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Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, Spring, 1993

Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, Spring, 1993 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/69/4639251 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 E: VEGETABLE CROPS Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 69 Rate % Marketable Weight per Insect damage Treatment lb Al/acre heads head (Kg) rating Brigade 10WP 0.08 100.0 0.0 a 0.49 0.09 a 1.00 0.00 c ± ± Ammo 2.5 EC 0.08 100.0 ± 0.0 a 0.45 0.08 a 1.04 ± 0.03 c Fury 1.5 EC 0.038 100.0 ± 0.0 a 0.44 0.05 a 1.07 ± 0.05 c Fury 1.5 EC + 0.05 97.1 ± 2.9 a 0.46 0.04 a 1.10 ± 0.05 c Pounce 3.2 EC + 0.20 86.5 8.7 a 0.51 0.03 a 1.30 0.18 c ± ± Thiodan 3EC 1.0 78.4 ± 8.8 a 0.50 ± 0.00 a 1.66 ± 0.18 b Karate IE 0.025 100.0 ± 0.0 a 0.47 ± 0.02 a 1.00 ± 0.00 c Larvin 80DF 0. 6 89.6 ± 9.5 a 0.40 ± 0.07 a 1.28 ± 0.17 c Larvin 80DF 0. 8 100.0 0.0 a 0.45 0.06 a 1.03 0.02 c ± ± ± Larvin 80DF 1.0 100.0 ± 0.0 a 0.41 ± 0.07 a 1.10 ± 0.10 c Karate IE + 0.0125 98.7 ± 1.3a 0.47 0.03 a 1.04 ± 0.03 c Cutlass WP 0.5 Untreated 0. 0 ± 0.0 b 0.32 0.01 a 3.99 ± 0.01 a Means (± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P = 0.10). CABBAGE: Brassica oleracea L. 'Blue Vantage' S. Rowland and B. Cartwright (19E) Cabbage looper (CL): Trichoplusia ni (Htibner) Department of Entomology Diamondback moth (DBM): Plutella xylostella (L.) Oklahoma State University P.O. Box 128 Lane, OK 74555 CONTROL OF CABBAGE LOOPER AND DIAMONDBACK MOTH ON CABBAGE, SPRING, 1993: Six week old cabbage plants were transplanted into a Bernow series sandy loam soil on 29 Mar at the Wes Watkins AREC Lane, OK. Plots one row wide by 4.6 m long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. One unplanted row between rows and 3 m within rows served as spray buffers. Double- row beds were spaced 0.9 m apart with 30 cm between plants within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. All treatments were applied on 4, 14, 19 and 25 May and 2, 10 Jun using a C0 -powered backpack sprayer calibrated on 3 May @ 205.2 liters per acre. The sprayer was equipped with two TX-26 (hollow cone) spray nozzles spaced 46 cm apart and directed inward towards the base of the plants. On each sample date, five randomly selected plants per plot were sampled for CL, DBM and other lepidopterous larvae. Larvae were categorized as small (CL: instar 1 or 2; DBM—instar 1, 2 or 3) or large (CL—instar 3 or 4; DBM—instar 4, 5 or 6). All heads were harvested on 2 Jul and evaluated for insect feeding damage according to the following scale: 1 = no wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 2 = wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 3 = light head damage (3 or less feeding holes), 4 = moderate/severe head damage (>3 feeding holes). Heads rated 1 or 2 were considered marketable in accordance with USDA market standards. CL populations were high with populations increasing to 7.75 larvae per plant in untreated plots on 24 May. DBM populations were lower with the peak of 1.25 larvae per plant in untreated plots observed on 18 May. The seasonal mean number of CL eggs was significantly lower in plots treated with Condor OF. Slightly lower levels of CL (small and large) larvae were observed in the Condor OF treatment throughout the season. Efficacy of ECX 9371 AF and ECX 9348 AF for reducing numbers of large CL appeared to be affected by rate. Compared with untreated plots, all treatments significantly reduced the season mean number of DBM. A rate effect can also be seen for the seasonal mean number of DBM between Cutlass WP, with numbers of larvae decreasing with increasing rates. A significant reduction of the overall lepidopterous population was seen on 24 May and in the seasonal mean for Condor OF plots when compared with the untreated check. However, rate effects of Cutlass WP, ECX 9371 AF and ECX 9348 AF are not apparent when all lepidopterous species are combined. All treatments had significantly higher percentages of marketable heads and lower damage ratings when compared with untreated plots. Improved efficacy with increasing rates was observed with Cutlass WP and ECX 9371 AF as measured by damage ratings. No phytotoxicity was observed with any of the treatments. CL eggs per five plants 24 May Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment 3 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 6 DAT mean acre pre trea t 8 DAT 7 DAT Cutlass WP 1.0 1b 15.50 ± 7.49 a 25.25 ± 8.50 a 17.25 ± 7.09 a 11.50 ± 1.85 be 3.00 ± 1.22 a 2.50 ± 0.96 a 1.50 ± 0.87 ab 10.93 ± 2.35 ab 10.14 ± Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 10.50 ± 3.50 a 23.75 ± 3.33 a 8.50 ± 3.52 a 14.75 ± 4.64 be 6.75 ± 2.78 a 3.75 ± 2.06 a 3.00 ± 1.41 ab 1.67 ab ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 13.50 ± 3.28 a 32.00 ± 12.22 a 9.50 ± 3.93 a 30.75 ± 7.73 