Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Loading next page...
/lp/hindawi-publishing-corporation/soluble-dietary-fiber-significance-against-obesity-in-a-western-china-ggNi00vGJ7
References
References for this paper are not available at this time. We will be adding them shortly, thank you for your patience.
- Publisher
- Hindawi Publishing Corporation
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2021 Qi Tang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- ISSN
- 2040-2295
- eISSN
- 2040-2309
- DOI
- 10.1155/2021/5754160
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
Hindawi Journal of Healthcare Engineering Volume 2021, Article ID 5754160, 5 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5754160 Research Article Soluble Dietary Fiber Significance against Obesity in a Western China Population 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 5 QiTang, BeiMa, YuliZhao, LiZhao, ZhenyeZhang, HanGao, WenjieLiu, LinfengLi, 5 6 Yi Chen, and Linlin Xie Department of Rehaibilitation Medicine, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Department of Health Management, Sichuan Electric Power Hospital, Chengdu, China Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Duhui Health (Chengdu) Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China Classical Tcm Diagnosis and Treament Center, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China Correspondence should be addressed to Linlin Xie; 18383082016m@sina.cn Received 16 July 2021; Revised 30 August 2021; Accepted 24 September 2021; Published 12 October 2021 Academic Editor: Malik Alazzam Copyright © 2021 Qi Tang et al. -is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objectives. -is study aimed to investigate whether soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) could protect against obesity by influencing weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), visceral fat rate (VFR), or waistline. Methods. We examined obese adult patients from western China at 0 and 3 weeks after an SDF diet. Index assessments of obesity including height, weight, BMI, BFR, VFR, and waistline were carried out. We used the Mann–Whitney U test to examine the difference between the usual diet and the SDF group. Results. Weight, BMI, BFR, and waistline were reduced in both the control group and the SDF group (P< 0.001). -e reduction of the four indices in the SDF group was significantly higher than in the control group (P< 0.001). Higher intake of various SDFs has significantly reduced the weight, BMI, BFR, and waistline than the usual diet group in obesity. Conclusion. Our results indicated that increased intake of SDFs in the diet of obese patients would protect against obesity in the first 3 weeks. studies, SDFs are reported to reduce obesity, diabetes, and 1. Introduction cardiovascular disease risk [4–6]. In weight loss programs, Dietary fibers (DFs) are distinguished as complex polysac- SDFs are found to decrease body weight, adipose tissue, and charides from plants that escape absorption in the small organ weights [1, 3, 7, 8]. intestine during digestion and serve as dietary substrates for Obesity is one of the most severe global epidemics that microbial communities that colonize the human gut [1]. DFs lead to multiple etiologies including cardiovascular diseases, are resistant to digestion and absorption in the small in- diabetes mellitus, and cancers [3]. Recently, obesity is testine while fermenting in the gut. A DF intake of 25∼30 g is supposed to be the mechanism of high-fat diet enrichment of recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society [2]. Soluble gut microbial communities that exhibit an increased ca- dietary fibers (SDFs) are DFs that can dissolve in water, such pacity for energy harvest and storage. Most interventions of as pectin, β-glucans, psyllium, gums, and some hemicellu- SDFs treated on obesity are performed with rodents or few loses, whereas insoluble dietary fibers (ISDFs) cannot [3]. individuals [9]. Most studies have been focused on body SDFs are viscous, gel-forming, and fermented by the gut weight gain, visceral adipose tissue weight, or increased microbiota in the large colon into short-chain fatty acids adiposity [7, 10]. No studies to our knowledge have in- (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate [1]. In many vestigated more exactly objective indices in obese patients. 