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CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH, 2008

CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH, 2008 Arthropod Management Tests 2009, Vol. 34 doi: 10.4182/amt.2009.A16 (A16) APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhausen, ‘Red Delicious’ John C. Wise Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824-1115 (517) 432-2668 tel (517) 353-5598 fax E-mail: wisejohn@msu.edu Ryan Vander Poppen E-mail: vanderp6@msu.edu Larry J. Gut E-mail: gut@msu.edu Codling moth (CM): Cydia pomonella (L.) Oriental fruit moth (OFM): Grapholita molesta (Busck) Plum curculio (PC): Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) Apple maggot (AM): Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) San Jose scale (SJS): Quadraspidiotus periciosus (Comstock) Leafroller complex (LRC) Potato Leafhopper (PLH): Empoasca fabae (Harris) Tarnished plant bug (TPB ): Lygus Lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM): Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.) The objective of this trial was to test the efficacy of various insecticides for control of CM. Insecticides were applied to 21-yr- old ‘Red Delicious’ apple trees at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Fennville, MI (Indigo Block) with an FMC 1029 tractor-mounted airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.5 mph. Two-tree plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Tree spacing was 20 × 10 ft, with a minimum of one buffer tree and one buffer row separating all plots. Regular maintenance foliar applications were applied to all treatments and included the fungicides Vangard, Manzate, and Flint. Sevin XLR was sprayed as an apple thinning agent. Solicam, Gramoxone, and Princep were banded below the trees for weed control. Additionally, 4.5 oz of Actara was applied over all treatments on 10 Jun to protect fruit from PC damage before the trial was initiated. Evaluations for early-season pests were made on 30 Jun (PLH nymphs) and 7 Jul (OFM shoot flagging) by inspecting 25 shoots per plot . A mid-season fruit evaluation was conducted on 11 Jul by examining 25 apples per replicate for first generation of CM entries and PC. Two-minute searches per plot evaluating STLM mines were conducted on 12 Aug. The harvest evaluation samples were picked on 26 Aug, and consisted of 25 apples per plot. On Sep 10, 25 shoots were evaluated for seasonal damage by PLH. While actual counts are presented, ANOVA was run on transformed data. Transformed treatment means were analyzed using ANOVA and means separation by Duncan’s New MRT at P = 0.05. All treatments provided significant control of STLM and first generation codling moth, and all but Altacor reduced the incidence of PLH nymphs compared to the untreated check (Table 1). All treatments provided significant control of second generation codling moth, but only Altacor, Belt and Belt + Damoil treatments resulted in 95% or higher levels of fruit free from internal lepidopteran damage at harvest (Table 2). 1 Arthropod Management Tests 2009, Vol. 34 doi: 10.4182/amt.2009.A16 Table 1 Mid-season Evaluation c b a a a b Treatment/ Rate Application PLH OFM % PC % CM% STLM Formulation amt product/acre timing # nymphs Flagging stung Tunnels /2 Min Untreated --- --- 7.54a 1a 0a 4a 10.3a Altacor 35WG 3 fl oz ABCDEF 8.98a 0a 1a 0b 0b Calypso 480SC 6 fl oz ABCDEF 0.01b 1a 0a 0b 0b Belt 480SG 5 fl oz ABCDEF 0.06b 0a 0a 0b 0b Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 0.05b 1a 1a 0b 0b Damoil 1% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 0.11b 0a 1a 1ab 0b Syl-Tac 0.1% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 0.05b 0a 0a 0b 0b R-11 0.25% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 0b 1a 0a 0b 0b MSO 0.25EC 0.25% v/v ABCDEF Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05, Duncan’s New MRT). Application codes: A, CM biofix+250 DD (10 Jun); B, first cover (24 Jun); C, second cover (8 Jul); D, third cover (22 Jul); E, fourth cover (5 Aug); F, fifth cover, 19 Aug. ANOVA performed on arcsine square-root transformed data; data presented are actual counts ANOVA performed on square-root transformed data; data presented are actual counts ANOVA may not be valid as the data failed Bartlett’s test for homogeneity Table 2 Harvest fruit evaluation – 26 Aug % CM/OFM damage Treatment/ Rate Application %Lep formulation amt product/acre timing % Marketable Clean Stings Tunnels Untreated --- --- 44b 69b 5a 24a Altacor 35WG 3 fl oz ABCDEF 52ab 95a 1a 3b Calypso 480SC 6 fl oz ABCDEF 65ab 93a 1a 6b Belt 480SG 5 fl oz ABCDEF 53ab 98a 0a 2b Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 74a 98a 1a 1b Damoil 1% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 68ab 92a 0a 8b Syl-Tac 0.1% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 66ab 93a 2a 4b R-11 0.25% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 47b 94a 2a 4b MSO 0.25EC 0.25% v/v ABCDEF Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05, Duncan’s New MRT). Application codes: A, CM biofix+250 DD (10 Jun); B, first cover (24 Jun); C, second cover (8 Jul); D, third cover (22 Jul); E, fourth cover (5 Aug); F, fifth cover, 19 Aug. ANOVA performed on arcsine square-root transformed data; data presented are actual counts http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