ab 3.75 + 2.46 a 1.50 ± 0.96 a 4.00 ± 1.58 ab 12.89 ± 2.83 ab ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 11.75 ± 3.71 a 20.25 ± 5.95 a 13.25 ± 6.41 a 36.25 ± 4.25 a 3.00 ± 1.08 a 0.50 ± 0.29 a 2.00 ± 1.41 ab 12.43 ± 2.63 ab ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 18.00 ± 2.16 a 22.25 ± 5.84 a 15.00 ± 5.12 a 29.00 ± 9.38 ab 4.75 ± 1.89 a 5.50 ± 2.25 a 3.75 ± 2.39 ab 14.04 ± 2.38 a ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 11.75 ± 1.80 a 24.75 ± 2.53 a 7.50 ± 2.87 a 13.75 ± 1.93 be 5.00 ± 2.86 a 2.25 ± 1.60 a 5.00 ± 2.12 ab 10.00 ± 1.56 ab ECX 9348 AF 2.0 qts 12.50 ± 2.63 a 26.75 ± 5.28 a 13.25 ± 3.97 a 22.00 ± 3.85 abc 3.50 ± 2.25 a 2.50 ± 1.19 a 8.00 ± 4.10 a 12.64 ± 2.01 ab ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 13.75 ± 4.87 a 21.75 ± 2.95 a 11.00 ± 4.43 a 21.50 ± 5.42 abc 7.75 ± 6.42 a 2.50 ± 2.50 a 3.00 ± 1.29 ab 11.61 ± 2.02 ab Condor OF 1.0 qt 13.00 ± 3.65 a 16.75 ± 5.72 a 8.00 ± 5.90 a 7.00 ± 2.48 be 1.50 ± 0.87 a 0.50 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.25 b 6.71 ± 1.65 b Javelin WG 1.0 1b 9.50 ± 3.93 a 37.75 ± 8.05 a 20.50 ± 8.80 a 20.00 ± 3.03 abc 3.00 ± 2.04 a 3.50 ± 1.55 a 1.25 ± 0.25 ab 13.64 ± 2.89 a Untreated 11.75 ± 2.46 a 19.75 ± 10.55 a 17.75 ± 1.03 abc 2.75 ± 1.03 a 1.75 ± 0.85 a 1.75 ± 0.63 ab 9.57 ± 2.04 ab — 11.50 ± 5.06 a Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P £ 0.10). Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/69/4639251 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 70 Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 E: VEGETABLE CROPS Small cabbage looper larvae/5 plants Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 24 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment acre pretreat 3 DAT 8 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT mean Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 18.50 ± 5.62 a 16.50 ± 0.65 a 17.00 ± 6.26 a 13.75 ± 6.42 a 30.25 ± 6.65 a 7.50 ± 1.55 a 3.00 + 2.04 a 15.21 ± 2.23 a Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 18.25 ± 2.17 a 19.00 ± 4.42 a 7.50 + 4.52 a 20.75 + 5.38 a 29.25 ± 6.73 a 10.75 + 3.17 a 4.00 + 1.35 a 15.64 ± 2.12 a ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 19.75 + 4.29 a 11.00 + 0.58 a 12.25 ± 5.07 a 24.75 ± 6.14 a 29.25 ± 9.34 a 5.25 ± 3.33 a 1.50 ± 0.87 a 14.96 ± 2.57 a ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 25.25 ± 5.88 a 14.50 ± 1.71 a 10.75 + 5.72 a 21.75 ± 6.02 a 23.00 ± 8.26 a 8.00 + 3.63 a 5.50 ± 2.96 a 15.54 ± 2.25 a ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 14.50 ± 5.01 a 13.50 ± 2.75 a 8.75 ± 4.17 a 24.50 ± 7.54 a 32.00 ± 8.40 a 8.50 ± 1.19 a 2.00 + 0.91 a 14.82 ± 2.49 a ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 16.00 ± 6.28 a 16.25 ± 5.12 a 8.75 ± 3.68 a 17.25 ± 5.25 a 28.00 ± 4.92 a 7.00 + 1.29 a 4.00 + 1.08 a 13.89 + 2.05 a ECX 9348 AF 2.0 qts 16.50 + 3.18 a 17.50 + 5.68 a 10,50 ± 3.20 a 17.75 ± 6.24 a 24.50 ± 9.24 a 6.50 ± 1.89 a 4.00 + 1.00 a 13.89 ± 2.13 a ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 23.75 ± 3.47 a 15.25 ± 4.01 a 6.75 ± 3.64 a 19.75 ± 7.60 a 32.00 ± 3.63 a 5.50 + 0.96 a 1.50 + 0.87 a 14.93 ± 2.38 a Condor OF 1.0 qt 13.50 ± 1.32 a 22.25 + 7.72 a 10.50 ± 4.43 a 19.25 ± 6.91 a 17.25 ± 6.42 a 3.00 ± 1.47 a 0.75 ± 0.75 a 12.36 ± 2.20 a Javelin WG 1.0 lb 21.50 ± 2.72 a 15.00 ± 2.16 a 6.25 ± 3.04 a 28.50 ± 7.08 a 27.75 ± 3.75 a 9.75 ± 1.18 a 2.75 + 0.63 a 15.93 ± 2.18 a Untreated 17.00 ± 5.02 a 18.00 ± 5.07 a 15.00 ± 8.82 a 26.50 ± 7.33 a 34.25 ± 11.28 a 6.50 ± 2.53 a 2.50 ± 1.55 a 17.11 ± 2.97 a Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P < 0.10). Large cabbage looper larvae/5 plants 7 May 24 May 1 Jun Rate/ 3 May 12 May 18 May 8 Jun Seasonal acre pretreat 3 DAT 8 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT Treatment mean Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 0.25 ± 0.25 a 1.25 ± 0.75 ab 4.50 + 2.02 a 1.50 ± 0.96 a 3.50 ± 0.65 a 2.50 ± 1.50 a 0.75 + 0.75 a 2.04 + 0.46 a Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 0.50 + 0.29 a 1.00 + 0.41 b 2.00 + 1.08 ab 5.25 ± 2.78 a 2.50 ± 1.85 a 2.25 + 0.85 a 3.25 ± 2.93 a 2.39 ± 0.65 a ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 b 2.50 + 1.19 ab 4.75 ± 2.81 a 2.50 ± 1.26 a 2.75 ± 1.70 a 1.00 ± 0.58 a 2.00 ± 0.58 a ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 0.75 ± 0.75 a 1.25 ± 0.75 ab 0.50 ± 0.50 b 5.25 ± 2.75 a 2.50 ± 1.85 a 3.25 ± 2.02 a 0.25 + 0.25 a 1.96 ± 0.61 a ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 0.25 + 0.25 a 0.50 + 0.50 b 2.00 + 0.71 ab 5.50 ± 3.23 a 5.00 + 2.65 a 4.75 + 3.82 a 1.00 ± 1.00 a 2.71 ± 0.84 a ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.75 b 2.00 ± 0.91 ab 3.50 + 1.50 a 3.75 ± 1.25 a 3.50 ± 1.85 a 1.75 + 1.03 a 2.18 ± 0.47 a ECX 9348 AF 1.75 ± 1.18 ab 4.00 ± 4.00 a 2.11 ± 0.65 a 2.0 qts 0.50 ± 0.50 a 1.50 + 0.65 ab 2.50 ± 1.89 a 2.00 ± 0.41 a 2.50 + 1.66 a ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 0.75 ± 0.48 a 0.50 ± 0.50 b 0.75 ± 0.48 ab 3.50 ± 2.53 a 3.25 ± 1.97 a 3.00 ± 1.68 a 0.75 + 0.48 a 1.79 ± 0.53 a 1.0 qt 3.25 ± 1.70 ab 2.50 + 2.18 ab 1.00 ± 0.41 a 2.00 ± 0.91 a 0.00 + 0.00 a 1.71 ± 0.48 a Condor OF 0.00 ± 0.00 a 3.25 ± 1.49 a 2.00 + 0.41 ab Javelin WG 1.0 lb 0.75 + 0.48 a 1.25 + 0.95 ab 6.00 ± 3.19 a 3.75 + 1.31 a 2.25 ± 1.31 a 1.00 + 0.58 a 2.43 ± 0.59 a Untreated 4.50 ± 0.87 a 3.50 ± 0.87 ab 4.50 ± 2.06 a 3.50 ± 1.85 a 0.75 + 0.48 a 3.39 ± 0.70 a 0.25 ± 0.25 a 6.75 ± 3.35 a Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P < 0.10). Diamondback moth larvae/5 plants Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 24 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment acre pretreat 3 DAT 8 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT mean Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 3.25 ± 1.60 a 1.50 ± 0.65 ab 2.00 + 1.08 b 2.75 ± 0.48 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.25 a 1.39 ± 0.40 b Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 2.50 + 1.32 a 0.50 + 0.29 b 1.75 ± 0.75 b 3.25 ± 0.95 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 + 0.00 a 1.14 ± 0.45 b ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 4.25 + 0.95 a 1.33 ± 1.33 ab 0.75 ± 0.75 b 1.50 + 0.75 ab 0.50 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 + 0.00 a 1.19 ± 0.40 b ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 7.00 ± 4.60 a 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.75 ± 0.48 b 2.75 ± 0.48 ab 0.25 ± 0.25 a 0.25 + 0.25 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.57 ± 0.80 b ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 2.50 ± 1.04 a 0.25 ± 0.25 b 1.25 ± 0.95 b 1.25 ± 0.48 ab 0.25 ± 0.25 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.79 ± 0.27 b 2.00 ± 1.08 b 0.50 ± 0.29 a 2.00 ± 2.00 a ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 2.25 + 0.48 a 0.25 ± 0.25 b 1.00 ± 1.00 a 0.25 ± 0.25 a 1.18 ± 0.36 b ECX 9348 AF 2.0 qts 5.25 ± 2.02 a 0.75 ± 0.25 ab 0.50 ± 0.29 b 1.25 + 0.48 ab 0.25 ± 0.25 a 0.25 + 0.25 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.18 ± 0.43 b ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 5.25 + 0.48 a 0.50 ± 0.29 b 3.25 ± 2.02 ab 2.50 + 0.50 ab 1.25 ± 1.25 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.82 ± 0.51 b Condor OF 1.0 qt 6.50 + 1.94 a 0.75 ± 0.48 ab 1.50 ± 0.65 b 2.00 + 1.00 ab 0.00 + 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.54 ± 0.55 b Javelin WG 1.0 lb 2.75 + 1.31 a 1.00 ± 0.71 ab 1.75 ± 1.44 b 1.75 + 0.25 ab 0.75 + 0.48 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.14 ± 0.37 b Untreated 5.75 ± 1.60 a 0.50 ± 0.29 a 3.21 ± 0.61 a 5.25 ± 1.44 a 3.00 ± 0.71 a 6.25 ± 1.11 a 1.50 ± 0.87 a 0.25 ± 0.25 a Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P ^ 0.10). Total lepidopterous larvae/5 plants Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 24 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment acre pretreat 3 DAT 8 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT mean Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 22.0 ± 5.52 a 19.25 + 0.85 a 23.50 ± 7.41 a 18.00 ± 5.61 a 33.75 + 6.99 ab 10.00 ± 1.78 a 4.00 ± 2.27 a 18.64 ± 2.39 ab Cutlass WP 21.25 ± 1.38 a 20.50 + 4.35 a 11.25 ± 4.33 a 29.25 + 2.46 a 31.75 + 7.15 ab 13.00 ± 3.29 a 7.25 ± 3.57 a 19.18 ± 2.14ab 1.5 lbs ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 24.00 + 4.02 a 12.33 + 0.88 a 15.50 ± 4.97 a 31.00 ± 6.98 a 32.25 + 8.49 ab 8.00 ± 4.22 a 2.50 + 0.87 a 18.15 ± 2.74 ab 33.00 ± 8.83 a 29.75 ± 5.86 a 11.50 + 4.33 a ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 15.75 + 2.29 a 12.00 ± 5.24 a 25.75 + 8.34 ab 5.75 + 2.84 a 19.07 ± 2.70 ab ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 17.25 ± 5.11 a 31.25 ± 9.68 a 37.25 + 9.83 ab 13.25 ± 4.61 a 18.32 ± 2.94 ab 14.25 ± 2.53 a 12.00 ± 4.06 a 3.00 ± 1.78 a Continued Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/69/4639251 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 E: VEGETABLE CROPS Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 71 Total lepidopterous larvae/5 plants Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 24 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment acre pre treat 4 DAT 5 DAT mean 3 DAT 8 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT ECX 9348 AF 17.29 ± 2.19 ab 1.0 qt 18.50 ± 6.40 a 17.25 ± 5.02 a 12.75 ± 3.88 a 21.25 ± 6.42 a 33.75 ± 4.40 ab 11.50 ± 1.55 a 6.00 ± 1.47 a ECX 9348 AF 22.25 ± 2.95 a 10.75 ± 4.15 a 2.0 qts 20.00 ± 6.62 a 12.50 ± 2.99 a 21.50 ± 6.51 a 26.75 ± 9.31 ab 6.50 ± 2.02 a 17.18 ± 2.25 ab ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 29.75 ± 3.71 a 16.25 ± 4.15 a 10.75 ± 2.32 a 25.75 ± 8.78 a 36.50 ± 3.28 ab 8.50 ± 2.33 a 2.25 ± 0.63 a 18.54 ± 2.64 ab Condor OF 1.0 qt 20.00 ± 2.35 a 18.25 ± 6.41 b 5.00 ± 1.73 a 15.61 ± 2.40 b 26.25 ± 6.92 a 14.50 ± 6.20 a 24.50 ± 6.44 a 0.75 ± 0.75 a Javelin WG 25.00 ± 4.22 a 12.00 ± 1.15 a 1.0 lb 18.00 ± 2.12 a 9.25 ± 3.04 a 36.25 ± 8.69 a 32.25 ± 4.01 ab 3.75 ± 0.48 a 19.50 ± 2.58 ab Unlreated 22.50 ± 3.86 a 39.50 ± 9.28 a 40.25 ± 12.03 a 10.50 ± 3.52 a 3.50 ± 1.94 a 23.75 ± 3.47 a 25.50 ± 5.62 a 24.50 ± 9.72 a (23)' (12) (23) (16) (4) (5) (9) (14) Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P £ 0.10). 