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Monitoring and Management of Inland Waters

Monitoring and Management of Inland Waters environments Editorial Silvia Quadroni Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; silvia.quadroni@uninsubria.it Inland waters are important ecosystems for both their biodiversity and the services they provide to humans. Monitoring their components is essential to improve the knowl- edge of the structure and functions of these ecosystems and to assess their health status. Monitoring is also fundamental for evaluating the impact of anthropic pressures (e.g., water use for hydropower, irrigation, or drinking purposes, pollution due to present and past production and use of chemicals, introduction of allochthonous species), besides the effects of current climate changes. Only through reliable information coming from monitoring data, can the management of freshwater resources be planned and improved in order to reduce the environmental impact of multiple anthropic uses and activities. This Special Issue entitled “Monitoring and Management of Inland Waters” mainly provides useful information on the methods and indices currently applied for the monitor- ing of different (both abiotic and biotic) components of freshwater ecosystems and shows the monitoring results with indications for preserving these ecosystems. It includes six studies carried out in different countries around the world, which focus on different aspects related to the monitoring and management of inland waters. Specifically, Ochsenkühn et al. [1] investigated the presence and distribution of harmful bacteria in river, lake, and nearshore sea-water samples of Upolu Island (Samoa) by combining the sensitivity of fecal indicator bacteria testing and next-generation sequencing. A thorough genetic screening of the broodstocks used for the reintroduction of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso L.) in the Po River basin (Italy) was performed by Antognazza et al. [2] to assess the success of a captive Citation: Quadroni, S. Monitoring breeding program. Fenoglio and Doretto [3] used benthic macroinvertebrate communities and Management of Inland Waters. to investigate the quality of sites in the tropical Río Cangrejal basin (Honduras). Diatomic Environments 2022, 9, 48. https:// diversity was instead used by Padula et al. [4] to assess the ecological quality of small doi.org/10.3390/ temporary high-elevation lakes in the Apennine mountains (Italy). Moreover, Hornbach [5] environments9040048 examined ecosystem metabolism over three years in two branches of a cold-water stream in Received: 1 April 2022 Minnesota (USA), mainly differing in water temperature. Finally, two methodologies com- Accepted: 7 April 2022 monly used for the detection of hydrological alterations were coupled by Greco et al. [6] in Published: 9 April 2022 order to define the ecological flow of the Agri River (Italy). The Special Issue also includes a review summarizing state-of-the-art methods for the assessment of hydropeaking impacts Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral on benthic macroinvertebrate communities [7] and a perspective paper highlighting two with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- main issues affecting inland waters, i.e., lake pollution by old generation pesticides and iations. river development for hydropower [8]. The results presented in this Special Issue should be taken into account for improving both the monitoring and management of freshwater resources: (i) the wide distribution of potential harmful bacteria from river runoff or direct sewage dumping has an impact on Copyright: © 2022 by the author. human health that should be urgently reduced [1], (ii) a critical requirement for the success Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. of programs for the reintroduction of locally extinct species is the knowledge of the genetic This article is an open access article diversity of the selected broodstocks to ensure self-sustainability of the reintroduced popu- distributed under the terms and lations [2], (iii) taxon richness of benthic macroinvertebrates could be used as a surrogate conditions of the Creative Commons indicator to assess the water quality when consolidate biomonitoring methods are not Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// available [3], (iv) the presence of endangered diatomic species of particular conservational creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ interest in temporary basins affected by extended drought periods triggers the need for 4.0/). Environments 2022, 9, 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9040048 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/environments Environments 2022, 9, 48 2 of 2 conservation strategies for vulnerable and unstable environments strongly threatened by climate changes [4], (v) long-term monitoring of ecosystem metabolism is required to assess alterations in the function of streams affected by hydrological and temperature alterations exacerbated by the climate change [5], (vi) common operative tools should be implemented for ecological flow assessment in order to make water resource management more sustain- able [6], (vii) organic farming and biocontrol could be an alternative to diffuse pollution by agrochemicals, while environmental flows and controlled sediment flushing operations could limit the hydropower impact on rivers [8]. Moreover, the review by Salmaso et al. [7] could support the proper design of monitoring plans aimed at assessing the ecological impacts of hydropeaking and the effects of possible mitigation strategies. Both the monitoring and management of inland waters should be carried out in a comprehensive way, considering both abiotic and biotic components and accounting for the multiple impacts affecting freshwater ecosystems, including those related to the climate change. I would like to express my thanks to the authors who contributed to this Special Issue, to the reviewers for their valuable assistance as well as to the organizers and the staff of MDPI for their efforts to complete and publish this Special Issue. Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest. References 1. Ochsenkühn, M.A.; Fei, C.; Bayaara, O.; Romeo, E.; Amosa, P.; Idaghdour, Y.; Goldstein, G.; Bromage, T.G.; Amin, S.A. Microbial Contamination Survey of Environmental Fresh and Saltwater Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa. Environments 2021, 8, 112. [CrossRef] 2. Antognazza, C.M.; Vanetti, I.; De Santis, V.; Bellani, A.; Di Francesco, M.; Puzzi, C.M.; Casoni, A.G.; Zaccara, S. Genetic Investigation of Four Beluga Sturgeon (Huso huso, L.) Broodstocks for its Reintroduction in the Po River Basin. Environments 2021, 8, 25. [CrossRef] 3. Fenoglio, S.; Doretto, A. Monitoring of Neotropical Streams Using Macroinvertebrate Communities: Evidence from Honduras. Environments 2021, 8, 27. [CrossRef] 4. Padula, R.; Carosi, A.; Rossetti, A.; Lorenzoni, M. The Diatomic Diversity of Two Mediterranean High-Elevation Lakes in the Sibillini Mountains National Park (Central Italy). Environments 2021, 8, 79. [CrossRef] 5. Hornbach, D. Multi-Year Monitoring of Ecosystem Metabolism in Two Branches of a Cold-Water Stream. Environments 2021, 8, 19. [CrossRef] 6. Greco, M.; Arbia, F.; Giampietro, R. Definition of Ecological Flow Using IHA and IARI as an Operative Procedure for Water Management. Environments 2021, 8, 77. [CrossRef] 7. Salmaso, F.; Servanzi, L.; Crosa, G.; Quadroni, S.; Espa, P. Assessing the Impacts of Hydropeaking on River Benthic Macroinverte- brates: A State-of-the-Art Methodological Overview. Environments 2021, 8, 67. [CrossRef] 8. Quadroni, S.; Espa, P.; Zaccara, S.; Crosa, G.; Bettinetti, R.; Mastore, M.; Brivio, M.F. Monitoring and Management of Inland Waters: Insights from the Most Inhabited Italian Region. Environments 2022, 9, 27. [CrossRef] http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Environments Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Monitoring and Management of Inland Waters

