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Environmental justice in Latin America and the Caribbean: Legal empowerment of the poor in the context of climate change

Environmental justice in Latin America and the Caribbean: Legal empowerment of the poor in the... Climate Law 3 (2012) 283­309 DOI 10.3233/CL-120068 IOS Press Michael MacLennan and Leisa Perch I. Introduction Due to environmental and social injustices, the harmful impacts of natural-resource exploitation fall disproportionately on certain groups, notably the poor and indigenous peoples. Generally, the poor are considered to be those without adequate income to meet basic economic and social needs; those without access to basic resources and services such as water, land, electricity, and sanitation; and those without a "voice" or other forms of social and political empowerment. When significant environmental degradation--including climate change--is added to this mix, these groups suffer disproportionately. This combined reality has brought issues of equity and sustainability into a sharper focus within the development discourse. Effective governance of natural resources and the environment through progressive institutional frameworks, and greater access to effective remedies and the legal empowerment of the poor,1 are gaining attention and becoming increasingly crucial for inclusive, sustainable development. Rights to land are often at the centre of these debates. Michael MacLennan, Research Associate, Rural and Sustainable Development Team, UNDP IPC-IG, ; and Leisa Perch, Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development Team, UNDP IPC-IG, . The authors contributed equally to this work. The feedback http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Climate Law IOS Press

Environmental justice in Latin America and the Caribbean: Legal empowerment of the poor in the context of climate change

MacLennan, Michael; Perch, Leisa
Climate Law , Volume 3 (3) – Jan 1, 2012
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Publisher
IOS Press
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by IOS Press, Inc
ISSN
1878-6553
eISSN
1878-6561
DOI
10.3233/CL-120068
Publisher site
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Abstract

Climate Law 3 (2012) 283­309 DOI 10.3233/CL-120068 IOS Press Michael MacLennan and Leisa Perch I. Introduction Due to environmental and social injustices, the harmful impacts of natural-resource exploitation fall disproportionately on certain groups, notably the poor and indigenous peoples. Generally, the poor are considered to be those without adequate income to meet basic economic and social needs; those without access to basic resources and services such as water, land, electricity, and sanitation; and those without a "voice" or other forms of social and political empowerment. When significant environmental degradation--including climate change--is added to this mix, these groups suffer disproportionately. This combined reality has brought issues of equity and sustainability into a sharper focus within the development discourse. Effective governance of natural resources and the environment through progressive institutional frameworks, and greater access to effective remedies and the legal empowerment of the poor,1 are gaining attention and becoming increasingly crucial for inclusive, sustainable development. Rights to land are often at the centre of these debates. Michael MacLennan, Research Associate, Rural and Sustainable Development Team, UNDP IPC-IG, ; and Leisa Perch, Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development Team, UNDP IPC-IG, . The authors contributed equally to this work. The feedback

Journal

Climate Law – IOS Press

Published: Jan 1, 2012

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