'Percent DBM; remaining percentage comprised of CL. % Marketable Weight per Insect damage Treatment Rate/acre heads head (Kg) rating Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 84.9 ± 8.9 a 0.86 + 0.29 a 1.46 ± 0.14 b Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 97.5 ± 1.5 a 0.69 ± 0.18 a 1.26 ± 0.04 b ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 75.7 ± 8.2 a 0.91 ± 0.04 a 1.72 ± 0.18 b ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 91.9 ± 3.8 a 0.93 ± 0.07 a 1.47 ± 0.15 b ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 90.9 ± 2.8 a 0.84 ± 0.08 a 1.27 ± 0.06 b ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 73.0 ± 9.5 a 0.86 ± 0.11 a 1.80 ± 0.13 b ECX 9348 AF 2.0 qts 93.6 ± 2.6 a 0.90 ± 0.05 a 1.27 ± 0.06 b ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 84.1 ± 6.8 a 0.77 ± 0.09 a 1.42 ± 0.15 b Condor OF 1.0 qt 83.5 ± 7.1 a 0.74 ± 0.06 a 1.43 ± 0.13 b Javelin WG 1.0 lb 90.0 ± 3.9 a 0.79 ± 0.10 a 1.32 ± 0.11 b Untreated 3.2 ± 1.9 b 0.73 ± 0.08 a 3.57 ± 0.08 a Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (P = 0.10, REGWQ). CABBAGE: Brassica oleracea L. 'Blue Vantage' S. Rowland and B. Cartwright (20E) Cabbage Looper (CL); Trichoplusia ni (Hiibner) Department of Entomology Diamondback Moth (DBM); Plutella xylostella (L.) Oklahoma State University P.O. Box 128 Lane, OK 74555 CABBAGE LOOPER AND DIAMONDBACK MOTH CONTROL ON CABBAGE, SPRING, 1993: Six week old plants were transplanted into a Bernow series fine, sandy loam soil at the Wes Watkins AREC in Lane, OK. Plots measuring one row wide by 4.6 m long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. One unplanted bed between beds and 3 m within rows served as spray buffers. Beds were spaced 0.9 m apart and plants were spaced 30 cm apart and arranged with two rows on each bed. Conventional cultural practices were used throughout the trial. All treatments were applied on 14, 19 and 25 May and 2, 10, and 16 Jun using a CO powered backpack sprayer calibrated on 3 May at 205 liters per acre at 30 psi. The spray boom was configured with two TX-26 hollow cone nozzles spaced 46 cm apart and directed inward towards the base of the plants. On each sample date, five randomly selected plants per plot were sampled for CL, DBM and other lepidopterous larvae. Larvae were categorized as small (CL—instar 1 or 2; DBM—instar 1, 2 or 3) or large (CL—instar 3 or 4; DBM—instar 4, 5 or 6). All heads from each plot were harvested on 21 Jun and rated for lepidopterous feeding damage according to the following scale: 1 = no wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 2 = wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 3 = light head damage (< 3 feeding holes), 4 = moderate/severe head damage (>3 feeding holes). Heads rated 1 or 2 were considered marketable in accordance with USDA market standards. CL populations were high with peak populations observed at 8.7 larvae per plant on 24 May. DBM populations were lower with only 0.65 larvae per plant on May 13. On 24 May, CGA-269941 WP significantly reduced the number of small CL larvae compared with the untreated control. All treatments except CGA-269941 WP at 0.25 lbs per acre significantly reduced small CL populations compared with untreated plots. Efficacy of CGA- 269941 WP for controlling both small (8 Jun) and large (all dates) CL larvae appeared to be affected by rate. Large CL populations were significantly reduced by all treatments on 18 May and by CGA-269941 WP at 2.0 lbs/acre on 24 May. A significant reduction of the overall lepidopterous population was achieved by CGA-269941 WP at 2.0 lbs/acre on 24 May, 8 Jun and 15 Jun and by Dipel 2X on 8 Jun. Seasonal mean numbers of small CL were significantly reduced by all treatments except Agree 50WP at 0.5 lbs/acre. Seasonal mean populations of large CL and total lepidopterous were signif­ icantly reduced by all treatments compared with untreated plots. All treatments had significantly higher percentages of marketable heads and lower damage ratings compared to untreated plots, with CGA-269941 WP at 1.0 lb/acre and 2.0 lbs/acre and Dipel 2X significantly improving marketability when compared with all other treatments. Decreased damage with increasing rates was observed with CGA-269941 WP and Agree, however, Agree failed to limit damage satisfactorily in this experiment where CL was the predominant species. No phytotoxicity was observed with any of the treatments. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, Spring, 1993

Rowland,, S.; Cartwright,, B.