Quadroni, Silvia
Environments , Volume 9 (4) – Apr 9, 2022
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2076-3298
DOI
10.3390/environments9040048
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Abstract

environments Editorial Silvia Quadroni Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; silvia.quadroni@uninsubria.it Inland waters are important ecosystems for both their biodiversity and the services they provide to humans. Monitoring their components is essential to improve the knowl- edge of the structure and functions of these ecosystems and to assess their health status. Monitoring is also fundamental for evaluating the impact of anthropic pressures (e.g., water use for hydropower, irrigation, or drinking purposes, pollution due to present and past production and use of chemicals, introduction of allochthonous species), besides the effects of current climate changes. Only through reliable information coming from monitoring data, can the management of freshwater resources be planned and improved in order to reduce the environmental impact of multiple anthropic uses and activities. This Special Issue entitled “Monitoring and Management of Inland Waters” mainly provides useful information on the methods and indices currently applied for the monitor- ing of different (both abiotic and biotic) components of freshwater ecosystems and shows the monitoring results with indications for preserving these ecosystems. It includes six studies carried out in different countries around the world, which focus on different aspects related to the monitoring and management of inland waters. Specifically, Ochsenkühn et al. [1] investigated the presence and distribution of harmful bacteria in river, lake, and nearshore sea-water samples of Upolu Island (Samoa) by combining the sensitivity of fecal indicator bacteria testing and next-generation sequencing. A thorough genetic screening of the broodstocks used for the reintroduction of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso L.) in the Po River basin (Italy) was performed by Antognazza et al. [2] to assess the success of a captive Citation: Quadroni, S. Monitoring breeding program. Fenoglio and Doretto [3] used benthic macroinvertebrate communities and Management of Inland Waters. to investigate the quality of sites in the tropical Río Cangrejal basin (Honduras). Diatomic Environments 2022, 9, 48. https:// diversity was instead used by Padula et al. [4] to assess the ecological quality of small doi.org/10.3390/ temporary high-elevation lakes in the Apennine mountains (Italy). Moreover, Hornbach [5] environments9040048 examined ecosystem metabolism over three years in two branches of a cold-water stream in Received: 1 April 2022 Minnesota (USA), mainly differing in water temperature. Finally, two methodologies com- Accepted: 7 April 2022 monly used for the detection of hydrological alterations were coupled by Greco et al. [6] in Published: 9 April 2022 order to define the ecological flow of the Agri River (Italy). The Special Issue also includes a review summarizing state-of-the-art methods for the assessment of hydropeaking impacts Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral on benthic macroinvertebrate communities [7] and a perspective paper highlighting two with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- main issues affecting inland waters, i.e., lake pollution by old generation pesticides and iations. river development for hydropower [8]. The results presented in this Special Issue should be taken into account for improving both the monitoring and management of freshwater resources: (i) the wide distribution of potential harmful bacteria from river runoff or direct sewage dumping has an impact on Copyright: © 2022 by the author. human health that should be urgently reduced [1], (ii) a critical requirement for the success Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. of programs for the reintroduction of locally extinct species is the knowledge of the genetic This article is an open access article diversity of the selected