2 Journal of Healthcare Engineering Table 1: Baseline of all obese participants. To study the effect of soluble dietary fiber on obesity is helpful to reduce the impact of obesity on human health. Overall Con HDF P Our trial includes 50 obese patients to intake a high content Gender 50 (100%) 25 (50%) 25 (50.0%) 0.196 of SDF diet or a usual food diet. We observe the weight, body Female 37 (74.0%) 21 (42.0%) 16 (32.0%) mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), visceral fat index Male 13 (26.0%) 4 (8.0%) 9 (18.0%) (VFI), and waistline of subject patients. Weight, BMI, body Age 36.74± 1.01 38.2± 1.23 34.16± 1.44 0.008 fat rate, VFI, waistline are indices of obesity, while BMI, Height (m) 1.64± 0.08 1.61± 0.06 1.66± 0.10 0.032 body fat rate, and VFI could observe obesity more exactly. Weight (kg) 76.09± 15.28 73.51± 8.66 78.67± 19.70 0.808 BMI 28.27± 3.99 28.37± 2.77 28.16± 4.98 0.455 BFR (%) 31.06± 3.56 30.49± 2.52 31.63± 4.34 0.734 2. Method VFI 12.06± 2.96 12.72± 2.46 11.40± 3.30 0.040 2.1. Participants. Participants from this trial were obese Waistline (cm) 95.19± 11.75 94.69± 9.86 95.70± 13.57 0.954 patients recruited from western China. Totally, 50 patients Values are expressed as number (percentage of patients) or mean (SD). Body mass index- BMI, body fat rate- BFR, visceral fat index- VFI. who signed consent were enrolled in our trial. 25 partici- pants were subject to a complex various SDFs (Magic Calorie, Du hui Health, Chen du) diet as the treatment group. -e other 25 participants were subject to a usual diet Table 2: Comparison of indices between 0 weeks and 3 weeks in as the control group. -e baseline of participants was each obesity group. measured at the beginning (0 weeks) of the trial. Index Group 0 weeks 3 weeks P value Weight (kg) Con 73.51± 8.66 71.84± 8.70 <0.001 2.2. Interventions. -e composite of SDFs was 3.5 g/100 ml and SDF 78.67± 19.70 73.90± 18.99 <0.001 included various SDFs, such as konjac glucomannan and β-1,3- BMI Con 28.37± 2.77 27.73± 2.84 <0.001 SDF 28.16± 4.98 26.44± 4.83 <0.001 glucan. SDFs were added to the usual diet in the treatment BFR (%) Con 30.49± 2.52 29.69± 2.58 <0.001 group, and the control group was kept on a usual diet. Par- SDF 31.63± 4.34 29.80± 4.31 <0.001 ticipants completed study visits at 0 and 3 weeks during the Waistline (cm) Con 94.69± 9.86 91.36± 8.97 <0.001 study. Indices of obesity, namely, weight, BMI, body fat rate, SDF 95.70± 13.57 89.22± 12.58 <0.001 VFI, and waistline, were observed at the 0 and 3 weeks after SDF Values are expressed as mean (SD). Body mass index- BMI; body fat rate- diet or beginning of observation in each group. BFR. 2.3. Statistics. We present descriptive statistics as means± SDs for continuous variables and as frequency Table 3: Effect of SDFs in obese patients in 3 weeks. (percentage) for categorical variables. Chi-square tests, Control ANOVA, and Wilcoxon pair tests were used to assess dif- Index of obesity Overall SDF group P group ferences in physical and dietary factors between 0 and 3 Weight weeks after SDF treatment. -e Mann–Whitney U test was 3.23± 2.16 1.68± 0.57 4.77± 2.06 <0.001 minus (kg) used to assess the difference between the control group and BMI minus 1.18± 0.74 0.65± 0.22 1.72± 0.68 <0.001 treatment for changes in each index. Analyses were per- BFR minus (%) 1.32± 0.69 0.80± 0.34 1.83± 0.55 <0.001 formed in R version 4.1.0. Statistical was set at P value<0.05. Waistline 4.91± 3.04 3.33± 2.22 6.48± 2.96 <0.001 minus (cm) 3. Result Values are expressed as mean (SD). Body mass index- BMI; body fat rate- BFR. -e current study comprised 50 obese patients from western China. Table 1 reports all patients’ general characteristics at 0 weeks and 3 weeks. Four of the indices of obesity (weight, exactly the effect of SDF in obese patients, we next compared BMI, BFR, and waistline) had no difference at the baseline of the change of indices between the usual diet and the SDF the control group and the treatment group (P> 0.05). We diet. excluded only one index (VFI, P< 0.05) due to imbalance between the two groups in the following analysis. 