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CONTROL OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON HEAD LETTUCE, SPRING 2005

CONTROL OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON HEAD LETTUCE, SPRING 2005 (E28) LETTUCE (HEAD): Lactuca sativa var. capitata L., ‘Desert Spring’ John C. Palumbo University of Arizona Department of Entomology Yuma Agricultural Center th 6425 W. 8 St. Yuma, Arizona 85364 Phone: (928) 782-3836 Fax: (928) 782-1940 E-mail: jpalumbo@ag.arizona.edu Western flower thrips (WFT): Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of the new insecticide Tesoro (pyridalyl) with other standard combinations for control of western flower thrips on head lettuce under desert growing conditions. Lettuce was direct seeded on 17 Nov, 2004 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ into double-row beds on 42-inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 4-ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Foliar sprays were applied on 15 Jan, 27 Jan, and 5 Feb with a CO -operated boom sprayer at 60 psi and 21.5 gpa. A broadcast application was delivered through two TX-18 ConeJet nozzles per bed. An adjuvant, DyneAmic (Helena Chemical Co.), was applied at 0.125% v/v to all treatments. Numbers of WFT from five plants per replicate were recorded on each sample date. Relative WFT numbers were measured by removing plants and beating them vigorously against a screened pan (12 × 7 × 2 inch) for a predetermined time (15 sec). A 6 × 6-inch sticky trap was placed inside of the pan to catch the dislodged WFT. Sticky traps were then taken to the laboratory where adult and larvae were counted. Data were analyzed as a 1-way ANOVA with means compared where appropriate using a F protected LSD (P = 0.05). WFT populations were light to moderate during the trial. Following the first application, none of the spray treatments significantly reduced adult WFT compared to the untreated control at 2 DAT (Table 1). However, by 6 and 9 DAT, all the treatments significantly reduced adult WFT numbers with the exception of the Dimethoate + Provado treatment. Following the second and third applications, all treatments had significantly reduced WFT adults. The Tesoro treatments provided adult WFT control similar to the industry standard (Lannate + Mustang Max). Among the treatment combinations, the addition of Exponent (PBO) as a synergist to the Lannate + Mustang Max treatment did not significantly improve control. WFT larvae numbers following the first application did not differ among the spray treatments and the untreated control (Table 2). At 4 DAT, application 2, all treatments except the Tesoro (6.5 oz) and Dimethoate + Provado, significantly reduced WFT larvae numbers compared to the untreated. However, by 9 DAT, application 2 and following the third application, all treatments had significantly fewer WFT larvae than the untreated. Similar to what we observed with the adult WFT, the addition of the synergist to Lannate + Mustang Max treatment did not significantly improve control. Overall, Tesoro appeared to be a have adulticide activity against WFT comparable to the industry standards, but was less active on larvae, particularly at the lower rate. Dimethoate + Provado, which is a common treatment for aphids on desert lettuce, was inconsistent against WFT. No phytotoxicty was observed. Table 1. Mean adults/plant Application no. 1 Application no. 2 Application no. 3 Treatment/ Rate amt 2 DAT 6 DAT 9 DAT 4 DAT 9 DAT 4 DAT 9 DAT formulation product/acre 17 Jan 21 Jan 24 Jan 31 Jan 5 Feb 9 Feb 14 Feb Tesoro 4EC 6.5 fl oz 1.7a 2.5b 2.7bcd 1.8d 1.7c 1.4cd 3.7cd Tesoro 4EC 13 fl oz 1.1a 2.1b 2.6bcd 1.9d 0.9c 1.7cd 3.2cd Lannate 90SP + 0.8 lb + 0.4a 1.3b 1.5cde 1.9d 1.3c 1.8cd 1.9d Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Lannate + 0.8 lb+ 0.6a 1.5b 1.3de 1.6d 1.6c 1.2d 2.1d Mustang Max 0.08EC + 4.0 fl oz + Exponent 8EC 7 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 0.8a 1.2b 0.9e 1.2d 1.6c 1.6cd 4.0cd Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz + 0.6a 1.5b 1.4cde 1.0d 1.1c 2.0bcd 3.2cd Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 1.0a 3.9a 2.9bc 3.3c 3.6b 3.8bc 7.7b Provado 1.6F 3.75 fl oz Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz + 2.0a 4.1a 4.1ab 5.2b 4.3b 4.4b 5.6bc Provado 1.6F 3.75 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 0.9a 1.4b 1.5cde 1.1d 0.5c 0.9d 2.3d Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz+ Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Untreated check -- 1.6a 5.0a 5.7a 6.7a 6.8a 9.1a 11.2a Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (protected LSD, P > 0.05). Table 2. Mean larvae/plant Application no. 1 Application no. 2 Application no. 3 Treatment/ Rate amt 2 DAT 6 DAT 9 DAT 4 DAT 9 DAT 4 DAT 9 DAT formulation product/acre 17 Jan 21 Jan 24 Jan 31 Jan 5 Feb 9 Feb 14 Feb Tesoro 4EC 6.5 fl oz 1.1a 4.0a 4.1a 5.7a 2.2c 2.7cd 1.6bc Tesoro 4EC 13 fl oz 1.0a 3.0a 3.5a 2.6b 1.3c 2.3de 0.8bc Lannate 90SP + 0.8 lb + 0.4a 1.5a 1.7a 1.9b 0.8c 1.3de 0.7c Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Lannate + 0.8 lb+ 0.2a 0.6a 1.9a 0.8b 0.6c 0.6e 0.6c Mustang Max 0.08EC + 4.0 fl oz+ Exponent 8EC 7 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 0.4a 1.2a 5.1a 1.6b 1.5c 1.8de 1.0bc Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz + 0.2a 1.9a 3.4a 2.1b 1.7c 1.7de 0.9bc Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 1.1a 3.2a 2.1a 1.8b 2.4c 4.3bc 1.4bc Provado 1.6F 3.75 fl oz Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz + 1.4a 2.4a 4.5a 5.6a 4.9b 4.7b 2.8b Provado 1.6F 3.75 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 0.9a 1.6a 2.5a 1.8b 0.7c 0.8e 0.6c Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz+ Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Untreated check -- 1.1a 2.7a 4.5a 6.9a 8.8a 13.4a 8.3a Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (protected LSD, P > 0.05). http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