broodstocks to ensure self-sustainability of the reintroduced popu- distributed under the terms and lations [2], (iii) taxon richness of benthic macroinvertebrates could be used as a surrogate conditions of the Creative Commons indicator to assess the water quality when consolidate biomonitoring methods are not Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// available [3], (iv) the presence of endangered diatomic species of particular conservational creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ interest in temporary basins affected by extended drought periods triggers the need for 4.0/). Environments 2022, 9, 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9040048 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/environments Environments 2022, 9, 48 2 of 2 conservation strategies for vulnerable and unstable environments strongly threatened by climate changes [4], (v) long-term monitoring of ecosystem metabolism is required to assess alterations in the function of streams affected by hydrological and temperature alterations exacerbated by the climate change [5], (vi) common operative tools should be implemented for ecological flow assessment in order to make water resource management more sustain- able [6], (vii) organic farming and biocontrol could be an alternative to diffuse pollution by agrochemicals, while environmental flows and controlled sediment flushing operations could limit the hydropower impact on rivers [8]. Moreover, the review by Salmaso et al. [7] could support the proper design of monitoring plans aimed at assessing the ecological impacts of hydropeaking and the effects of possible mitigation strategies. Both the monitoring and management of inland waters should be carried out in a comprehensive way, considering both abiotic and biotic components and accounting for the multiple impacts affecting freshwater ecosystems, including those related to the climate change. I would like to express my thanks to the authors who contributed to this Special Issue, to the reviewers for their valuable assistance as well as to the organizers and the staff of MDPI for their efforts to complete and publish this Special Issue. Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest. References 1. Ochsenkühn, M.A.; Fei, C.; Bayaara, O.; Romeo, E.; Amosa, P.; Idaghdour, Y.; Goldstein, G.; Bromage, T.G.; Amin, S.A. Microbial Contamination Survey of Environmental Fresh and Saltwater Resources of Upolu Island, Samoa. Environments 2021, 8, 112. [CrossRef] 2. Antognazza, C.M.; Vanetti, I.; De Santis, V.; Bellani, A.; Di Francesco, M.; Puzzi, C.M.; Casoni, A.G.; Zaccara, S. Genetic Investigation of Four Beluga Sturgeon (Huso huso, L.) Broodstocks for its Reintroduction in the Po River Basin. Environments 2021, 8, 25. [CrossRef] 3. Fenoglio, S.; Doretto, A. Monitoring of Neotropical Streams Using Macroinvertebrate Communities: Evidence from Honduras. Environments 2021, 8, 27. [CrossRef] 4. Padula, R.; Carosi, A.; Rossetti, A.; Lorenzoni, M. The Diatomic Diversity of Two Mediterranean High-Elevation Lakes in the Sibillini Mountains National Park (Central Italy). Environments 2021, 8, 79. [CrossRef] 5. Hornbach, D. Multi-Year Monitoring of Ecosystem Metabolism in Two Branches of a Cold-Water Stream. Environments 2021, 8, 19. [CrossRef] 6. Greco, M.; Arbia, F.; Giampietro, R. Definition of Ecological Flow Using IHA and IARI as an Operative Procedure for Water Management. Environments 2021, 8, 77. [CrossRef] 7. Salmaso, F.; Servanzi, L.; Crosa, G.; Quadroni, S.; Espa, P. Assessing the Impacts of Hydropeaking on River Benthic Macroinverte- brates: A State-of-the-Art Methodological Overview. Environments 2021, 8, 67. [CrossRef] 8. Quadroni, S.; Espa, P.; Zaccara, S.; Crosa, G.; Bettinetti, R.; Mastore, M.; Brivio, M.F. Monitoring and Management of Inland Waters: Insights from the Most Inhabited Italian Region. Environments 2022, 9, 27. [CrossRef]

Journal

Environments – Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Published: Apr 9, 2022

Keywords: n/a

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