. (2014) has demonstrated (VA): Association of Official Analytical Chemist. that greater dietary concentrations of distillers Beck,  P., W.  Galyen, D.  Galloway, E.  B.  Kegley, R.  Rorie, grains increased BF accumulation and dressing D.  Hubbell, J.  Tucker, T.  Hess, M.  Cravey, J.  Hill, et  al. 2016. Effect of supplementation of developing replace- percentage of steers. ment heifers with monensin or bambermycins on gain and pregnancy rates. The Professional Animal Scientist CONCLUSIONS 32(5):619–626. doi: 10.15232/pas.2016-01525 Buckner,  C.  D., T.  L.  Mader, G.  E.  Erickson, S.  L.  Colgan, Results from this experiment indicate that D.  R.  Mark, K.  K.  Karges, M.  L.  Gibson, and including bambermycin in feedlot diets containing V.  R.  Bremer. 2008. 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Marketing, USDA. 2132. doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1695. Vasconcelos,  J.  T., and M.  L.  Galyean. 2007. Nutritional re- Lemos, B. J. M., F. G. F. Castro, L. S. Santos, B. P. C. Mendonça, commendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: the V. R. M. Couto, and J. J. R. Fernandes. 2016. Monensin, 2007 Texas Tech University survey. J. Anim. Sci. 85:2772– virginiamycin, and flavomycin in a no-roughage finishing 2781. doi:10.2527/jas.2007-0261. Translate basic science to industry innovation http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Translational Animal Science Oxford University Press

Effect of bambermycin and dietary distillers grains concentration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers

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Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 Effect of bambermycin and dietary distillers grains concentration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers ,2 †,‡ ,§ Zachary K. Smith* , Grant I. Crawford , and Erik R. Loe* *Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD; Division of Food, Animal, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Minnesota, Hutchinson, MN; Present address: Merck Animal Health, DeSoto, KS; and Present address: Midwest-PMS, Firestone, CO ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted com- greater for bambermycin vs. monensin and tylosin, paring medicated feed additives (MFA) bamber- and was not affected (P  =  0.17) by mDGS level. mycin or monensin sodium and tylosin phosphate Dry matter intake was lower (P ≤ 0.05) with 30% in feedlot diets containing modified distillers grains mDGS with monensin and tylosin than with any (mDGS). Crossbred steers (n = 256; initial full BW other treatment. Feed efficiency was not affected 418  ± 28.5  kg) were allocated into three weight by mDGS, MFA, or their interaction (P ≥ 0.30). blocks in a randomized complete block design Marbling scores were greater (P  =  0.01) greater with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. for bambermycin vs. monensin and tylosin, and The factors were: MFA (bambermycin at 20  mg/ tended (P  =  0.08) to be greater with 15% mDGS steer daily or monensin + tylosin at 380 and 90 mg/ than with 30% mDGS. Carcasses from steers fed steer daily, respectively) and mDGS inclusion (15% bambermycin had a greater percentage of USDA and 30% of diet DM). Twenty-four pens were util- choice than those fed with monensin and tylosin ized, resulting in six replications per treatment. (P  =  0.01). Liver abscess occurrence was not af- Steers were fed a diet consisting of a 1:1 combin- fected (P ≥ 0.17) by MFA, mDGS, or their inter- ation of dry-rolled and high-moisture corn with action. Results from this experiment indicate that the roughage portion of the diet consisting of corn including bambermycin in feedlot diets containing silage and corn stover. Steers in the heaviest two 30% mDGS results in increased DMI when com- blocks were marketed after 104 d and steers in the pared with including monensin and tylosin in 30% lightest block were marketed after 126 d.  