Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
H Sugiuchi, T Irie, Y Uji (1998)
Homogeneous assay for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with triblock copolymer and alpha-cyclodextrin sulfateClin Chem., 44
S Mora, N Rifai, JE Buring (2009)
Comparison of LDL cholesterol concentrations by Friedewald calculation and direct measurement in relation to cardiovascular events in 27,331 womenJ Atheroscler Thromb., 55
P Bachorik, N Rifai, GR Warnick (2000)
Measurement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterolClin Chem.
F Bauer, FS Seibert, B Rohn
Estimation of LDL cholesterol in chronic kidney disease [published online ahead of print September 20, 2020]Clin Chem.
CM de Cordova, MM de Cordova (2013)
A new accurate, simple formula for LDL-cholesterol estimation based on directly measured blood lipids from a large cohortLipids Health Dis., 50
M Sampson, C Ling, Q Sun (2020)
A new equation for calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with normolipidemia and/or hypertriglyceridemiaJAMA., 5
M Nauck, GR Warnick, N Rifai (2002)
Methods for measurement of LDL-cholesterol: a critical assessment of direct measurement by homogeneous assays versus calculationEur J Prev Cardiol., 48
WG Miller, GL Myers, I Sakurabayashi (2010)
Seven direct methods for measuring HDL and LDL cholesterol compared with ultracentrifugation reference measurement proceduresEur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem., 56
JH Rim, YH Lee, MH Lee (2016)
Comparison and validation of 10 equations including a novel method for estimation of LDL-cholesterol in a 168,212 Asian populationPract Lab Med., 95
M Miller, NJ Stone, C Ballantyne (2011)
Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart AssociationAm J Cardiol., 123
A Karkhaneh, M Bagherieh, S Sadeghi (2019)
Evaluation of eight formulas for LDL-C estimation in Iranian subjects with different metabolic health statusesIran J Pathol., 18
DM DeLong, ER DeLong, PD Wood (1986)
A comparison of methods for the estimation of plasma low- and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence StudyArch Iran Med., 256
T Pisani, CP Gebski, ET Leary (1995)
Accurate direct determination of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol using an immunoseparation reagent and enzymatic cholesterol assayClin Chem., 119
F Atabi, R Mohammadi (2020)
Clinical validation of eleven formulas for calculating LDL-C in IranClin Chim Acta., 15
KC Sung, CH Kwon, MY Lee (2020)
Comparison of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by direct measurement and by Friedewald calculationKorean J Intern Med., 125
Y Hattori, M Suzuki, M Tsushima (1998)
Development of approximate formula for LDL-chol, LDL-apo B and LDL-chol/LDL-apo B as indices of hyperapobetalipoproteinemia and small dense LDLJAMA., 138
PS Bachorik, JW Ross (1995)
National cholesterol education program recommendations for measurement of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: executive summary. The National Cholesterol Education Program Working Group on Lipoprotein Measurement, 41
C Matas, M Cabré, A La Ville (1994)
Limitations of the Friedewald formula for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in alcoholics with liver diseaseCirculation., 40
C Cobbaert, I Broodman, GR Swart (1995)
Performance of a direct, immunoseparation based LDL-cholesterol method compared to Friedewald calculation and a polyvinyl sulphate precipitation methodArch Pathol Lab Med., 33
M Kang, J Kim, SY Lee (2017)
Martin’s equation as the most suitable method for estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Korean adultsMedicine (Baltimore)., 38
SR Evans, CJ Fichtenbaum, JA Aberg (2007)
Comparison of direct and indirect measurement of LDL-C in HIV-infected individuals: ACTG 5087Clin Chim Acta., 8
CMM Cordova, AS Portal, MM Cordova (2020)
Martin’s, Friedewald’s and Cordova’s formulas compared to LDL-C directly measured in southern BrazilJAMA Cardiol., 56
V Sathiyakumar, J Park, A Golozar (2018)
Fasting versus nonfasting and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol accuracyJ Atheroscler Thromb., 137
SA Ahmadi, MA Boroumand, K Gohari-Moghaddam (2008)
The impact of low serum triglyceride on LDL-cholesterol estimationClin Chem., 11
P Bayer, F Veinberg, R Couderc (2005)
Multicenter evaluation of four homogenous LDL-cholesterol assays [in French]J Atheroscler Thromb., 63
SS Martin, RP Giugliano, SA Murphy (2018)
Comparison of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol assessment by Martin/Hopkins estimation, Friedewald estimation, and preparative ultracentrifugation: insights from the FOURIER trialCirculation., 3
S Pradhan, K Gautam, D Pyakurel (2020)
Comparison of calculated LDL-cholesterol using the Friedewald formula and de Cordova formula with a directly measured LDL-cholesterol in Nepalese populationLipids Health Dis., 20
M Yano, A Matsunaga, S Harada (2019)
Comparison of two homogeneous LDL-cholesterol assays using fresh hypertriglyceridemic serum and quantitative ultracentrifugation fractionsAnn Biol Clin (Paris)., 26
J Lee, S Jang, H Jeong (2020)
Validation of the Friedewald formula for estimating low density lipoprotein cholesterol: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009 to 2011JAMA Cardiol., 35