Arthropod Management Tests , Volume 19 (1) – Jan 1, 1994
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Oxford University Press
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© 1994, Entomological Society of America
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2155-9856
DOI
10.1093/amt/19.1.69
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Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/69/4639251 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 E: VEGETABLE CROPS Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 69 Rate % Marketable Weight per Insect damage Treatment lb Al/acre heads head (Kg) rating Brigade 10WP 0.08 100.0 0.0 a 0.49 0.09 a 1.00 0.00 c ± ± Ammo 2.5 EC 0.08 100.0 ± 0.0 a 0.45 0.08 a 1.04 ± 0.03 c Fury 1.5 EC 0.038 100.0 ± 0.0 a 0.44 0.05 a 1.07 ± 0.05 c Fury 1.5 EC + 0.05 97.1 ± 2.9 a 0.46 0.04 a 1.10 ± 0.05 c Pounce 3.2 EC + 0.20 86.5 8.7 a 0.51 0.03 a 1.30 0.18 c ± ± Thiodan 3EC 1.0 78.4 ± 8.8 a 0.50 ± 0.00 a 1.66 ± 0.18 b Karate IE 0.025 100.0 ± 0.0 a 0.47 ± 0.02 a 1.00 ± 0.00 c Larvin 80DF 0. 6 89.6 ± 9.5 a 0.40 ± 0.07 a 1.28 ± 0.17 c Larvin 80DF 0. 8 100.0 0.0 a 0.45 0.06 a 1.03 0.02 c ± ± ± Larvin 80DF 1.0 100.0 ± 0.0 a 0.41 ± 0.07 a 1.10 ± 0.10 c Karate IE + 0.0125 98.7 ± 1.3a 0.47 0.03 a 1.04 ± 0.03 c Cutlass WP 0.5 Untreated 0. 0 ± 0.0 b 0.32 0.01 a 3.99 ± 0.01 a Means (± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P = 0.10). CABBAGE: Brassica oleracea L. 'Blue Vantage' S. Rowland and B. Cartwright (19E) Cabbage looper (CL): Trichoplusia ni (Htibner) Department of Entomology Diamondback moth (DBM): Plutella xylostella (L.) Oklahoma State University P.O. Box 128 Lane, OK 74555 CONTROL OF CABBAGE LOOPER AND DIAMONDBACK MOTH ON CABBAGE, SPRING, 1993: Six week old cabbage plants were transplanted into a Bernow series sandy loam soil on 29 Mar at the Wes Watkins AREC Lane, OK. Plots one row wide by 4.6 m long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. One unplanted row between rows and 3 m within rows served as spray buffers. Double- row beds were spaced 0.9 m apart with 30 cm between plants within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. All treatments were applied on 4, 14, 19 and 25 May and 2, 10 Jun using a C0 -powered backpack sprayer calibrated on 3 May @ 205.2 liters per acre. The sprayer was equipped with two TX-26 (hollow cone) spray nozzles spaced 46 cm apart and directed inward towards the base of the plants. On each sample date, five randomly selected plants per plot were sampled for CL, DBM and other lepidopterous larvae. Larvae were categorized as small (CL: instar 1 or 2; DBM—instar 1, 2 or 3) or large (CL—instar 3 or 4; DBM—instar 4, 5 or 6). All heads were harvested on 2 Jul and evaluated for insect feeding damage according to the following scale: 1 = no wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 2 = wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 3 = light head damage (3 or less feeding holes), 4 = moderate/severe head damage (>3 feeding holes). Heads rated 1 or 2 were considered marketable in accordance with USDA market standards. CL populations were high with populations increasing to 7.75 larvae per plant in untreated plots on 24 May. DBM populations were lower with the peak of 1.25 larvae per plant in untreated plots observed on 18 May. The seasonal mean number of CL eggs was significantly lower in plots treated with Condor OF. Slightly lower levels of CL (small and large) larvae were observed in the Condor OF treatment throughout the season. Efficacy of ECX 9371 AF and ECX 9348 AF for reducing numbers of large CL appeared to be affected by rate. Compared with untreated plots, all treatments significantly reduced the season mean number of DBM. A rate effect can also be seen for the seasonal mean number of DBM between Cutlass WP, with numbers of larvae decreasing with increasing rates. A significant reduction of the overall lepidopterous population was seen on 24 May and in the seasonal mean for Condor OF plots when compared with the untreated check. However, rate effects of Cutlass WP, ECX 9371 AF and ECX 9348 AF are not apparent when all lepidopterous species are combined. All treatments had significantly higher percentages of marketable heads and lower damage ratings when compared with untreated plots. Improved efficacy with increasing rates was observed with Cutlass WP and ECX 9371 AF as measured by damage ratings. No phytotoxicity was observed with any of the treatments. CL eggs per five plants 24 May Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment 3 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 6 DAT mean acre pre trea t 8 DAT 7 DAT Cutlass WP 1.0 1b 15.50 ± 7.49 a 25.25 ± 8.50 a 17.25 ± 7.09 a 11.50 ± 1.85 be 3.00 ± 1.22 a 2.50 ± 0.96 a 1.50 ± 0.87 ab 10.93 ± 2.35 ab 10.14 ± Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 10.50 ± 3.50 a 23.75 ± 3.33 a 8.50 ± 3.52 a 14.75 ± 4.64 be 6.75 ± 2.78 a 3.75 ± 2.06 a 3.00 ± 1.41 ab 1.67 ab ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 13.50 ± 3.28 a 32.00 ± 12.22 a 9.50 ± 3.93 a 30.75 ± 7.73 ab 3.75 + 2.46 a 1.50 ± 0.96 a 4.00 ± 1.58 ab 12.89 ± 2.83 ab ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 11.75 ± 3.71 a 20.25 ± 5.95 a 13.25 ± 6.41 a 36.25 ± 4.25 a 3.00 ± 1.08 a 0.50 ± 0.29 a 2.00 ± 1.41 ab 12.43 ± 2.63 ab ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 18.00 ± 2.16 a 22.25 ± 5.84 a 15.00 ± 5.12 a 29.00 ± 9.38 ab 4.75 ± 1.89 a 5.50 ± 2.25 a 3.75 ± 2.39 ab 14.04 ± 2.38 a ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 11.75 ± 1.80 a 24.75 ± 2.53 a 7.50 ± 2.87 a 13.75 ± 1.93 be 5.00 ± 2.86 a 2.25 ± 1.60 a 5.00 ± 2.12 ab 10.00 ± 1.56 ab ECX 9348 AF 2.0 qts 12.50 ± 2.63 a 26.75 ± 5.28 a 13.25 ± 3.97 a 22.00 ± 3.85 abc 3.50 ± 2.25 a 2.50 ± 1.19 a 8.00 ± 4.10 a 12.64 ± 2.01 ab ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 13.75 ± 4.87 a 21.75 ± 2.95 a 11.00 ± 4.43 a 21.50 ± 5.42 abc 7.75 ± 6.42 a 2.50 ± 2.50 a 3.00 ± 1.29 ab 11.61 ± 2.02 ab Condor OF 1.0 qt 13.00 ± 3.65 a 16.75 ± 5.72 a 8.00 ± 5.90 a 7.00 ± 2.48 be 1.50 ± 0.87 a 0.50 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.25 b 6.71 ± 1.65 b Javelin WG 1.0 1b 9.50 ± 3.93 a 37.75 ± 8.05 a 20.50 ± 8.80 a 20.00 ± 3.03 abc 3.00 ± 2.04 a 3.50 ± 1.55 a 1.25 ± 0.25 ab 13.64 ± 2.89 a Untreated 11.75 ± 2.46 a 19.75 ± 10.55 a 17.75 ± 1.03 abc 2.75 ± 1.03 a 1.75 ± 0.85 a 1.75 ± 0.63 ab 9.57 ± 2.04 ab — 11.50 ± 5.06 a Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P £ 0.10). Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/69/4639251 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 70 Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 E: VEGETABLE CROPS Small cabbage looper larvae/5 plants Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 24 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment acre pretreat 3 DAT 8 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT mean Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 18.50 ± 5.62 a 16.50 ± 0.65 a 17.00 ± 6.26 a 13.75 ± 6.42 a 30.25 ± 6.65 a 7.50 ± 1.55 a 3.00 + 2.04 a 15.21 ± 2.23 a Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 18.25 ± 2.17 a 19.00 ± 4.42 a 7.50 + 4.52 a 20.75 + 5.38 a 29.25 ± 6.73 a 10.75 + 3.17 a 4.00 + 1.35 a 15.64 ± 2.12 a ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 19.75 + 4.29 a 11.00 + 0.58 a 12.25 ± 5.07 a 24.75 ± 6.14 a 29.25 ± 9.34 a 5.25 ± 3.33 a 1.50 ± 0.87 a 14.96 ± 2.57 a ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 25.25 ± 5.88 a 14.50 ± 1.71 a 10.75 + 5.72 a 21.75 ± 6.02 a 23.00 ± 8.26 a 8.00 + 3.63 a 5.50 ± 2.96 a 15.54 ± 2.25 a ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 14.50 ± 5.01 a 13.50 ± 2.75 a 8.75 ± 4.17 a 24.50 ± 7.54 a 32.00 ± 8.40 a 8.50 ± 1.19 a 2.00 + 0.91 a 14.82 ± 2.49 a ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 16.00 ± 6.28 a 16.25 ± 5.12 a 8.75 ± 3.68 a 17.25 ± 5.25 a 28.00 ± 4.92 a 7.00 + 1.29 a 4.00 + 1.08 a 13.89 + 2.05 a ECX 9348 AF 2.0 qts 16.50 + 3.18 a 17.50 + 5.68 a 10,50 ± 3.20 a 17.75 ± 6.24 a 24.50 ± 9.24 a 6.50 ± 1.89 a 4.00 + 1.00 a 13.89 ± 2.13 a ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 23.75 ± 3.47 a 15.25 ± 4.01 a 6.75 ± 3.64 a 19.75 ± 7.60 a 32.00 ± 3.63 a 5.50 + 0.96 a 1.50 + 0.87 a 14.93 ± 2.38 a Condor OF 1.0 qt 13.50 ± 1.32 a 22.25 + 7.72 a 10.50 ± 4.43 a 19.25 ± 6.91 a 17.25 ± 6.42 a 3.00 ± 1.47 a 0.75 ± 0.75 a 12.36 ± 2.20 a Javelin WG 1.0 lb 21.50 ± 2.72 a 15.00 ± 2.16 a 6.25 ± 3.04 a 28.50 ± 7.08 a 27.75 ± 3.75 a 9.75 ± 1.18 a 2.75 + 0.63 a 15.93 ± 2.18 a Untreated 17.00 ± 5.02 a 18.00 ± 5.07 a 15.00 ± 8.82 a 26.50 ± 7.33 a 34.25 ± 11.28 a 6.50 ± 2.53 a 2.50 ± 1.55 a 17.11 ± 2.97 a Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P < 0.10). Large cabbage looper larvae/5 plants 7 May 24 May 1 Jun Rate/ 3 May 12 May 18 May 8 Jun Seasonal acre pretreat 3 DAT 8 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT Treatment mean Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 0.25 ± 0.25 a 1.25 ± 0.75 ab 4.50 + 2.02 a 1.50 ± 0.96 a 3.50 ± 0.65 a 2.50 ± 1.50 a 0.75 + 0.75 a 2.04 + 0.46 a Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 0.50 + 0.29 a 1.00 + 0.41 b 2.00 + 1.08 ab 5.25 ± 2.78 a 2.50 ± 1.85 a 2.25 + 0.85 a 3.25 ± 2.93 a 2.39 ± 0.65 a ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 b 2.50 + 1.19 ab 4.75 ± 2.81 a 2.50 ± 1.26 a 2.75 ± 1.70 a 1.00 ± 0.58 a 2.00 ± 0.58 a ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 0.75 ± 0.75 a 1.25 ± 0.75 ab 0.50 ± 0.50 b 5.25 ± 2.75 a 2.50 ± 1.85 a 3.25 ± 2.02 a 0.25 + 0.25 a 1.96 ± 0.61 a ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 0.25 + 0.25 a 0.50 + 0.50 b 2.00 + 0.71 ab 5.50 ± 3.23 a 5.00 + 2.65 a 4.75 + 3.82 a 1.00 ± 1.00 a 2.71 ± 0.84 a ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.75 b 2.00 ± 0.91 