CONTROL OF CODLING MOTH, 2008

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10.4182/amt.2009.A16
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Arthropod Management Tests 2009, Vol. 34 doi: 10.4182/amt.2009.A16 (A16) APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhausen, ‘Red Delicious’ John C. Wise Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824-1115 (517) 432-2668 tel (517) 353-5598 fax E-mail: wisejohn@msu.edu Ryan Vander Poppen E-mail: vanderp6@msu.edu Larry J. Gut E-mail: gut@msu.edu Codling moth (CM): Cydia pomonella (L.) Oriental fruit moth (OFM): Grapholita molesta (Busck) Plum curculio (PC): Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) Apple maggot (AM): Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) San Jose scale (SJS): Quadraspidiotus periciosus (Comstock) Leafroller complex (LRC) Potato Leafhopper (PLH): Empoasca fabae (Harris) Tarnished plant bug (TPB ): Lygus Lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) Spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM): Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.) The objective of this trial was to test the efficacy of various insecticides for control of CM. Insecticides were applied to 21-yr- old ‘Red Delicious’ apple trees at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Fennville, MI (Indigo Block) with an FMC 1029 tractor-mounted airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.5 mph. Two-tree plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Tree spacing was 20 × 10 ft, with a minimum of one buffer tree and one buffer row separating all plots. Regular maintenance foliar applications were applied to all treatments and included the fungicides Vangard, Manzate, and Flint. Sevin XLR was sprayed as an apple thinning agent. Solicam, Gramoxone, and Princep were banded below the trees for weed control. Additionally, 4.5 oz of Actara was applied over all treatments on 10 Jun to protect fruit from PC damage before the trial was initiated. Evaluations for early-season pests were made on 30 Jun (PLH nymphs) and 7 Jul (OFM shoot flagging) by inspecting 25 shoots per plot . A mid-season fruit evaluation was conducted on 11 Jul by examining 25 apples per replicate for first generation of CM entries and PC. Two-minute searches per plot evaluating STLM mines were conducted on 12 Aug. The harvest evaluation samples were picked on 26 Aug, and consisted of 25 apples per plot. On Sep 10, 25 shoots were evaluated for seasonal damage by PLH. While actual counts are presented, ANOVA was run on transformed data. Transformed treatment means were analyzed using ANOVA and means separation by Duncan’s New MRT at P = 0.05. All treatments provided significant control of STLM and first generation codling moth, and all but Altacor reduced the incidence of PLH nymphs compared to the untreated check (Table 1). All treatments provided significant control of second generation codling moth, but only Altacor, Belt and Belt + Damoil treatments resulted in 95% or higher levels of fruit free from internal lepidopteran damage at harvest (Table 2). 1 Arthropod Management Tests 2009, Vol. 34 doi: 10.4182/amt.2009.A16 Table 1 Mid-season Evaluation c b a a a b Treatment/ Rate Application PLH OFM % PC % CM% STLM Formulation amt product/acre timing # nymphs Flagging stung Tunnels /2 Min Untreated --- --- 7.54a 1a 0a 4a 10.3a Altacor 35WG 3 fl oz ABCDEF 8.98a 0a 1a 0b 0b Calypso 480SC 6 fl oz ABCDEF 0.01b 1a 0a 0b 0b Belt 480SG 5 fl oz ABCDEF 0.06b 0a 0a 0b 0b Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 0.05b 1a 1a 0b 0b Damoil 1% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 0.11b 0a 1a 1ab 0b Syl-Tac 0.1% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 0.05b 0a 0a 0b 0b R-11 0.25% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 0b 1a 0a 0b 0b MSO 0.25EC 0.25% v/v ABCDEF Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05, Duncan’s New MRT). Application codes: A, CM biofix+250 DD (10 Jun); B, first cover (24 Jun); C, second cover (8 Jul); D, third cover (22 Jul); E, fourth cover (5 Aug); F, fifth cover, 19 Aug. ANOVA performed on arcsine square-root transformed data; data presented are actual counts ANOVA performed on square-root transformed data; data presented are actual counts ANOVA may not be valid as the data failed Bartlett’s test for homogeneity Table 2 Harvest fruit evaluation – 26 Aug % CM/OFM damage Treatment/ Rate Application %Lep formulation amt product/acre timing % Marketable Clean Stings Tunnels Untreated --- --- 44b 69b 5a 24a Altacor 35WG 3 fl oz ABCDEF 52ab 95a 1a 3b Calypso 480SC 6 fl oz ABCDEF 65ab 93a 1a 6b Belt 480SG 5 fl oz ABCDEF 53ab 98a 0a 2b Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 74a 98a 1a 1b Damoil 1% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 68ab 92a 0a 8b Syl-Tac 0.1% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 66ab 93a 2a 4b R-11 0.25% v/v ABCDEF Belt 480SC + 5 fl oz + ABCDEF 47b 94a 2a 4b MSO 0.25EC 0.25% v/v ABCDEF Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05, Duncan’s New MRT). Application codes: A, CM biofix+250 DD (10 Jun); B, first cover (24 Jun); C, second cover (8 Jul); D, third cover (22 Jul); E, fourth cover (5 Aug); F, fifth cover, 19 Aug. ANOVA performed on arcsine square-root transformed data; data presented are actual counts

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Published: Jan 1, 2009

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