3.2. SDFs Significantly against Obesity. Because both the usual diet and the SDF diet could reduce indices of obesity, we next examined the reduction of indices between the 3.1. Weight, BMI, BFR, and Waistline of Obesity Were Reduced in 3 Weeks. -e four specific indices of obesity were control group and the SDF group. Figure 1 illustrates the compared between 0 weeks and 3 weeks in each patient obvious reduction of the 4 indices of obesity in 3 weeks in (Table 2). In our trial, both the control group and the each group. -e value of the four indices at 3 weeks after an treatment group showed significant weight loss (P< 0.001) SDF diet (Figure 1, pink group) was significantly low than in 3 weeks. Both the control group and SDF group have been the value of the four indices at 0 weeks (Figure 1, blue reduced in BMI, BFR, and waistline (all P< 0.001) in 3 group). -e reduction between the control group and the weeks. -e reduction of the four indices of obesity is more SDF group was compared and reported in Table 3. -e obvious in the SDF group (Table 3). For evaluating more reduction of all indices in the SDF group was significantly Journal of Healthcare Engineering 3 P < 0.001 P < 0.001 0 0 05 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25 Patients Rank Patients Rank Control Baseline Control Baseline SDF 3w post-treated SDF 3w post-treated (a) (b) P < 0.001 P < 0.001 05 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25 Patients Rank Patients Rank Control Baseline Control Baseline SDF 3w post–treated SDF 3w post–treated (c) (d) Figure 1: Comparison of weight, BMI, body fat rate, and waistline between the control group and the SDF group in 3 weeks. Black circles represent the values of the control group. Black triangles represent the values of the SDF group. -e blue line represents the difference of baseline between the two groups. -e pink line represents the difference of the value at 3 weeks between the two groups. (a) Weight loss between the two groups in 3 weeks. (b) Reduction of BMI between the two groups in 3 weeks. (c) Reduction of body fat rate between the two groups in 3 weeks. (d) Reduction of waistline between the two groups in 3 weeks. P value deduced the difference of the reduction in each index between the control group and the SDF group. Weight Body fat rate Waistine BM1 4 Journal of Healthcare Engineering [3] V. Gowd, L. Xie, X. Zheng, and W. Chen, “Dietary fibers as higher than that in the control group (P< 0.001). -e dif- emerging nutritional factors against diabetes: focus on the ferences between the two groups reveal that SDFs can involvement of gut microbiota,” Critical Reviews in Bio- protect against obesity. technology, vol. 39, pp. 524–540, 2019. [4] M. S. Butt, N. Shahzadi, M. K. Sharif, and M. Nasir, “Guar 4. Discussion gum: a miracle therapy for hypercholesterolemia, hypergly- cemia and obesity,” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Results from our investigation show that a soluble dietary Nutrition, vol. 47, pp. 389–396, 2007. fiber diet in the form of various compositions was significant [5] S. W. Rizkalla, E. Prifti, A. Cotillard et al., “Differential effects against obesity in a China western population. Although of macronutrient content in 2 energy-restricted diets on both the control group and the treatment group have di- cardiovascular risk factors and adipose tissue cell size in minished obesity indices, the SDF group has a significant moderately obese individuals: a randomized controlled trial,” reduction in each index, the phenomenon which reveals that American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 95, pp. 49–63, an SDF diet could protect against obesity. -ese results are consistent with previous studies that [6] G. Mithieux, “Metabolic effects of portal vein sensing,” Di- suggest SDFs are associated with weight [11], waistline [12], abetes Obes Metab, vol. 16, pp. 56–60, 2014. and visceral fat [13]. Previous studies have found that DF [7] M. Galisteo, R. Moron, L. Rivera, R. Romero, A. Anguera, and was inversely associated with weight gain and visceral ad- A. Zarzuelo, “Plantago ovata husks-supplemented diet ame- ipose tissue, respectively [14, 15]. -us, the results of our liorates metabolic alterations in obese Zucker rats through current study are in line with previous findings and suggest activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Comparative that weight loss, waistline, and visceral fat may be influenced study with other dietary fibers,” Clinical Nutrition, vol. 29, pp. 261–267, 2010. by SDFs [7, 11, 16]. [8] T. L. Alderete, L. E. Wild, S. M. Mierau et al., “Added sugar To our knowledge, few studies investigated the effects of and sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with increased SDFs on a region of China’s population with obesity [11, 17]. postpartum weight gain and soluble fiber intake is associated Most studies of SDFs in obesity focus on mammal experi- with postpartum weight loss in Hispanic women from ments [13, 18–20]. No combination of the 5 indices of Southern California,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, obesity would indicate