Overall mDGS diet without the risk for increases in liver average daily gain (ADG) tended (P = 0.08) to be abscess occurrence. Key words: bambermycin, beef cattle, distillers grains, feedlot © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com Transl. Anim. Sci. 2019.XX:0-0 doi: 10.1093/tas/txz166 in diet formulations for feedlot cattle (Vasconcelos INTRODUCTION and Galyean, 2007; Samuelson et  al., 2016). Corn In the last 10 yr, feedlot nutritionists have begun and sorghum-based ethanol by-products are readily to routinely utilize corn-based ethanol by-products available to producers in the primary cattle feed- ing regions of the U.S. (i.e., Midwest and Texas Supported in part by funding from Huvepharma, Inc., Panhandle). Currently, the interaction between cer- Peachtree City, GA tain feed additives (i.e., bambermycin) and dietary Corresponding author: zachary.smith@sdstate.edu distillers grain concentration is virtually unknown. Received September 16, 2019. Accepted October 15, 2019. 1 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 2 Smith et al. Bambermycin is an antimicrobial produced via administered a terminal implant (120 mg TBA and various strains of Streptomyces. Streptomyces, being 24 mg E ; Revalor-S, Merck Animal Health) on day primarily active upon gram-positive bacteria, allows 28 of the experiment (November, 13, 2007). A total for increased fermentation of dietary substrates via of six animals were removed during the course of ex- gram-negative bacteria, subsequently resulting in a periment for reasons not related to dietary treatment. greater propionate production (Edrington et al., 2003). Bambermycin is different from most commonly used Experimental Design and Treatments ionophores in that it is capable of altering ruminal A randomized complete block design was used protozoa populations and in turn can improve fiber to evaluate animal performance and carcass traits. digestion (Perry, 2002). In pasture and forage-based Treatments were arranged in a 2  × 2 factorial with systems, beef cattle respond favorably to bambermy- the factors of medicated feed additive (MFA; bam- cin supplementation (Beck et al., 2016). The influence bermycin or monensin sodium and tylosin phos- bambermycin has on feedlot animal performance and phate) and modified distillers grains inclusion carcass traits when concentrate based diets high in (mDGS; 15% of 30% diet DM). The four resulting distillers grain are fed have yet to be determined. The treatment combinations consisted of: Bambermycin objective of the current experiment was to determine −1 at 20 mg/hd d (Gainpro, Huevapharma, Peachtree the effects of bambermycin and monensin sodium/ City, GA) and mDGS at 15% inclusion diet DM tylosin phosphate on feedlot animal performance and −1 (BAM15). Bambermycin at 20 mg/hd d (Gainpro, carcass characteristics when supplemented to diets Huevapharma, Peachtree City, GA) and mDGS at containing different concentrations of modified distil- 30% inclusion diet DM (BAM30). Monensin sodium lers grains since no combination feeding clearance is −1 and tylosin phosphate at 380 mg/hd d and 90 mg/ approved with bambermycins. −1 hd d , respectively (Rumensin and Tylan, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) and mDGS at 15% inclusion diet MATERIALS AND METHODS DM (MT15). Monensin sodium and tylosin phos- −1 −1 phate at 380  mg/hd d and 90  mg/hd d , respect- Use of Animal Subjects ively (Rumensin and Tylan, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) The South Dakota State University Institutional and mDGS at 30% inclusion diet DM (MT30). Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) ap- proved all procedures involving the use of animals Study Initiation in this experiment (IACUC 07-E020). The experi- ment was conducted at the South Dakota State All information related to timing of events University Southeast Research Farm (SERF) lo- can be found in Table 1. Consecutive individual cated near Beresford, SD. full BW measurements were captured at the ini- tiation of the experiment. The average of these two BW measurements was used as the initial Animals and Initial Processing BW. Steers were blocked by BW into three weight Two hundred and fifty-six crossbred steers (ini- blocks. Within each block steers were assigned to tial full BW  =  418  kg [SD 28.5  kg]) obtained from pens. Treatment was then randomly assigned to local South Dakota auction barns were used in this pen within a block, resulting in 6 pen replicates feedlot experiment conducted from October 2007 to per treatment. For each treatment, 2 pen replicates February 2008. All cattle were processed within 24 to were housed in concrete surfaced pens, partially 48 h of arrival to the SERF. At initial processing, all covered by a pole barn, with 4.9 m of bunk space steers were weighed on a legal for trade scale (read- and 26.2 square m of pen space per steer (n = 8 ability ± 0.454 kg), administered vaccinations against steers/pen). The other 4 pen replicates for each viral infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine treatment were housed in open-lot, soil-surfaced virus diarrhea (BVD) Types 1 and 2, parainfluenza 3 pens, these pens that had 6.1 m of bunk space, a (PI3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) 3.0 m concrete bunk apron, and 149 m of pen (Bovishield Gold 5, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) and space per steer (n = 12 steers/pen). clostridial diseases (Vision 7, Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ) as well as application of a parasiti- Diet and Intake Management cide (Cydectin, Bayer Animal Health, Shawnee, KS) according to label directions, and a uniquely num- Steers were gradually acclimated to the final fin- bered identification tag in the ear. All steers were ishing diet using a 5-step process. The final finishing Translate basic science to industry innovation Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 Bambermycin and level of distillers grains 3 diets (Table 2) were fortified with vitamins and min- Feedstuff samples were taken weekly and ana- erals to meet or exceed nutrient requirements for lyzed for DM (AOAC, 1990), CP (AOAC, 1984), finishing beef steers (NRC, 1996). NDF and ADF (Goering and Soest, 1970), and ash Feed bunks were evaluated at approximately (AOAC, 1990). Orts were collected, weighed, and 0730  h daily to estimate orts and adjust feed calls dried in a forced air oven at 100°C for 24 h in order to ensure ad libitum access to feed. The bunk man- to determine DM content if carryover feed went agement approach was to achieve ≤ 0.454  kg of out of condition, or was present on weigh days. If dry orts in the bunk at the time of feeding each carryover feed was present on weigh days, the re- day (Thompson et  al., 2016). Diets were mixed in sidual feed was removed prior to the collection of a 56-cubic m feed wagon with a scale accuracy of BW measurements. The DMI of each pen was ad- 1.0  kg (Rotomix 184-10 wagon mixer; Rotomix, justed to reflect the total DM delivered to each pen Dodge City, KS), and delivered once daily begin- after subtracting the quantity of dry orts for each ning at 0900 hours. interim period. Production Data Table 1. Timeline (date with days on feed in paren- theses) for experiment initiation, implant dates, and Individual BW measures were captured in the end of finishing period for each block of cattle morning before the daily feed delivery (~0730  h). End finishing No feed or water was withheld prior to any BW Cattle block Initial BW Implant period measurements. Cumulative performance was cal- Light 10/14/2007 and 11/13/2007 2/19/2008 culated using full initial BW and final BW pencil 10/15/2007 (day 28) (day 126) shrunk 4% from day 104 (Intermediate and Heavy Intermediate 10/14/2007 and 11/13/2007 1/28/2008 10/15/2007 (day 28) (day 104) blocks) and day 126 (Light block), and also by as- Heavy 10/14/2007 and 11/13/2007 1/28/2008 suming a constant dressing percentage of 63% ap- 10/15/2007 (day 28) (day 104) plied to HCW (Smith et al., 2019). Table 2. Composition of finishing diets (DM basis) 15 mDGS 30 mDGS Item, % of DM Bambermycin Monensin/tylosin Bambermycin Monensin/tylosin Dry-rolled corn 31.6 31.6 25.2 25.2 High-moisture corn 33.3 33.3 26.6 26.6 Corn silage 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 Modified distillers 14.4 14.4 29.1 29.1 Grains with solubles Corn stover 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Soybean