CONTROL OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON HEAD LETTUCE, SPRING 2005

Palumbo, John C.
Arthropod Management Tests , Volume 31 (1) – Jan 1, 2006
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Oxford University Press
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© Published by Oxford University Press.
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2155-9856
DOI
10.1093/amt/31.1.E28
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Abstract

(E28) LETTUCE (HEAD): Lactuca sativa var. capitata L., ‘Desert Spring’ John C. Palumbo University of Arizona Department of Entomology Yuma Agricultural Center th 6425 W. 8 St. Yuma, Arizona 85364 Phone: (928) 782-3836 Fax: (928) 782-1940 E-mail: jpalumbo@ag.arizona.edu Western flower thrips (WFT): Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of the new insecticide Tesoro (pyridalyl) with other standard combinations for control of western flower thrips on head lettuce under desert growing conditions. Lettuce was direct seeded on 17 Nov, 2004 at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ into double-row beds on 42-inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were two beds wide by 4-ft long and bordered by two untreated beds. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Formulations and rates for each compound are provided in the tables. Foliar sprays were applied on 15 Jan, 27 Jan, and 5 Feb with a CO -operated boom sprayer at 60 psi and 21.5 gpa. A broadcast application was delivered through two TX-18 ConeJet nozzles per bed. An adjuvant, DyneAmic (Helena Chemical Co.), was applied at 0.125% v/v to all treatments. Numbers of WFT from five plants per replicate were recorded on each sample date. Relative WFT numbers were measured by removing plants and beating them vigorously against a screened pan (12 × 7 × 2 inch) for a predetermined time (15 sec). A 6 × 6-inch sticky trap was placed inside of the pan to catch the dislodged WFT. Sticky traps were then taken to the laboratory where adult and larvae were counted. Data were analyzed as a 1-way ANOVA with means compared where appropriate using a F protected LSD (P = 0.05). WFT populations were light to moderate during the trial. Following the first application, none of the spray treatments significantly reduced adult WFT compared to the untreated control at 2 DAT (Table 1). However, by 6 and 9 DAT, all the treatments significantly reduced adult WFT numbers with the exception of the Dimethoate + Provado treatment. Following the second and third applications, all treatments had significantly reduced WFT adults. The Tesoro treatments provided adult WFT control similar to the industry standard (Lannate + Mustang Max). Among the treatment combinations, the addition of Exponent (PBO) as a synergist to the Lannate + Mustang Max treatment did not significantly improve control. WFT larvae numbers following the first application did not differ among the spray treatments and the untreated control (Table 2). At 4 DAT, application 2, all treatments except the Tesoro (6.5 oz) and Dimethoate + Provado, significantly reduced WFT larvae numbers compared to the untreated. However, by 9 DAT, application 2 and following the third application, all