obesity more exactly and objectively vol. 112, pp. 519–526, 2020. [12, 21]. However, the current study is limited by the en- [9] H. Shi, Y. Yu, D. Lin et al., “beta-glucan attenuates cognitive rolled patient number and may not be generalizable to other impairment via the gut-brain axis in diet-induced obese regions of China or the world. Further studies aiming at mice,” Microbiome, vol. 8, p. 143, 2020. confirming our results in a large population are required. [10] K. E. Morrison, E. Jasarevic, C. D. Howard, and T. L. Bale, “It’s In summary, our results indicate that SDFs have the the fiber, not the fat: significant effects of dietary challenge on potential to protect against obesity by contributing to weight the gut microbiome,” Microbiome, vol. 8, p. 15, 2020. loss, waistline loss, reduction of body fat, and visceral fat. [11] A. Basu, D. Feng, P. Planinic, J. L. Ebersole, T. J. Lyons, and -ese findings suggest that SDFs should be considered when J. M. Alexander, “Dietary blueberry and soluble fiber sup- plementation reduces risk of gestational diabetes in women developing preventive strategies for alleviating the burden of with obesity in a randomized controlled trial,” Journal of obesity. Nutrition, vol. 151, pp. 1128–1138, 2021. [12] Y. Lin, I. Huybrechts, C. Vereecken et al., “Dietary fiber intake Data Availability and its association with indicators of adiposity and serum biomarkers in European adolescents: the HELENA study,” -e data that support the findings of this study are available European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 54, pp. 771–782, 2015. from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. [13] B. Chassaing, J. Miles-Brown, M. Pellizzon et al., “Lack of soluble fiber drives diet-induced adiposity in mice,” American Conflicts of Interest Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, vol. 309, pp. G528–G541, 2015. -e authors declare no conflicts of interest. [14] J. N. Davis, K. E. Alexander, E. E. Ventura, C. M. Toledo- Corral, and M. I. Goran, “Inverse relation between dietary Acknowledgments fiber intake and visceral adiposity in overweight Latino youth,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 90, -is research was funded by the Luzhou Science and pp. 1160–1166, 2009. Technology Bureau Project (no. 2018-syf-22). [15] S. Liu, W. C. Willett, J. E. Manson, F. B. Hu, B. Rosner, and G. Colditz, “Relation between changes in intakes of dietary References fiber and grain products and changes in weight and devel- opment of obesity among middle-aged women,” American [1] F. De Vadder, P. Kovatcheva-Datchary, D. Goncalves et al., Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 78, pp. 920–927, 2003. “Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic ben- [16] C. Xu, J. Liu, J. Gao et al., “Combined soluble fiber-mediated efits via gut-brain neural circuits,” Cell, vol. 156, pp. 84–96, intestinal microbiota improve insulin sensitivity of obese mice,” Nutrients, vol. 12, 2020. [2] H. J. Wang, Z. H. Wang, J. G. Zhang et al., “Trends in dietary fiber intake in Chinese aged 45 years and above, 1991-2011,” [17] M. Lyon, S. Wood, X. Pelletier, Y. Donazzolo, R. Gahler, and F. Bellisle, “Effects of a 3-month supplementation with a novel European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 68, pp. 619–622, 2014. soluble highly viscous polysaccharide on anthropometry and Journal of Healthcare Engineering 5 blood lipids in nondieting overweight or obese adults,” Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, vol. 24, pp. 351–359, 2011. [18] T. Aoki, E. Oyanagi, C. Watanabe et al., “-e effect of vol- untary exercise on gut microbiota in partially hydrolyzed guar gum intake mice under high-fat diet feeding,” Nutrients, vol. 12, 2020. [19] R. Okouchi, E. Shaug, K. Yamamoto et al., “Simultaneous intake of euglena gracilis and vegetables exerts synergistic anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the gut microbiota in diet-induced obese mice,” Nutrients, vol. 11, [20] D. Zhang, B. A. Williams, D. Mikkelsen et al., “Soluble arabinoxylan alters digesta flow and protein digestion of red meat-containing diets in pigs,” Nutrition, vol. 31, pp. 1141–1147, 2015. [21] B. M. Zalewski, A. Chmielewska, and H. Szajewska, “-e effect of glucomannan on body weight in overweight or obese children and adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials,” Nutrition, vol. 31, pp. 437–442 e2, 2015.
Journal
Journal of Healthcare Engineering – Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Published: Oct 12, 2021