ab 3.50 + 1.50 a 3.75 ± 1.25 a 3.50 ± 1.85 a 1.75 + 1.03 a 2.18 ± 0.47 a ECX 9348 AF 1.75 ± 1.18 ab 4.00 ± 4.00 a 2.11 ± 0.65 a 2.0 qts 0.50 ± 0.50 a 1.50 + 0.65 ab 2.50 ± 1.89 a 2.00 ± 0.41 a 2.50 + 1.66 a ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 0.75 ± 0.48 a 0.50 ± 0.50 b 0.75 ± 0.48 ab 3.50 ± 2.53 a 3.25 ± 1.97 a 3.00 ± 1.68 a 0.75 + 0.48 a 1.79 ± 0.53 a 1.0 qt 3.25 ± 1.70 ab 2.50 + 2.18 ab 1.00 ± 0.41 a 2.00 ± 0.91 a 0.00 + 0.00 a 1.71 ± 0.48 a Condor OF 0.00 ± 0.00 a 3.25 ± 1.49 a 2.00 + 0.41 ab Javelin WG 1.0 lb 0.75 + 0.48 a 1.25 + 0.95 ab 6.00 ± 3.19 a 3.75 + 1.31 a 2.25 ± 1.31 a 1.00 + 0.58 a 2.43 ± 0.59 a Untreated 4.50 ± 0.87 a 3.50 ± 0.87 ab 4.50 ± 2.06 a 3.50 ± 1.85 a 0.75 + 0.48 a 3.39 ± 0.70 a 0.25 ± 0.25 a 6.75 ± 3.35 a Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P < 0.10). Diamondback moth larvae/5 plants Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 24 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment acre pretreat 3 DAT 8 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT mean Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 3.25 ± 1.60 a 1.50 ± 0.65 ab 2.00 + 1.08 b 2.75 ± 0.48 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.25 a 1.39 ± 0.40 b Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 2.50 + 1.32 a 0.50 + 0.29 b 1.75 ± 0.75 b 3.25 ± 0.95 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 + 0.00 a 1.14 ± 0.45 b ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 4.25 + 0.95 a 1.33 ± 1.33 ab 0.75 ± 0.75 b 1.50 + 0.75 ab 0.50 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 + 0.00 a 1.19 ± 0.40 b ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 7.00 ± 4.60 a 0.00 ± 0.00 b 0.75 ± 0.48 b 2.75 ± 0.48 ab 0.25 ± 0.25 a 0.25 + 0.25 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.57 ± 0.80 b ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 2.50 ± 1.04 a 0.25 ± 0.25 b 1.25 ± 0.95 b 1.25 ± 0.48 ab 0.25 ± 0.25 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.79 ± 0.27 b 2.00 ± 1.08 b 0.50 ± 0.29 a 2.00 ± 2.00 a ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 2.25 + 0.48 a 0.25 ± 0.25 b 1.00 ± 1.00 a 0.25 ± 0.25 a 1.18 ± 0.36 b ECX 9348 AF 2.0 qts 5.25 ± 2.02 a 0.75 ± 0.25 ab 0.50 ± 0.29 b 1.25 + 0.48 ab 0.25 ± 0.25 a 0.25 + 0.25 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.18 ± 0.43 b ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 5.25 + 0.48 a 0.50 ± 0.29 b 3.25 ± 2.02 ab 2.50 + 0.50 ab 1.25 ± 1.25 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.82 ± 0.51 b Condor OF 1.0 qt 6.50 + 1.94 a 0.75 ± 0.48 ab 1.50 ± 0.65 b 2.00 + 1.00 ab 0.00 + 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.54 ± 0.55 b Javelin WG 1.0 lb 2.75 + 1.31 a 1.00 ± 0.71 ab 1.75 ± 1.44 b 1.75 + 0.25 ab 0.75 + 0.48 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.14 ± 0.37 b Untreated 5.75 ± 1.60 a 0.50 ± 0.29 a 3.21 ± 0.61 a 5.25 ± 1.44 a 3.00 ± 0.71 a 6.25 ± 1.11 a 1.50 ± 0.87 a 0.25 ± 0.25 a Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P ^ 0.10). Total lepidopterous larvae/5 plants Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 24 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment acre pretreat 3 DAT 8 DAT 4 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT mean Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 22.0 ± 5.52 a 19.25 + 0.85 a 23.50 ± 7.41 a 18.00 ± 5.61 a 33.75 + 6.99 ab 10.00 ± 1.78 a 4.00 ± 2.27 a 18.64 ± 2.39 ab Cutlass WP 21.25 ± 1.38 a 20.50 + 4.35 a 11.25 ± 4.33 a 29.25 + 2.46 a 31.75 + 7.15 ab 13.00 ± 3.29 a 7.25 ± 3.57 a 19.18 ± 2.14ab 1.5 lbs ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 24.00 + 4.02 a 12.33 + 0.88 a 15.50 ± 4.97 a 31.00 ± 6.98 a 32.25 + 8.49 ab 8.00 ± 4.22 a 2.50 + 0.87 a 18.15 ± 2.74 ab 33.00 ± 8.83 a 29.75 ± 5.86 a 11.50 + 4.33 a ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 15.75 + 2.29 a 12.00 ± 5.24 a 25.75 + 8.34 ab 5.75 + 2.84 a 19.07 ± 2.70 ab ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 17.25 ± 5.11 a 31.25 ± 9.68 a 37.25 + 9.83 ab 13.25 ± 4.61 a 18.32 ± 2.94 ab 14.25 ± 2.53 a 12.00 ± 4.06 a 3.00 ± 1.78 a Continued Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/69/4639251 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 E: VEGETABLE CROPS Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 71 Total lepidopterous larvae/5 plants Rate/ 3 May 7 May 12 May 18 May 24 May 1 Jun 8 Jun Seasonal Treatment acre pre treat 4 DAT 5 DAT mean 3 DAT 8 DAT 7 DAT 6 DAT ECX 9348 AF 17.29 ± 2.19 ab 1.0 qt 18.50 ± 6.40 a 17.25 ± 5.02 a 12.75 ± 3.88 a 21.25 ± 6.42 a 33.75 ± 4.40 ab 11.50 ± 1.55 a 6.00 ± 1.47 a ECX 9348 AF 22.25 ± 2.95 a 10.75 ± 4.15 a 2.0 qts 20.00 ± 6.62 a 12.50 ± 2.99 a 21.50 ± 6.51 a 26.75 ± 9.31 ab 6.50 ± 2.02 a 17.18 ± 2.25 ab ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 29.75 ± 3.71 a 16.25 ± 4.15 a 10.75 ± 2.32 a 25.75 ± 8.78 a 36.50 ± 3.28 ab 8.50 ± 2.33 a 2.25 ± 0.63 a 18.54 ± 2.64 ab Condor OF 1.0 qt 20.00 ± 2.35 a 18.25 ± 6.41 b 5.00 ± 1.73 a 15.61 ± 2.40 b 26.25 ± 6.92 a 14.50 ± 6.20 a 24.50 ± 6.44 a 0.75 ± 0.75 a Javelin WG 25.00 ± 4.22 a 12.00 ± 1.15 a 1.0 lb 18.00 ± 2.12 a 9.25 ± 3.04 a 36.25 ± 8.69 a 32.25 ± 4.01 ab 3.75 ± 0.48 a 19.50 ± 2.58 ab Unlreated 22.50 ± 3.86 a 39.50 ± 9.28 a 40.25 ± 12.03 a 10.50 ± 3.52 a 3.50 ± 1.94 a 23.75 ± 3.47 a 25.50 ± 5.62 a 24.50 ± 9.72 a (23)' (12) (23) (16) (4) (5) (9) (14) Means ( ± SE) within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (REGWQ, P £ 0.10). 