meal 1.6 1.6 0.0 0.0 Liquid supplement 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 Pelleted supplement 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Formulated nutrient composition, DM basis NEm, Mcal/45.4 kg 95 95 97 97 NEg, Mcal/45.4 kg 63 63 64 64 Crude protein, % 13.0 13.0 15.2 15.2 NDF, % 19.60 19.60 25.00 25.00 ADF, % 8.79 8.79 10.90 10.90 Ca, % 0.70 0.70 0.72 0.72 P, % 0.38 0.38 0.45 0.45 K, % 0.93 0.93 1.01 1.01 S, % 0.26 0.26 0.37 0.37 Bambermycin, g/ton 1.74 - 1.74 - Monensin, mg/kg - 36.00 - 36.00 Tylosin, mg/kg - 8.55 - 8.55 Liquid supplement was formulated to contain 10% Ca, 8.4% K, 7.2% NaCl, 475 mg/kg of Zn, 121 mg/kg of Cu, 428 mg/kg of Fe, 1.9 mg/kg of Co, 25,000 IU of vitamin A, 6,300 IU of vitamin D, and 350 IU of vitamin E. Soybean meal based pelleted supplement for inclusion of medicated feed additives. c −1 Formulated using an estimated 10.4 kg DMI/hd d . Translate basic science to industry innovation Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 4 Smith et al. Carcass Evaluation (P  =  0.10) to increase final shrunk BW measure- ments by 1.4% for BAM steers over MT, but did not When treatment blinded personnel estimated influence (P  = 0.13) carcass adjusted final BW. The that the pens within each block had ~1.27  cm of main effect of mDGS did not influence (P ≥ 0.18) 12th rib fat, all pens within each block were trans- final or carcass adjusted BW in the present experi- ported 96 km to a commercial abattoir (Tyson ment. The type of MFA used influenced final BW Fresh Meats, Dakota City, NE). Cattle in the of these steers which is consistent with others who intermediate and heavy block were harvested on have compared differing MFA relative to monensin January 28, 2008 (104 d-on-feed) and cattle from (Thompson et al., 2016). It has also been reported the light block were harvested on February 19, that BAM feeding results in greater DMI with mod- 2008 (126 d-on-feed). All carcass measurements erate effects on gain, and that subsequently increases were collected by trained personnel. During the G:F (Lemos et al., 2016). In the present experiment, harvest process extra trim, and fat and hide pulls cattle fed BAM had greater intakes and gain, with of soft tissue ≥6.8 kg were noted, and liver abscess no influence on overall G:F. While dietary distil- incidence and HCW were recorded. Following a lers grain concentration did not influence final BW 24 h chilling period other individual carcass meas- measures; others have reported increased final BW th urements including 12 rib fat depth (BF), LM in steers when greater dietary concentrations of dis- area, KPH %, marbling score and USDA quality tillers grains were fed to beef steers (Hales et  al., grade were collected. The percentage of empty 2014). body fat (EBF) was estimated using the equation There was an interaction detected (P  =  0.05) described by (Guiroy et al., 2002). Yield grade was between MFA and mDGS for DMI. Steers in calculated by using the USDA regression equation BAM15, BAM30 and MT15 had greater (P ≤ 0.05) (USDA, 1997). A 4% pencil shrink was applied to DMI compared to steers in MT30. DMI was im- final BW for calculation of dressing percentage. proved in the present experiment when BAM was included in diets containing 15% or 30% mDGS Statistical Analysis compared with steers fed MT with 30% inclusion of mDGS. Others have reported no differences in Live performance and continuous carcass data intake when steers were fed 0% or 30% inclusion were analyzed as a randomized complete block design of distillers grains in feedlot finishing diets (Hales using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS et al., 2014). The interaction of MFA and mDGS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Categorical data (i.e., USDA in the present experiment on DMI could be due to quality grade, yield grade, and liver abscess incidence) differences in S consumption due to greater mDGS were analyzed as multinomial proportions using the inclusion. Bambermycin has been demonstrated to GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc.). reduce