treatments had significantly fewer WFT larvae than the untreated. Similar to what we observed with the adult WFT, the addition of the synergist to Lannate + Mustang Max treatment did not significantly improve control. Overall, Tesoro appeared to be a have adulticide activity against WFT comparable to the industry standards, but was less active on larvae, particularly at the lower rate. Dimethoate + Provado, which is a common treatment for aphids on desert lettuce, was inconsistent against WFT. No phytotoxicty was observed. Table 1. Mean adults/plant Application no. 1 Application no. 2 Application no. 3 Treatment/ Rate amt 2 DAT 6 DAT 9 DAT 4 DAT 9 DAT 4 DAT 9 DAT formulation product/acre 17 Jan 21 Jan 24 Jan 31 Jan 5 Feb 9 Feb 14 Feb Tesoro 4EC 6.5 fl oz 1.7a 2.5b 2.7bcd 1.8d 1.7c 1.4cd 3.7cd Tesoro 4EC 13 fl oz 1.1a 2.1b 2.6bcd 1.9d 0.9c 1.7cd 3.2cd Lannate 90SP + 0.8 lb + 0.4a 1.3b 1.5cde 1.9d 1.3c 1.8cd 1.9d Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Lannate + 0.8 lb+ 0.6a 1.5b 1.3de 1.6d 1.6c 1.2d 2.1d Mustang Max 0.08EC + 4.0 fl oz + Exponent 8EC 7 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 0.8a 1.2b 0.9e 1.2d 1.6c 1.6cd 4.0cd Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz + 0.6a 1.5b 1.4cde 1.0d 1.1c 2.0bcd 3.2cd Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 1.0a 3.9a 2.9bc 3.3c 3.6b 3.8bc 7.7b Provado 1.6F 3.75 fl oz Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz + 2.0a 4.1a 4.1ab 5.2b 4.3b 4.4b 5.6bc Provado 1.6F 3.75 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 0.9a 1.4b 1.5cde 1.1d 0.5c 0.9d 2.3d Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz+ Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Untreated check -- 1.6a 5.0a 5.7a 6.7a 6.8a 9.1a 11.2a Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (protected LSD, P > 0.05). Table 2. Mean larvae/plant Application no. 1 Application no. 2 Application no. 3 Treatment/ Rate amt 2 DAT 6 DAT 9 DAT 4 DAT 9 DAT 4 DAT 9 DAT formulation product/acre 17 Jan 21 Jan 24 Jan 31 Jan 5 Feb 9 Feb 14 Feb Tesoro 4EC 6.5 fl oz 1.1a 4.0a 4.1a 5.7a 2.2c 2.7cd 1.6bc Tesoro 4EC 13 fl oz 1.0a 3.0a 3.5a 2.6b 1.3c 2.3de 0.8bc Lannate 90SP + 0.8 lb + 0.4a 1.5a 1.7a 1.9b 0.8c 1.3de 0.7c Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Lannate + 0.8 lb+ 0.2a 0.6a 1.9a 0.8b 0.6c 0.6e 0.6c Mustang Max 0.08EC + 4.0 fl oz+ Exponent 8EC 7 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 0.4a 1.2a 5.1a 1.6b 1.5c 1.8de 1.0bc Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz + 0.2a 1.9a 3.4a 2.1b 1.7c 1.7de 0.9bc Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 1.1a 3.2a 2.1a 1.8b 2.4c 4.3bc 1.4bc Provado 1.6F 3.75 fl oz Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz + 1.4a 2.4a 4.5a 5.6a 4.9b 4.7b 2.8b Provado 1.6F 3.75 fl oz Endosulfan 3EC + 40 fl oz + 0.9a 1.6a 2.5a 1.8b 0.7c 0.8e 0.6c Dimethoate E267 + 12 fl oz+ Mustang Max 0.08EC 4 fl oz Untreated check -- 1.1a 2.7a 4.5a 6.9a 8.8a 13.4a 8.3a Means in a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (protected LSD, P > 0.05).

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Arthropod Management Tests – Oxford University Press

Published: Jan 1, 2006

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