N Rifai, E Iannotti, K DeAngelis (1998)
Analytical and clinical performance of a homogeneous enzymatic LDL-cholesterol assay compared with the ultracentrifugation-dextran sulfate-Mg2+ methodHIV Clin Trials., 44
M Nauck, MS Graziani, D Bruton (2000)
Analytical and clinical performance of a detergent-based homogeneous LDL-cholesterol assay: a multicenter evaluationClin Chem., 46
M Nauck, N Rifai (2000)
Analytical performance and clinical efficacy of three routine procedures for LDL cholesterol measurement compared with the ultracentrifugation-dextran sulfate-Mg(2+) methodClin Chem., 294
J Martins, SA Olorunju, LM Murray (2015)
Comparison of equations for the calculation of LDL-cholesterol in hospitalized patientsKorean J Fam Med., 444
A Garoufi, A Drakatos, C Tsentidis (2017)
Comparing calculated LDL-C with directly measured LDL-C in healthy and in dyslipidemic childrenClin Chim Acta., 50
M Nakamura, I Koyama, H Iso (2010)
Ten-year evaluation of homogeneous low-density lipoprotein cholesterol methods developed by Japanese manufacturers. Application of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Cholesterol Reference Method Laboratory Network lipid standardization protocolAtherosclerosis., 17
Y Zhang, E Vittinghoff, MJ Pletcher (2019)
Associations of blood pressure and cholesterol levels during young adulthood with later cardiovascular events, 74
WT Friedewald, RI Levy, DS Fredrickson (1972)
Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifugeEur Heart J., 18
H Chaen, S Kinchiku, M Miyata (2016)
Validity of a novel method for estimation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in diabetic patientsClin Chim Acta, 23
S Anandaraja, R Narang, R Godeswar (2005)
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation by a new formula in Indian populationAtherosclerosis., 102
MJ Oliveira, HE van Deventer, LM Bachmann (2013)
Evaluation of four different equations for calculating LDL-C with eight different direct HDL-C assaysClin Chim Acta., 423
A Vujovic, J Kotur-Stevuljevic, S Spasic (2010)
Evaluation of different formulas for LDL-C calculationLipids Health Dis., 9
Y Chen, X Zhang, B Pan (2010)
A modified formula for calculating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol valuesInt J Cardiol., 9
E Martínez-Morillo, M García-García, MAL Concha (2021)
Evaluation of a new equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol through the comparison with various recommended methodsJ Bras Patol Med Lab, 31
F Mach, C Baigent, AL Catapano (2020)
2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular riskJ Am Coll Cardiol., 41
V Barakett-Hamade, JP Ghayad, G Mchantaf (2021)
Is machine learning-derived low-density lipoprotein estimation more reliable than standard closed form equations? Insights from a laboratory database by comparison with a direct homogeneous assayAnn Clin Biochem., 519
T Miida, K Nishimura, T Okamura (2012)
A multicenter study on the precision and accuracy of homogeneous assays for LDL-cholesterol: comparison with a beta-quantification method using fresh serum obtained from non-diseased and diseased subjectsClin Chem., 225
SS Martin, MJ Blaha, MB Elshazly (2013)
Comparison of a novel method vs the Friedewald equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from the standard lipid profileAnn Clin Biochem., 310
CP Onyenekwu, M Hoffmann, F Smit (2014)
Comparison of LDL-cholesterol estimate using the Friedewald formula and the newly proposed de Cordova formula with a directly measured LDL-cholesterol in a healthy South African populationClin Biochem., 51
K Tanno, T Okamura, M Ohsawa (2010)
Comparison of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations measured by a direct homogeneous assay and by the Friedewald formula in a large community populationClin Chem., 411
ObjectivesTo summarize and assess the literature on the performances of methods beyond the Friedewald formula (FF) used in routine practice to determine low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).MethodsA literature review was performed by searching the PubMed database. Many peer-reviewed articles were assessed.ResultsThe examined methods included direct homogeneous LDL-C assays, the FF, mathematical equations derived from the FF, the Martin-Hopkins equation (MHE), and the Sampson equation. Direct homogeneous assays perform inconsistently across manufacturers and disease status, whereas most FF-derived methods exhibit variable levels of performance across populations. The MHE consistently outperforms the FF but cannot be applied in the setting of severe hypertriglyceridemia. The Sampson equation shows promise against both the FF and MHE, especially in severe hypertriglyceridemia, but data are still limited on its validation in various settings, including disease and therapeutic states.ConclusionsThere is still no consensus on a universal best method to estimate LDL-C in routine practice. Further studies are needed to assess the performance of the Sampson equation.
American Journal of Clinical Pathology – Oxford University Press
Published: Oct 1, 2021
Keywords: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Measurement; Friedewald formula; Martin-Hopkins equation; Sampson equation; Method evaluation
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.