'Percent DBM; remaining percentage comprised of CL. % Marketable Weight per Insect damage Treatment Rate/acre heads head (Kg) rating Cutlass WP 1.0 lb 84.9 ± 8.9 a 0.86 + 0.29 a 1.46 ± 0.14 b Cutlass WP 1.5 lbs 97.5 ± 1.5 a 0.69 ± 0.18 a 1.26 ± 0.04 b ECX 9371 AF 1.0 qt 75.7 ± 8.2 a 0.91 ± 0.04 a 1.72 ± 0.18 b ECX 9371 AF 2.0 qts 91.9 ± 3.8 a 0.93 ± 0.07 a 1.47 ± 0.15 b ECX 9371 AF 3.0 qts 90.9 ± 2.8 a 0.84 ± 0.08 a 1.27 ± 0.06 b ECX 9348 AF 1.0 qt 73.0 ± 9.5 a 0.86 ± 0.11 a 1.80 ± 0.13 b ECX 9348 AF 2.0 qts 93.6 ± 2.6 a 0.90 ± 0.05 a 1.27 ± 0.06 b ECX 9348 AF 3.0 qts 84.1 ± 6.8 a 0.77 ± 0.09 a 1.42 ± 0.15 b Condor OF 1.0 qt 83.5 ± 7.1 a 0.74 ± 0.06 a 1.43 ± 0.13 b Javelin WG 1.0 lb 90.0 ± 3.9 a 0.79 ± 0.10 a 1.32 ± 0.11 b Untreated 3.2 ± 1.9 b 0.73 ± 0.08 a 3.57 ± 0.08 a Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different, SAS (P = 0.10, REGWQ). CABBAGE: Brassica oleracea L. 'Blue Vantage' S. Rowland and B. Cartwright (20E) Cabbage Looper (CL); Trichoplusia ni (Hiibner) Department of Entomology Diamondback Moth (DBM); Plutella xylostella (L.) Oklahoma State University P.O. Box 128 Lane, OK 74555 CABBAGE LOOPER AND DIAMONDBACK MOTH CONTROL ON CABBAGE, SPRING, 1993: Six week old plants were transplanted into a Bernow series fine, sandy loam soil at the Wes Watkins AREC in Lane, OK. Plots measuring one row wide by 4.6 m long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. One unplanted bed between beds and 3 m within rows served as spray buffers. Beds were spaced 0.9 m apart and plants were spaced 30 cm apart and arranged with two rows on each bed. Conventional cultural practices were used throughout the trial. All treatments were applied on 14, 19 and 25 May and 2, 10, and 16 Jun using a CO powered backpack sprayer calibrated on 3 May at 205 liters per acre at 30 psi. The spray boom was configured with two TX-26 hollow cone nozzles spaced 46 cm apart and directed inward towards the base of the plants. On each sample date, five randomly selected plants per plot were sampled for CL, DBM and other lepidopterous larvae. Larvae were categorized as small (CL—instar 1 or 2; DBM—instar 1, 2 or 3) or large (CL—instar 3 or 4; DBM—instar 4, 5 or 6). All heads from each plot were harvested on 21 Jun and rated for lepidopterous feeding damage according to the following scale: 1 = no wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 2 = wrapper leaf damage, no head damage, 3 = light head damage (< 3 feeding holes), 4 = moderate/severe head damage (>3 feeding holes). Heads rated 1 or 2 were considered marketable in accordance with USDA market standards. CL populations were high with peak populations observed at 8.7 larvae per plant on 24 May. DBM populations were lower with only 0.65 larvae per plant on May 13. On 24 May, CGA-269941 WP significantly reduced the number of small CL larvae compared with the untreated control. All treatments except CGA-269941 WP at 0.25 lbs per acre significantly reduced small CL populations compared with untreated plots. Efficacy of CGA- 269941 WP for controlling both small (8 Jun) and large (all dates) CL larvae appeared to be affected by rate. Large CL populations were significantly reduced by all treatments on 18 May and by CGA-269941 WP at 2.0 lbs/acre on 24 May. A significant reduction of the overall lepidopterous population was achieved by CGA-269941 WP at 2.0 lbs/acre on 24 May, 8 Jun and 15 Jun and by Dipel 2X on 8 Jun. Seasonal mean numbers of small CL were significantly reduced by all treatments except Agree 50WP at 0.5 lbs/acre. Seasonal mean populations of large CL and total lepidopterous were signif­ icantly reduced by all treatments compared with untreated plots. All treatments had significantly higher percentages of marketable heads and lower damage ratings compared to untreated plots, with CGA-269941 WP at 1.0 lb/acre and 2.0 lbs/acre and Dipel 2X significantly improving marketability when compared with all other treatments. Decreased damage with increasing rates was observed with CGA-269941 WP and Agree, however, Agree failed to limit damage satisfactorily in this experiment where CL was the predominant species. No phytotoxicity was observed with any of the treatments.

Journal

Arthropod Management Tests – Oxford University Press

Published: Jan 1, 1994

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