hydrogen sulfide accumulation compared For all analyses the model included MFA, mDGS and to monensin using in vitro models (Kung et  al., their interaction, with pen serving as the experimental 2000). The increased intake in BAM30 vs. MT30 is unit and block a random variable. If a significant pre- likely a function of differences in hydrogen sulfide liminary F-test was detected, data were separated and accumulation in the rumen, although this is specu- denoted to be different using the pairwise compari- lation, as this was not actually measured in these sons PDIFF and LINES option of GLIMMIX in steers. Differing MFA tended (P ≤ 0.09) to in- SAS 9.4. Differences were considered significant at P crease shrunk and carcass adjusted ADG by 5.8% ≤ 0.05 and trends discussed at P ≥ 0.05 and ≤ 0.10. and 5.9%, respectively for BAM steers. The main effect of mDGS did not influence (P ≥ 0.17) final shrunk or carcass adjusted ADG in these steers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The use of MFA and level of dietary mDGS did not impact (P ≥ 0.31) G:F of steers in the present Animal Performance experiment. Animal performance variables can be found in Table 3. There was no interaction (P ≥ 0.10) between Carcass Traits MFA and mDGS detected for any of the perform- ance variables, except for DMI (P  =  0.05; Table 3 Influence of bambermycin on carcass traits and Figure 1). Initial BW measurements did not of finishing beef cattle are limited (Lemos et al., differ between MFA (P = 0.92) or level of mDGS in- 2016) and the influence of distillers grain in- clusion (P = 0.92). The main effect of MFA tended clusion on carcass traits of beef steers are well Translate basic science to industry innovation Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 Bambermycin and level of distillers grains 5 Table 3. Effect of medicated feed additive (MFA) and dietary concentration of modified distillers grains (mDGS) on growth of feedlot steers MFA mDGS P-values 1 1 2 Item BAM MT 15 30 SEM MFA mDGS MFA × mDGS Pens 12 12 12 12 - - - - Steers 125 125 126 124 - - - - Initial BW, kg 418 418 418 418 17.4 0.92 0.92 0.30 DMI, kg 12.67 12.34 12.72 12.26 0.619 0.01 0.01 0.05 Live basis Final BW , kg 600 591 599 592 17.8 0.10 0.18 0.10 ADG, kg 1.63 1.54 1.62 1.55 0.108 0.08 0.17 0.14 G:F 0.129 0.125 0.127 0.126 0.0035 0.32 0.81 0.30 Carcass adjusted basis Final BW , kg 578 570 575 573 13.7 0.13 0.78 0.22 ADG, kg 1.43 1.35 1.40 1.38 0.043 0.09 0.65 0.26 G:F 0.113 0.110 0.113 0.110 0.0031 0.31 0.41 0.54 1 −1 −1 −1 Bambermycin at 20 mg/hd d (BAM); monensin sodium at 380 mg/hd d and tylosin phosphate at 90 mg/hd d (MT) and mDGS at 15 or 30% inclusion diet DM. Pooled SEM. Calculated as BW × 0.96. Calculated as HCW/0.63. a a phosphate in finishing beef cattle (Thompson et al., 12.75 12.68 12.59 12.00 2016) and this has been attributed to greater DMI for the laidlomycin propionate and chlortetracycline steers. Steers supplemented with BAM had increased (P  =  0.04) BF accumulation compared with MT steers (1.14 vs. 1.04 ± 0.055 cm) and greater dietary concentrations of mDGS tended (P  =  0.10) to in- crease BF (1.05 vs. 1.13 ± 0.055 cm). Steers supple- mented with BAM had greater (P = 0.01) marbling Simple effect treatment means scores compared with MT steers (553 vs. 520 ± 11.7) BA15 BA30 MT15 MT30 and greater levels of mDGS tended (P = 0.08) to de- crease marbling scores (545 vs. 528  ± 11.7). Steers Figure 1. Simple effect means for medicated feed additive and dietary concentration of modified distillers grains on DMI of feedlot from BAM had greater (P = 0.01) estimated EBF(%) steers (Pooled standard error of the mean  =  0.173; n  =  6 pens/treat- compared with MT steers (29.69 vs. 28.88 ± 0.269). −1 ment). Treatments were: Bambermycin at 20  mg/hd d with 15% in- There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for greater dietary clusion (DM basis) of mDGS (BAM15); Bambermycin at 20  mg/hd −1 d with 30% inclusion (DM basis) of mDGS (BAM30); Monensin so- concentrations of mDGS to reduce the percentage −1 −1 dium at 380 mg/hd d and tylosin phosphate at 90 mg/hd d with 15% of carcasses grading USDA prime. The BAM steers inclusion (DM basis) of mDGS (MT15); Monensin sodium at 380 mg/ had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) percentage of carcasses −1 −1 hd d and tylosin phosphate at 90 mg/hd d with 30% inclusion (DM grading USDA Choice (76.8 vs. 61.6  ± 4.10) and basis) of mDGS (MT30). lower occurrence of USDA Select carcasses (20.8 vs. 36.8  ± 3.99) compared with MT steers. There documented in the literature (Buckner et  al., was a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) for MT carcasses to have 2008; Leibovich et  al., 2009; Koger et  al., 2010; a greater occurrence of USDA yield grade 1 car- Mello et  al., 2012; Hales et  al., 2014; Opheim casses and fewer USDA yield grade 4 carcasses com- et al., 2016). There was no interaction (P ≥ 0.10) pared with BAM. Greater dietary concentrations of between MFA and mDGS detected for any car- mDGS resulted in increased (P = 0.01) incidence of cass trait variables in Table 4, therefore only main A0 liver scores (1.6 vs. 8.1 ± 1.90) for 15% vs. 30% effect means are presented. mDGS inclusion, respectively. Hot carcass weight, In the present experiment, BAM had no influence LM area, KPH%, calculated yield grade, and per- (P = 0.11) on HCW, which is consistent with others centage of carcasses with overall liver abscess oc- (Lemos et al., 2016). Others have reported increased currence were not influenced (P ≥ 0.17) by the main HCW when laidlomycin propionate and chlortetra- effects of MFA or mDGS. cycline are compared to monesin sodium and tylosin Translate basic science to industry innovation Dry maer intake, kg Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/tas/article-abstract/4/1/txz166/5601244 by guest on 18 February 2020 6 Smith et al. Table 4. Effect of medicated feed additive (MFA) and level of modified distillers grains (mDGS) inclusion on carcass traits of feedlot steers MFA mDGS P-values 1 1 2 Item BAM MT 15 30 SEM MFA mDGS MFA × mDGS Final BW, kg 600 591 599 592 17.8 0.10 0.18 0.10 HCW, kg 364 359 362 361 8.5 0.11 0.75 0.22 Dress, % 60.83 60.75 60.52 61.07 0.700 0.77 0.06 0.40 BF, cm 1.14 1.04 1.05 1.13 0.055 0.04 0.10 0.67 LM area, cm 80.75 79.32 79.33 80.74 1.924 0.30 0.30 0.26 Marbling 553 520 545 528 11.7 0.01 0.08 0.19 KPH, % 2.32 2.34 2.31 2.35 0.141 0.63 0.50 0.82 Calculated yield grade 3.06 3.03 2.99 3.10 0.127 0.66 0.20 0.93 EBF, % 29.69 28.88 29.28 29.29 0.269 0.01 0.97 0.62 Prime, % 0.8 1.6 2.4 0.0 0.97 0.55 0.08 0.55 Choice, % 76.8 61.6 71.4 67.1 4.10 0.01 0.46 0.17 Select, % 20.8 36.8 25.4 32.1 3.99 0.01 0.24 0.12 No roll, % 1.6 0.0 0.8 0.8 0.79 0.16 0.97 0.97 6,7 YG1, % 1.0 4.4 2.0 3.4 1.37 0.10 0.41 0.98 6,7 YG2, % 40.2 42.8 41.7 41.3 4.43 0.70 0.98 0.74 6,7 YG3, % 53.8 51.6 52.7 52.6 4.52 0.71 0.99 0.72 6,7 YG4, % 5.0 1.2 3.6 2.7 1.48 0.06 0.74 0.66 Liver abscess, % 15.2 11.2 10.3 16.1 3.04 0.34 0.17 0.93 Liver a−, % 6.3 4.8 7.1 4.0 2.07 0.60 0.29 0.30 Liver a0, % 6.5 3.2 1.6 8.1 1.90 0.21 0.01 0.21 Liver a+, % 2.4 3.2 1.6 4.0 1.48 0.71 0.25 0.73 1 −1 −1 −1 Bambermycin at 20 mg/hd d (BAM); monensin sodium at 380 mg/hd d and tylosin phosphate at 90 mg/hd d (MT) and mDGS at 15% or 30% inclusion diet DM. Pooled SEM. Final shrunk BW = Final live BW *0.96 4 0 400 = small . Empty Body Fat % according to equations described by Guiroy et al. (2002; Journal of Animal Science 80: 1791). Calculated using distributions for multinomial proportions with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). YG = yield grade, calculated using the USDA regression equation. Greater BF accumulation, marbling scores, and tylosin as a MFA in feedlot diets containing and EBF% in BAM vs. MT at equal days on feed mDGS. are likely due to greater DMI by BAM steers com- Conflict of interest statement: None declared. pared with MT steers. It has been reported that feeding diets containing distillers grains compared LITERATURE CITED with dry-rolled-corn based diets without distillers AOAC. 1984. Official methods of analysis. 14th ed. Arlington grains resulted in greater BF accumulation and (VA): Association of Official Analytical Chemist. 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